Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.50 and 1.239

version 1.50, 2002/06/26 23:25:02 version 1.239, 2016/08/26 15:51:03
Line 1 Line 1
 /* $Id$  /* $Id$
    Interpolated Markov Chain    $State$
     $Log$
   Short summary of the programme:    Revision 1.239  2016/08/26 15:51:03  brouard
      Summary: Improvement in Powell output in order to copy and paste
   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from  
   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a    Author:
   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are  
   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the    Revision 1.238  2016/08/26 14:23:35  brouard
   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a    Summary: Starting tests of 0.99
   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change  
   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are    Revision 1.237  2016/08/26 09:20:19  brouard
   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a    Summary: to valgrind
   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the  
   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The    Revision 1.236  2016/08/25 10:50:18  brouard
   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the    *** empty log message ***
   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave  
   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore    Revision 1.235  2016/08/25 06:59:23  brouard
   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where    *** empty log message ***
   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more  
   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program    Revision 1.234  2016/08/23 16:51:20  brouard
   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites    *** empty log message ***
   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the  
   convergence.    Revision 1.233  2016/08/23 07:40:50  brouard
     Summary: not working
   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple  
   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not    Revision 1.232  2016/08/22 14:20:21  brouard
   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an    Summary: not working
   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into  
   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.      Revision 1.231  2016/08/22 07:17:15  brouard
     Summary: not working
   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h  
   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be    Revision 1.230  2016/08/22 06:55:53  brouard
   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate    Summary: Not working
   states. This elementary transition (by month or quarter trimester,  
   semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx    Revision 1.229  2016/07/23 09:45:53  brouard
   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices    Summary: Completing for func too
   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply  
   hPijx.    Revision 1.228  2016/07/22 17:45:30  brouard
     Summary: Fixing some arrays, still debugging
   Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also  
   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.    Revision 1.226  2016/07/12 18:42:34  brouard
      Summary: temp
   Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).  
            Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.    Revision 1.225  2016/07/12 08:40:03  brouard
   This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action    Summary: saving but not running
   from the European Union.  
   It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and    Revision 1.224  2016/07/01 13:16:01  brouard
   software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version    Summary: Fixes
   can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .  
   **********************************************************************/    Revision 1.223  2016/02/19 09:23:35  brouard
      Summary: temporary
 #include <math.h>  
 #include <stdio.h>    Revision 1.222  2016/02/17 08:14:50  brouard
 #include <stdlib.h>    Summary: Probably last 0.98 stable version 0.98r6
 #include <unistd.h>  
     Revision 1.221  2016/02/15 23:35:36  brouard
 #define MAXLINE 256    Summary: minor bug
 #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"  
 /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/    Revision 1.219  2016/02/15 00:48:12  brouard
 #define FILENAMELENGTH 80    *** empty log message ***
 /*#define DEBUG*/  
 #define windows    Revision 1.218  2016/02/12 11:29:23  brouard
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */    Summary: 0.99 Back projections
 #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */  
     Revision 1.217  2015/12/23 17:18:31  brouard
 #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */    Summary: Experimental backcast
 #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */  
     Revision 1.216  2015/12/18 17:32:11  brouard
 #define NINTERVMAX 8    Summary: 0.98r4 Warning and status=-2
 #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */  
 #define NDEATHMAX 8 /* Maximum number of dead states (for func) */    Version 0.98r4 is now:
 #define NCOVMAX 8 /* Maximum number of covariates */     - displaying an error when status is -1, date of interview unknown and date of death known;
 #define MAXN 20000     - permitting a status -2 when the vital status is unknown at a known date of right truncation.
 #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */    Older changes concerning s=-2, dating from 2005 have been supersed.
 #define AGESUP 130  
 #define AGEBASE 40    Revision 1.215  2015/12/16 08:52:24  brouard
 #ifdef windows    Summary: 0.98r4 working
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'  
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'    Revision 1.214  2015/12/16 06:57:54  brouard
 #else    Summary: temporary not working
 #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'  
 #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'    Revision 1.213  2015/12/11 18:22:17  brouard
 #endif    Summary: 0.98r4
   
 char version[80]="Imach version 0.8i, June 2002, INED-EUROREVES ";    Revision 1.212  2015/11/21 12:47:24  brouard
 int erreur; /* Error number */    Summary: minor typo
 int nvar;  
 int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;    Revision 1.211  2015/11/21 12:41:11  brouard
 int npar=NPARMAX;    Summary: 0.98r3 with some graph of projected cross-sectional
 int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */  
 int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */    Author: Nicolas Brouard
 int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */  
 int popbased=0;    Revision 1.210  2015/11/18 17:41:20  brouard
     Summary: Start working on projected prevalences
 int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */  
 int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */    Revision 1.209  2015/11/17 22:12:03  brouard
 int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */    Summary: Adding ftolpl parameter
 int mle, weightopt;    Author: N Brouard
 int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */  
 int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */    We had difficulties to get smoothed confidence intervals. It was due
 double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */    to the period prevalence which wasn't computed accurately. The inner
 double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */    parameter ftolpl is now an outer parameter of the .imach parameter
 double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */    file after estepm. If ftolpl is small 1.e-4 and estepm too,
 FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;    computation are long.
 FILE *ficlog;  
 FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;    Revision 1.208  2015/11/17 14:31:57  brouard
 FILE *ficresprobmorprev;    Summary: temporary
 FILE *fichtm; /* Html File */  
 FILE *ficreseij;    Revision 1.207  2015/10/27 17:36:57  brouard
 char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];    *** empty log message ***
 FILE  *ficresvij;  
 char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.206  2015/10/24 07:14:11  brouard
 FILE  *ficresvpl;    *** empty log message ***
 char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];  
 char title[MAXLINE];    Revision 1.205  2015/10/23 15:50:53  brouard
 char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: 0.98r3 some clarification for graphs on likelihood contributions
 char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Revision 1.204  2015/10/01 16:20:26  brouard
 char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: Some new graphs of contribution to likelihood
 char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */  
 char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];    Revision 1.203  2015/09/30 17:45:14  brouard
 char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];    Summary: looking at better estimation of the hessian
 char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];  
     Also a better criteria for convergence to the period prevalence And
 char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];    therefore adding the number of years needed to converge. (The
     prevalence in any alive state shold sum to one
 #define NR_END 1  
 #define FREE_ARG char*    Revision 1.202  2015/09/22 19:45:16  brouard
 #define FTOL 1.0e-10    Summary: Adding some overall graph on contribution to likelihood. Might change
   
 #define NRANSI    Revision 1.201  2015/09/15 17:34:58  brouard
 #define ITMAX 200    Summary: 0.98r0
   
 #define TOL 2.0e-4    - Some new graphs like suvival functions
     - Some bugs fixed like model=1+age+V2.
 #define CGOLD 0.3819660  
 #define ZEPS 1.0e-10    Revision 1.200  2015/09/09 16:53:55  brouard
 #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d);    Summary: Big bug thanks to Flavia
   
 #define GOLD 1.618034    Even model=1+age+V2. did not work anymore
 #define GLIMIT 100.0  
 #define TINY 1.0e-20    Revision 1.199  2015/09/07 14:09:23  brouard
     Summary: 0.98q6 changing default small png format for graph to vectorized svg.
 static double maxarg1,maxarg2;  
 #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Revision 1.198  2015/09/03 07:14:39  brouard
 #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))    Summary: 0.98q5 Flavia
    
 #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))    Revision 1.197  2015/09/01 18:24:39  brouard
 #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)    *** empty log message ***
   
 static double sqrarg;    Revision 1.196  2015/08/18 23:17:52  brouard
 #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)    Summary: 0.98q5
 #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}  
     Revision 1.195  2015/08/18 16:28:39  brouard
 int imx;    Summary: Adding a hack for testing purpose
 int stepm;  
 /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/    After reading the title, ftol and model lines, if the comment line has
     a q, starting with #q, the answer at the end of the run is quit. It
 int estepm;    permits to run test files in batch with ctest. The former workaround was
 /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/    $ echo q | imach foo.imach
   
 int m,nb;    Revision 1.194  2015/08/18 13:32:00  brouard
 int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage;    Summary:  Adding error when the covariance matrix doesn't contain the exact number of lines required by the model line.
 double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;  
 double **pmmij, ***probs, ***mobaverage;    Revision 1.193  2015/08/04 07:17:42  brouard
 double dateintmean=0;    Summary: 0.98q4
   
 double *weight;    Revision 1.192  2015/07/16 16:49:02  brouard
 int **s; /* Status */    Summary: Fixing some outputs
 double *agedc, **covar, idx;  
 int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;    Revision 1.191  2015/07/14 10:00:33  brouard
     Summary: Some fixes
 double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */  
 double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */    Revision 1.190  2015/05/05 08:51:13  brouard
     Summary: Adding digits in output parameters (7 digits instead of 6)
 /**************** split *************************/  
 static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )    Fix 1+age+.
 {  
    char *s;                             /* pointer */    Revision 1.189  2015/04/30 14:45:16  brouard
    int  l1, l2;                         /* length counters */    Summary: 0.98q2
   
    l1 = strlen( path );                 /* length of path */    Revision 1.188  2015/04/30 08:27:53  brouard
    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );    *** empty log message ***
    s= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */  
    if ( s == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */    Revision 1.187  2015/04/29 09:11:15  brouard
      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)    *** empty log message ***
        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/  
 #if     defined(__bsd__)                /* get current working directory */    Revision 1.186  2015/04/23 12:01:52  brouard
       extern char       *getwd( );    Summary: V1*age is working now, version 0.98q1
   
       if ( getwd( dirc ) == NULL ) {    Some codes had been disabled in order to simplify and Vn*age was
 #else    working in the optimization phase, ie, giving correct MLE parameters,
       extern char       *getcwd( );    but, as usual, outputs were not correct and program core dumped.
   
       if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {    Revision 1.185  2015/03/11 13:26:42  brouard
 #endif    Summary: Inclusion of compile and links command line for Intel Compiler
          return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );  
       }    Revision 1.184  2015/03/11 11:52:39  brouard
       strcpy( name, path );             /* we've got it */    Summary: Back from Windows 8. Intel Compiler
    } else {                             /* strip direcotry from path */  
       s++;                              /* after this, the filename */    Revision 1.183  2015/03/10 20:34:32  brouard
       l2 = strlen( s );                 /* length of filename */    Summary: 0.98q0, trying with directest, mnbrak fixed
       if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );  
       strcpy( name, s );                /* save file name */    We use directest instead of original Powell test; probably no
       strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );   /* now the directory */    incidence on the results, but better justifications;
       dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                  /* add zero */    We fixed Numerical Recipes mnbrak routine which was wrong and gave
    }    wrong results.
    l1 = strlen( dirc );                 /* length of directory */  
 #ifdef windows    Revision 1.182  2015/02/12 08:19:57  brouard
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }    Summary: Trying to keep directest which seems simpler and more general
 #else    Author: Nicolas Brouard
    if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }  
 #endif    Revision 1.181  2015/02/11 23:22:24  brouard
    s = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */    Summary: Comments on Powell added
    s++;  
    strcpy(ext,s);                       /* save extension */    Author:
    l1= strlen( name);  
    l2= strlen( s)+1;    Revision 1.180  2015/02/11 17:33:45  brouard
    strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);    Summary: Finishing move from main to function (hpijx and prevalence_limit)
    finame[l1-l2]= 0;  
    return( 0 );                         /* we're done */    Revision 1.179  2015/01/04 09:57:06  brouard
 }    Summary: back to OS/X
   
     Revision 1.178  2015/01/04 09:35:48  brouard
 /******************************************/    *** empty log message ***
   
 void replace(char *s, char*t)    Revision 1.177  2015/01/03 18:40:56  brouard
 {    Summary: Still testing ilc32 on OSX
   int i;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.176  2015/01/03 16:45:04  brouard
   i=0;    *** empty log message ***
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Revision 1.175  2015/01/03 16:33:42  brouard
     (s[i] = t[i]);    *** empty log message ***
     if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';  
   }    Revision 1.174  2015/01/03 16:15:49  brouard
 }    Summary: Still in cross-compilation
   
 int nbocc(char *s, char occ)    Revision 1.173  2015/01/03 12:06:26  brouard
 {    Summary: trying to detect cross-compilation
   int i,j=0;  
   int lg=20;    Revision 1.172  2014/12/27 12:07:47  brouard
   i=0;    Summary: Back from Visual Studio and Intel, options for compiling for Windows XP
   lg=strlen(s);  
   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {    Revision 1.171  2014/12/23 13:26:59  brouard
   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;    Summary: Back from Visual C
   }  
   return j;    Still problem with utsname.h on Windows
 }  
     Revision 1.170  2014/12/23 11:17:12  brouard
 void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)    Summary: Cleaning some \%% back to %%
 {  
   /* cuts string t into u and v where u is ended by char occ excluding it    The escape was mandatory for a specific compiler (which one?), but too many warnings.
      and v is after occ excluding it too : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",2)  
      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */    Revision 1.169  2014/12/22 23:08:31  brouard
   int i,lg,j,p=0;    Summary: 0.98p
   i=0;  
   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {    Outputs some informations on compiler used, OS etc. Testing on different platforms.
     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;  
   }    Revision 1.168  2014/12/22 15:17:42  brouard
     Summary: update
   lg=strlen(t);  
   for(j=0; j<p; j++) {    Revision 1.167  2014/12/22 13:50:56  brouard
     (u[j] = t[j]);    Summary: Testing uname and compiler version and if compiled 32 or 64
   }  
      u[p]='\0';    Testing on Linux 64
   
    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {    Revision 1.166  2014/12/22 11:40:47  brouard
     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);    *** empty log message ***
   }  
 }    Revision 1.165  2014/12/16 11:20:36  brouard
     Summary: After compiling on Visual C
 /********************** nrerror ********************/  
     * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
 void nrerror(char error_text[])  
 {    Revision 1.164  2014/12/16 10:52:11  brouard
   fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");    Summary: Merging with Visual C after suppressing some warnings for unused variables. Also fixing Saito's bug 0.98Xn
   fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);  
   exit(1);    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
 }  
 /*********************** vector *******************/    Revision 1.163  2014/12/16 10:30:11  brouard
 double *vector(int nl, int nh)    * imach.c (Module): Merging 1.61 to 1.162
 {  
   double *v;    Revision 1.162  2014/09/25 11:43:39  brouard
   v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Summary: temporary backup 0.99!
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");  
   return v-nl+NR_END;    Revision 1.1  2014/09/16 11:06:58  brouard
 }    Summary: With some code (wrong) for nlopt
   
 /************************ free vector ******************/    Author:
 void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)  
 {    Revision 1.161  2014/09/15 20:41:41  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));    Summary: Problem with macro SQR on Intel compiler
 }  
     Revision 1.160  2014/09/02 09:24:05  brouard
 /************************ivector *******************************/    *** empty log message ***
 int *ivector(long nl,long nh)  
 {    Revision 1.159  2014/09/01 10:34:10  brouard
   int *v;    Summary: WIN32
   v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    Author: Brouard
   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");  
   return v-nl+NR_END;    Revision 1.158  2014/08/27 17:11:51  brouard
 }    *** empty log message ***
   
 /******************free ivector **************************/    Revision 1.157  2014/08/27 16:26:55  brouard
 void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)    Summary: Preparing windows Visual studio version
 {    Author: Brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));  
 }    In order to compile on Visual studio, time.h is now correct and time_t
     and tm struct should be used. difftime should be used but sometimes I
 /******************* imatrix *******************************/    just make the differences in raw time format (time(&now).
 int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    Trying to suppress #ifdef LINUX
      /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */    Add xdg-open for __linux in order to open default browser.
 {  
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1;    Revision 1.156  2014/08/25 20:10:10  brouard
   int **m;    *** empty log message ***
    
   /* allocate pointers to rows */    Revision 1.155  2014/08/25 18:32:34  brouard
   m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*)));    Summary: New compile, minor changes
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Author: Brouard
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;    Revision 1.154  2014/06/20 17:32:08  brouard
      Summary: Outputs now all graphs of convergence to period prevalence
    
   /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */    Revision 1.153  2014/06/20 16:45:46  brouard
   m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));    Summary: If 3 live state, convergence to period prevalence on same graph
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    Author: Brouard
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Revision 1.152  2014/06/18 17:54:09  brouard
      Summary: open browser, use gnuplot on same dir than imach if not found in the path
   for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;  
      Revision 1.151  2014/06/18 16:43:30  brouard
   /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */    *** empty log message ***
   return m;  
 }    Revision 1.150  2014/06/18 16:42:35  brouard
     Summary: If gnuplot is not in the path try on same directory than imach binary (OSX)
 /****************** free_imatrix *************************/    Author: brouard
 void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)  
       int **m;    Revision 1.149  2014/06/18 15:51:14  brouard
       long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl;    Summary: Some fixes in parameter files errors
      /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */    Author: Nicolas Brouard
 {  
   free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Revision 1.148  2014/06/17 17:38:48  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END));    Summary: Nothing new
 }    Author: Brouard
   
 /******************* matrix *******************************/    Just a new packaging for OS/X version 0.98nS
 double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)  
 {    Revision 1.147  2014/06/16 10:33:11  brouard
   long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;    *** empty log message ***
   double **m;  
     Revision 1.146  2014/06/16 10:20:28  brouard
   m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    Summary: Merge
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");    Author: Brouard
   m += NR_END;  
   m -= nrl;    Merge, before building revised version.
   
   m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Revision 1.145  2014/06/10 21:23:15  brouard
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    Summary: Debugging with valgrind
   m[nrl] += NR_END;    Author: Nicolas Brouard
   m[nrl] -= ncl;  
     Lot of changes in order to output the results with some covariates
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    After the Edimburgh REVES conference 2014, it seems mandatory to
   return m;    improve the code.
 }    No more memory valgrind error but a lot has to be done in order to
     continue the work of splitting the code into subroutines.
 /*************************free matrix ************************/    Also, decodemodel has been improved. Tricode is still not
 void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)    optimal. nbcode should be improved. Documentation has been added in
 {    the source code.
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    Revision 1.143  2014/01/26 09:45:38  brouard
 }    Summary: Version 0.98nR (to be improved, but gives same optimization results as 0.98k. Nice, promising
   
 /******************* ma3x *******************************/    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
 double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)    (Module): Version 0.98nR Running ok, but output format still only works for three covariates.
 {  
   long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;    Revision 1.142  2014/01/26 03:57:36  brouard
   double ***m;    Summary: gnuplot changed plot w l 1 has to be changed to plot w l lt 2
   
   m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
   if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");  
   m += NR_END;    Revision 1.141  2014/01/26 02:42:01  brouard
   m -= nrl;    * imach.c (Module): Trying to merge old staffs together while being at Tokyo. Not tested...
   
   m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Revision 1.140  2011/09/02 10:37:54  brouard
   if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");    Summary: times.h is ok with mingw32 now.
   m[nrl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl] -= ncl;    Revision 1.139  2010/06/14 07:50:17  brouard
     After the theft of my laptop, I probably lost some lines of codes which were not uploaded to the CVS tree.
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;    I remember having already fixed agemin agemax which are pointers now but not cvs saved.
   
   m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));    Revision 1.138  2010/04/30 18:19:40  brouard
   if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");    *** empty log message ***
   m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;  
   m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;    Revision 1.137  2010/04/29 18:11:38  brouard
   for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    (Module): Checking covariates for more complex models
     m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;    than V1+V2. A lot of change to be done. Unstable.
    
   for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {    Revision 1.136  2010/04/26 20:30:53  brouard
     m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;    (Module): merging some libgsl code. Fixing computation
     for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)    of likelione (using inter/intrapolation if mle = 0) in order to
       m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;    get same likelihood as if mle=1.
   }    Some cleaning of code and comments added.
   return m;  
 }    Revision 1.135  2009/10/29 15:33:14  brouard
     (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
 /*************************free ma3x ************************/  
 void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)    Revision 1.134  2009/10/29 13:18:53  brouard
 {    (Module): Now imach stops if date of birth, at least year of birth, is not given. Some cleaning of the code.
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));  
   free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));    Revision 1.133  2009/07/06 10:21:25  brouard
   free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));    just nforces
 }  
     Revision 1.132  2009/07/06 08:22:05  brouard
 /***************** f1dim *************************/    Many tings
 extern int ncom;  
 extern double *pcom,*xicom;    Revision 1.131  2009/06/20 16:22:47  brouard
 extern double (*nrfunc)(double []);    Some dimensions resccaled
    
 double f1dim(double x)    Revision 1.130  2009/05/26 06:44:34  brouard
 {    (Module): Max Covariate is now set to 20 instead of 8. A
   int j;    lot of cleaning with variables initialized to 0. Trying to make
   double f;    V2+V3*age+V1+V4 strb=V3*age+V1+V4 working better.
   double *xt;  
      Revision 1.129  2007/08/31 13:49:27  lievre
   xt=vector(1,ncom);    Modification of the way of exiting when the covariate is not binary in order to see on the window the error message before exiting
   for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j];  
   f=(*nrfunc)(xt);    Revision 1.128  2006/06/30 13:02:05  brouard
   free_vector(xt,1,ncom);    (Module): Clarifications on computing e.j
   return f;  
 }    Revision 1.127  2006/04/28 18:11:50  brouard
     (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
 /*****************brent *************************/    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
 double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin)    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
 {    (Module): In order to speed up (in case of numerous covariates) we
   int iter;    compute health expectancies (without variances) in a first step
   double a,b,d,etemp;    and then all the health expectancies with variances or standard
   double fu,fv,fw,fx;    deviation (needs data from the Hessian matrices) which slows the
   double ftemp;    computation.
   double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm;    In the future we should be able to stop the program is only health
   double e=0.0;    expectancies and graph are needed without standard deviations.
    
   a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx);    Revision 1.126  2006/04/28 17:23:28  brouard
   b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx);    (Module): Yes the sum of survivors was wrong since
   x=w=v=bx;    imach-114 because nhstepm was no more computed in the age
   fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x);    loop. Now we define nhstepma in the age loop.
   for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) {    Version 0.98h
     xm=0.5*(a+b);  
     tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);    Revision 1.125  2006/04/04 15:20:31  lievre
     /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/    Errors in calculation of health expectancies. Age was not initialized.
     printf(".");fflush(stdout);    Forecasting file added.
     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);  
 #ifdef DEBUG    Revision 1.124  2006/03/22 17:13:53  lievre
     printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    Parameters are printed with %lf instead of %f (more numbers after the comma).
     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);    The log-likelihood is printed in the log file
     /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */  
 #endif    Revision 1.123  2006/03/20 10:52:43  brouard
     if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){    * imach.c (Module): <title> changed, corresponds to .htm file
       *xmin=x;    name. <head> headers where missing.
       return fx;  
     }    * imach.c (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
     ftemp=fu;    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
     if (fabs(e) > tol1) {    otherwise the weight is truncated).
       r=(x-w)*(fx-fv);    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
       q=(x-v)*(fx-fw);    1.
       p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r;    Version 0.98g
       q=2.0*(q-r);  
       if (q > 0.0) p = -p;    Revision 1.122  2006/03/20 09:45:41  brouard
       q=fabs(q);    (Module): Weights can have a decimal point as for
       etemp=e;    English (a comma might work with a correct LC_NUMERIC environment,
       e=d;    otherwise the weight is truncated).
       if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x))    Modification of warning when the covariates values are not 0 or
         d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    1.
       else {    Version 0.98g
         d=p/q;  
         u=x+d;    Revision 1.121  2006/03/16 17:45:01  lievre
         if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2)    * imach.c (Module): Comments concerning covariates added
           d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x);  
       }    * imach.c (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
     } else {    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
       d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x));    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
     }  
     u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d));    Revision 1.120  2006/03/16 15:10:38  lievre
     fu=(*f)(u);    (Module): refinements in the computation of lli if
     if (fu <= fx) {    status=-2 in order to have more reliable computation if stepm is
       if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x;    not 1 month. Version 0.98f
       SHFT(v,w,x,u)  
         SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu)    Revision 1.119  2006/03/15 17:42:26  brouard
         } else {    (Module): Bug if status = -2, the loglikelihood was
           if (u < x) a=u; else b=u;    computed as likelihood omitting the logarithm. Version O.98e
           if (fu <= fw || w == x) {  
             v=w;    Revision 1.118  2006/03/14 18:20:07  brouard
             w=u;    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
             fv=fw;    table of variances if popbased=1 .
             fw=fu;    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
           } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) {    (Module): Function pstamp added
             v=u;    (Module): Version 0.98d
             fv=fu;  
           }    Revision 1.117  2006/03/14 17:16:22  brouard
         }    (Module): varevsij Comments added explaining the second
   }    table of variances if popbased=1 .
   nrerror("Too many iterations in brent");    (Module): Covariances of eij, ekl added, graphs fixed, new html link.
   *xmin=x;    (Module): Function pstamp added
   return fx;    (Module): Version 0.98d
 }  
     Revision 1.116  2006/03/06 10:29:27  brouard
 /****************** mnbrak ***********************/    (Module): Variance-covariance wrong links and
     varian-covariance of ej. is needed (Saito).
 void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc,  
             double (*func)(double))    Revision 1.115  2006/02/27 12:17:45  brouard
 {    (Module): One freematrix added in mlikeli! 0.98c
   double ulim,u,r,q, dum;  
   double fu;    Revision 1.114  2006/02/26 12:57:58  brouard
      (Module): Some improvements in processing parameter
   *fa=(*func)(*ax);    filename with strsep.
   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  
   if (*fb > *fa) {    Revision 1.113  2006/02/24 14:20:24  brouard
     SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum)    (Module): Memory leaks checks with valgrind and:
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum)    datafile was not closed, some imatrix were not freed and on matrix
       }    allocation too.
   *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax);  
   *fc=(*func)(*cx);    Revision 1.112  2006/01/30 09:55:26  brouard
   while (*fb > *fc) {    (Module): Back to gnuplot.exe instead of wgnuplot.exe
     r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc);  
     q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa);    Revision 1.111  2006/01/25 20:38:18  brouard
     u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
       (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r));    (Module): Comments can be added in data file. Missing date values
     ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx);    can be a simple dot '.'.
     if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) {  
       fu=(*func)(u);    Revision 1.110  2006/01/25 00:51:50  brouard
     } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) {    (Module): Lots of cleaning and bugs added (Gompertz)
       fu=(*func)(u);  
       if (fu < *fc) {    Revision 1.109  2006/01/24 19:37:15  brouard
         SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx))    (Module): Comments (lines starting with a #) are allowed in data.
           SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u))  
           }    Revision 1.108  2006/01/19 18:05:42  lievre
     } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) {    Gnuplot problem appeared...
       u=ulim;    To be fixed
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     } else {    Revision 1.107  2006/01/19 16:20:37  brouard
       u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx);    Test existence of gnuplot in imach path
       fu=(*func)(u);  
     }    Revision 1.106  2006/01/19 13:24:36  brouard
     SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u)    Some cleaning and links added in html output
       SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu)  
       }    Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
 }    *** empty log message ***
   
 /*************** linmin ************************/    Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
     (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
 int ncom;    (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
 double *pcom,*xicom;    that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
 double (*nrfunc)(double []);    (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
      contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
 void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []))    health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
 {    the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
   double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx,  
                double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin);    Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
   double f1dim(double x);    (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
   void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb,  
               double *fc, double (*func)(double));    Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
   int j;    Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
   double xx,xmin,bx,ax;  
   double fx,fb,fa;    Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
      Fix on curr_time
   ncom=n;  
   pcom=vector(1,n);    Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
   xicom=vector(1,n);    Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
   nrfunc=func;  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
     pcom[j]=p[j];    *** empty log message ***
     xicom[j]=xi[j];  
   }    Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
   ax=0.0;    New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
   xx=1.0;    directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
   mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);    state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
   *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);    This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
 #ifdef DEBUG    other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
   printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);    from other sources like vital statistic data.
 #endif  
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
     xi[j] *= xmin;  
     p[j] += xi[j];    Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
   }    former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
   free_vector(xicom,1,n);  
   free_vector(pcom,1,n);    The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
 }    the slope with 95% confident intervals.
   
 /*************** powell ************************/    Current limitations:
 void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,    A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
             double (*func)(double []))    model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
 {    B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,  
               double (*func)(double []));    Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
   int i,ibig,j;    Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
   double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;    suppressed.
   double fp,fptt;  
   double *xits;    Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
   pt=vector(1,n);    * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
   ptt=vector(1,n);    rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
   xit=vector(1,n);  
   xits=vector(1,n);    Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
   *fret=(*func)(p);    * imach.c (Repository):
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j];    (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
   for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) {    matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
     fp=(*fret);  
     ibig=0;    Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
     del=0.0;    Just cleaning
     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);    Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
     fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12f",i, p[i]);    (Module): Version 0.96b
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
     for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {    (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];    exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
       fptt=(*fret);  
 #ifdef DEBUG    Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
       printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);    * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);    (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
 #endif    helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
       printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);    is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);    concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
       linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);  
       if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {    Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
         del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
         ibig=i;    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
       }    of the covariance matrix to be input.
 #ifdef DEBUG  
       printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));    (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
         xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);    of the covariance matrix to be input.
         printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);  
         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);    Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
       }    * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {  
         printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);    Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);    Version 0.96
       }  
       printf("\n");    Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
 #endif    routine fileappend.
     }  
     if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {    Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
 #ifdef DEBUG    * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
       int k[2],l;    current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
       k[0]=1;    prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
       k[1]=-1;    was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
       printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));    interview.
       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
         printf(" %.12e",p[j]);    we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);    memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
       }    truncation)
       printf("\n");    (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
       for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {    Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
           ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];    place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
           printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);    parcimony.
         }    Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
         printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));  
         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));    Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
       }    *** empty log message ***
 #endif  
     Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
     Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
       free_vector(xit,1,n);  
       free_vector(xits,1,n);  */
       free_vector(ptt,1,n);  /*
       free_vector(pt,1,n);     Interpolated Markov Chain
       return;  
     }    Short summary of the programme:
     if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations.");    
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies or State-specific
       ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j];    (if states aren't health statuses) Expectancies from
       xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j];    cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: 
       pt[j]=p[j];  
     }    -1- a first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages
     fptt=(*func)(ptt);    are interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in
     if (fptt < fp) {    the case of a health survey which is our main interest)
       t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt);  
       if (t < 0.0) {    -2- at least a second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which
         linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);    measure each change (if any) in individual health status.  Health
         for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {    expectancies are computed from the time spent in each health state
           xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n];    according to a model. More health states you consider, more time is
           xi[j][n]=xit[j];    necessary to reach the Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved
         }    in the model.  The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model
 #ifdef DEBUG    where pij is the probability to be observed in state j at the second
         printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    wave conditional to be observed in state i at the first
         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);    wave. Therefore the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex +
         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){    etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to
           printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);    have a more complex model than "constant and age", you should modify
           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);    the program where the markup *Covariates have to be included here
         }    again* invites you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
         printf("\n");    convergence.
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  
 #endif    The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
       }    multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
     }    identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
   }    intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
 }    account using an interpolation or extrapolation.  
   
 /**** Prevalence limit ****************/    hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
     conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
 double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)    split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
 {    states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
   /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit    semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
      matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */    matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
     and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
   int i, ii,j,k;    hPijx.
   double min, max, maxmin, maxmax,sumnew=0.;  
   double **matprod2();    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX], **pmij();    of the life expectancies. It also computes the period (stable) prevalence.
   double **newm;  
   double agefin, delaymax=50 ; /* Max number of years to converge */  Back prevalence and projections:
   
   for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)   - back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar,
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){     double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double
       oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);     dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int
     }     mobilavproj)
   
    cov[1]=1.;      Computes the back prevalence limit for any combination of
        covariate values k at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar and
  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */      returns it in **bprlim. In the loops,
   for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){  
     newm=savm;     - **bprevalim(**bprlim, ***mobaverage, nlstate, *p, age, **oldm,
     /* Covariates have to be included here again */         **savm, **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
      cov[2]=agefin;  
       - hBijx Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {     Computes for any combination of covariates k and any age between bage and fage 
         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/                          oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
       }  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];     - hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)       Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
        age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/       nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/  
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/       Returns p3mat[i][j][h] after calling
     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);       p3mat[i][j][h]=matprod2(newm,
        bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm,
     savm=oldm;       dsavm,ij),\ 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
     oldm=newm;       oldm);
     maxmax=0.;  
     for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++){  Important routines
       min=1.;  
       max=0.;  - func (or funcone), computes logit (pij) distinguishing
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++) {    o fixed variables (single or product dummies or quantitative);
         sumnew=0;    o varying variables by:
         for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];     (1) wave (single, product dummies, quantitative), 
         prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);     (2) by age (can be month) age (done), age*age (done), age*Vn where Vn can be:
         max=FMAX(max,prlim[i][j]);         % fixed dummy (treated) or quantitative (not done because time-consuming);
         min=FMIN(min,prlim[i][j]);         % varying dummy (not done) or quantitative (not done);
       }  - Tricode which tests the modality of dummy variables (in order to warn with wrong or empty modalities)
       maxmin=max-min;    and returns the number of efficient covariates cptcoveff and modalities nbcode[Tvar[k]][1]= 0 and nbcode[Tvar[k]][2]= 1 usually.
       maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,maxmin);  - printinghtml which outputs results like life expectancy in and from a state for a combination of modalities of dummy variables
     }    o There are 2*cptcoveff combinations of (0,1) for cptcoveff variables. Outputting only combinations with people, éliminating 1 1 if
     if(maxmax < ftolpl){      race White (0 0), Black vs White (1 0), Hispanic (0 1) and 1 1 being meaningless.
       return prlim;  
     }  
   }    
 }    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
              Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
 /*************** transition probabilities ***************/    This software have been partly granted by Euro-REVES, a concerted action
     from the European Union.
 double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
 {    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
   double s1, s2;    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
   /*double t34;*/  
   int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;    Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
     or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){    
     for(j=1; j<i;j++){    **********************************************************************/
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){  /*
         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/    main
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];    read parameterfile
         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    read datafile
       }    concatwav
       ps[i][j]=s2;    freqsummary
       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/    if (mle >= 1)
     }      mlikeli
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    print results files
       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){    if mle==1 
         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];       computes hessian
         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/    read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
       }        begin-prev-date,...
       ps[i][j]=s2;    open gnuplot file
     }    open html file
   }    period (stable) prevalence      | pl_nom    1-1 2-2 etc by covariate
     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/     for age prevalim()             | #****** V1=0  V2=1  V3=1  V4=0 ******
                                     | 65 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 0  0.96326 0.03674
   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){      freexexit2 possible for memory heap.
      s1=0;  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)    h Pij x                         | pij_nom  ficrestpij
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);     # Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j= 1-1 1-2     1-3     2-1     2-2     2-3
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)         1  85   85    1.00000             0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000
       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);         1  85   86    0.68299             0.22291 0.09410 0.71093 0.00000 0.28907
     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);  
     for(j=1; j<i; j++)         1  65   99    0.00364             0.00322 0.99314 0.00350 0.00310 0.99340
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];         1  65  100    0.00214             0.00204 0.99581 0.00206 0.00196 0.99597
     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)    variance of p one-step probabilities varprob  | prob_nom   ficresprob #One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()
       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];     Standard deviation of one-step probabilities | probcor_nom   ficresprobcor #One-step probabilities and correlation matrix
     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */     Matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities |  probcov_nom ficresprobcov #One-step probabilities and covariance matrix
   } /* end i */  
     forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){    health expectancies
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){    Variance-covariance of DFLE
       ps[ii][jj]=0;    prevalence()
       ps[ii][ii]=1;     movingaverage()
     }    varevsij() 
   }    if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
     total life expectancies
     Variance of period (stable) prevalence
   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){   end
     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){  */
      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);  
    }  /* #define DEBUG */
     printf("\n ");  /* #define DEBUGBRENT */
     }  /* #define DEBUGLINMIN */
     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/  /* #define DEBUGHESS */
 /*  #define DEBUGHESSIJ
   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);  /* #define LINMINORIGINAL  /\* Don't use loop on scale in linmin (accepting nan) *\/ */
   goto end;*/  #define POWELL /* Instead of NLOPT */
     return ps;  #define POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST /* Skip test */
 }  /* #define POWELLORIGINAL /\* Don't use Directest to decide new direction but original Powell test *\/ */
   /* #define MNBRAKORIGINAL /\* Don't use mnbrak fix *\/ */
 /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/  
   #include <math.h>
 double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)  #include <stdio.h>
 {  #include <stdlib.h>
   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times  #include <string.h>
      b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */  #include <ctype.h>
   /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized  
      before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns  #ifdef _WIN32
      a pointer to pointers identical to out */  #include <io.h>
   long i, j, k;  #include <windows.h>
   for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)  #include <tchar.h>
     for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++)  #else
       for(j=ncl,out[i][k]=0.; j<=nch; j++)  #include <unistd.h>
         out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];  #endif
   
   return out;  #include <limits.h>
 }  #include <sys/types.h>
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
 /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/  #include <sys/utsname.h> /* Doesn't work on Windows */
   #endif
 double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )  
 {  #include <sys/stat.h>
   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month  #include <errno.h>
      duration (i.e. until  /* extern int errno; */
      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.  
      Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step  /* #ifdef LINUX */
      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).  /* #include <time.h> */
      Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be  /* #include "timeval.h" */
      included manually here.  /* #else */
   /* #include <sys/time.h> */
      */  /* #endif */
   
   int i, j, d, h, k;  #include <time.h>
   double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];  
   double **newm;  #ifdef GSL
   #include <gsl/gsl_errno.h>
   /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */  #include <gsl/gsl_multimin.h>
   for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)  #endif
     for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  
       oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  
       po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  #ifdef NLOPT
     }  #include <nlopt.h>
   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */  typedef struct {
   for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){    double (* function)(double [] );
     for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){  } myfunc_data ;
       newm=savm;  #endif
       /* Covariates have to be included here again */  
       cov[1]=1.;  /* #include <libintl.h> */
       cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;  /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)  #define MAXLINE 1024 /* Was 256. Overflow with 312 with 2 states and 4 covariates. Should be ok */
         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];  
       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)  #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];  /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
   #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
   
       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/  #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
       /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/  #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
       out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  
                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  #define MAXPARM 128 /**< Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
       savm=oldm;  #define NPARMAX 64 /**< (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
       oldm=newm;  
     }  #define NINTERVMAX 8
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of live states (for func) */
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {  #define NDEATHMAX 8 /**< Maximum number of dead states (for func) */
         po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];  #define NCOVMAX 20 /**< Maximum number of covariates, including generated covariates V1*V2 */
         /*printf("i=%d j=%d h=%d po[i][j][h]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);  #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
          */  /*#define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)*/
       }  #define decodtabm(h,k,cptcoveff) (((h-1) >> (k-1)) & 1) +1 
   } /* end h */  #define MAXN 20000
   return po;  #define YEARM 12. /**< Number of months per year */
 }  /* #define AGESUP 130 */
   #define AGESUP 150
   #define AGEMARGE 25 /* Marge for agemin and agemax for(iage=agemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= agemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++) */
 /*************** log-likelihood *************/  #define AGEBASE 40
 double func( double *x)  #define AGEOVERFLOW 1.e20
 {  #define AGEGOMP 10 /**< Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;  #ifdef _WIN32
   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];  #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   double **out;  #define CHARSEPARATOR "\\"
   double sw; /* Sum of weights */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */  #else
   long ipmx;  #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
   /*extern weight */  #define CHARSEPARATOR "/"
   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */  #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/  #endif
   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)  
     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);  /* $Id$ */
   */  /* $State$ */
   cov[1]=1.;  #include "version.h"
   char version[]=__IMACH_VERSION__;
   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;  char copyright[]="February 2016,INED-EUROREVES-Institut de longevite-Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121), Intel Software 2015-2018";
   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){  char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$"; 
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];  char strstart[80];
     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH];
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)  int erreur=0, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  int nagesqr=0, nforce=0; /* nagesqr=1 if model is including age*age, number of forces */
       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  /* Number of covariates model=V2+V1+ V3*age+V2*V4 */
         newm=savm;  int cptcovn=0; /**< cptcovn number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age and age*product) */
         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;  int cptcovt=0; /**< cptcovt number of covariates added in the model (excepting constant and age) */
         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {  int cptcovs=0; /**< cptcovs number of simple covariates in the model V2+V1 =2 */
           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];  int cptcovsnq=0; /**< cptcovsnq number of simple covariates in the model but non quantitative V2+V1 =2 */
         }  int cptcovage=0; /**< Number of covariates with age: V3*age only =1 */
          int cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age */   
         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,  int cptcoveff=0; /* Total number of covariates to vary for printing results */
                      1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));  int ncovf=0; /* Total number of effective fixed covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
         savm=oldm;  int ncovv=0; /* Total number of effective (wave) varying covariates (dummy or quantitative) in the model */
         oldm=newm;  int ncova=0; /* Total number of effective (wave and stepm) varying with age covariates (dummy of quantitative) in the model */
          int nsd=0; /**< Total number of single dummy variables (output) */
          int nsq=0; /**< Total number of single quantitative variables (output) */
       } /* end mult */  int ncoveff=0; /* Total number of effective fixed dummy covariates in the model */
        int nqfveff=0; /**< nqfveff Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);  int ntveff=0; /**< ntveff number of effective time varying variables */
       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/  int nqtveff=0; /**< ntqveff number of effective time varying quantitative variables */
       ipmx +=1;  int cptcov=0; /* Working variable */
       sw += weight[i];  int ncovcombmax=NCOVMAX; /* Maximum calculated number of covariate combination = pow(2, cptcoveff) */
       ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;  int npar=NPARMAX;
     } /* end of wave */  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
   } /* end of individual */  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
   int ncovmodel=0, ncovcol=0;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];  int  nqv=0, ntv=0, nqtv=0;    /* Total number of quantitative variables, time variable (dummy), quantitative and time variable */ 
   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */  int popbased=0;
   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */  
   return -l;  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
 }  int maxwav=0; /* Maxim number of waves */
   int jmin=0, jmax=0; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
   int ijmin=0, ijmax=0; /* Individuals having jmin and jmax */ 
 /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/  int gipmx=0, gsw=0; /* Global variables on the number of contributions 
                      to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
 void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))  int mle=1, weightopt=0;
 {  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
   int i,j, iter;  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
   double **xi,*delti;  int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
   double fret;             * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
   xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  int countcallfunc=0;  /* Count the number of calls to func */
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  int selected(int kvar); /* Is covariate kvar selected for printing results */
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  
       xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);  double jmean=1; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");  double **matprod2(); /* test */
   powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
   double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));  double   **ddnewms, **ddoldms, **ddsavms; /* for freeing later */
   fprintf(ficlog,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  
   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));  /*FILE *fic ; */ /* Used in readdata only */
   FILE *ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres, *ficresp, *ficresphtm, *ficresphtmfr, *ficrespl, *ficresplb,*ficrespij, *ficrespijb, *ficrest,*ficresf, *ficresfb,*ficrespop;
 }  FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
   int globpr=0; /* Global variable for printing or not */
 /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/  double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
 void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))  long ipmx=0; /* Number of contributions */
 {  double sw; /* Sum of weights */
   double  **a,**y,*x,pd;  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
   double **hess;  char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
   int i, j,jk;  FILE *ficresilk;
   int *indx;  FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
   FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);  FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);  FILE *ficreseij;
   void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;  char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
   void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;  FILE *ficresstdeij;
   char fileresstde[FILENAMELENGTH];
   hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  FILE *ficrescveij;
   char filerescve[FILENAMELENGTH];
   printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  FILE  *ficresvij;
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");  char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  FILE  *ficresvpl;
     printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);  char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);  char title[MAXLINE];
     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);  char model[MAXLINE]; /**< The model line */
     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/  char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH],  fileresplb[FILENAMELENGTH];
     /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][i]);*/  char plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH], pplotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
   }  char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH]; 
    char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  int  outcmd=0;
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {  
       if (j>i) {  char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespijb[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
         printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);  char fileresu[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* fileres without r in front */
         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);  char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);  char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];      char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/  char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
       }  
     }  char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
   }  
   printf("\n");  /* struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time; */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  /* struct timezone tzp; */
   /* extern int gettimeofday(); */
   printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  struct tm tml, *gmtime(), *localtime();
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");  
    extern time_t time();
   a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  
   y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);  struct tm start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
   x=vector(1,npar);  time_t  rstart_time, rend_time, rcurr_time, rlast_time, rforecast_time; /* raw time */
   indx=ivector(1,npar);  struct tm tm;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];  char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);  
   char *endptr;
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  long lval;
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  double dval;
     x[j]=1;  
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  #define NR_END 1
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  #define FREE_ARG char*
       matcov[i][j]=x[i];  #define FTOL 1.0e-10
     }  
   }  #define NRANSI 
   #define ITMAX 200 
   printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");  #define TOL 2.0e-4 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  #define CGOLD 0.3819660 
       printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  #define ZEPS 1.0e-10 
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);  #define SHFT(a,b,c,d) (a)=(b);(b)=(c);(c)=(d); 
     }  
     printf("\n");  #define GOLD 1.618034 
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  #define GLIMIT 100.0 
   }  #define TINY 1.0e-20 
   
   /* Recompute Inverse */  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
     for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j];  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
   ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);    
   #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
   /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n");  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
   /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/myutils_8h-source.html */
   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  #define mytinydouble 1.0e-16
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;  /* #define DEQUAL(a,b) (fabs((a)-(b))<mytinydouble) */
     x[j]=1;  /* http://www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~robbers/cmbeasy/doc/html/mynrutils_8h-source.html */
     lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);  /* static double dsqrarg; */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  /* #define DSQR(a) (DEQUAL((dsqrarg=(a)),0.0) ? 0.0 : dsqrarg*dsqrarg) */
       y[i][j]=x[i];  static double sqrarg;
       printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;} 
     }  int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
     printf("\n");  
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  int imx; 
   }  int stepm=1;
   */  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
   
   free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);  int estepm;
   free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);  /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
   free_vector(x,1,npar);  
   free_ivector(indx,1,npar);  int m,nb;
   free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);  long *num;
   int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *cens;
   int *ncodemax;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
 }                     covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
                      undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
 /*************** hessian matrix ****************/  int *ncodemaxwundef;  /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the j th
 double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])                               covariate for which somebody answered including 
 {                               undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
   int i;  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
   int l=1, lmax=20;  double **pmmij, ***probs; /* Global pointer */
   double k1,k2;  double ***mobaverage, ***mobaverages; /* New global variable */
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  double *ageexmed,*agecens;
   double res;  double dateintmean=0;
   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;  
   double fx;  double *weight;
   int k=0,kmax=10;  int **s; /* Status */
   double l1;  double *agedc;
   double  **covar; /**< covar[j,i], value of jth covariate for individual i,
   fx=func(x);                    * covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n); 
   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];                    * cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*age; */
   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  double **coqvar; /* Fixed quantitative covariate iqv */
     l1=pow(10,l);  double ***cotvar; /* Time varying covariate itv */
     delts=delt;  double ***cotqvar; /* Time varying quantitative covariate itqv */
     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){  double  idx; 
       delt = delta*(l1*k);  int **nbcode, *Tvar; /**< model=V2 => Tvar[1]= 2 */
       p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;  /*           V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       k1=func(p2)-fx;  /*k          1  2   3   4     5    6    7     8    9 */
       p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;  /*Tvar[k]=   5  4   3   6     5    2    7     1    1 */
       k2=func(p2)-fx;  /* Tndvar[k]    1   2   3               4          5 */
       /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */  /*TDvar         4   3   6               7          1 */ /* For outputs only; combination of dummies fixed or varying */
       res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by because L and not 2*L */  /* Tns[k]    1  2   2              4               5 */ /* Number of single cova */
        /* TvarsD[k]    1   2                              3 */ /* Number of single dummy cova */
 #ifdef DEBUG  /* TvarsDind    2   3                              9 */ /* position K of single dummy cova */
       printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  /* TvarsQ[k] 1                     2                 */ /* Number of single quantitative cova */
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);  /* TvarsQind 1                     6                 */ /* position K of single quantitative cova */
 #endif  /* Tprod[i]=k           4               7            */
       /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */  /* Tage[i]=k                  5               8      */
       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){  /* */
         k=kmax;  /* Type                    */
       }  /* V         1  2  3  4  5 */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */  /*           F  F  V  V  V */
         k=kmax; l=lmax*10.;  /*           D  Q  D  D  Q */
       }  /*                         */
       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  int *TvarsD;
         delts=delt;  int *TvarsDind;
       }  int *TvarsQ;
     }  int *TvarsQind;
   }  
   delti[theta]=delts;  #define MAXRESULTLINES 10
   return res;  int nresult=0;
    int TKresult[MAXRESULTLINES];
 }  int Tresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
   int Tinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX];/* For dummy variable , value (output) */
 double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)  int Tvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For dummy variable , variable # (output) */
 {  double Tqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
   int i;  double Tqinvresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , value (output) */
   int l=1, l1, lmax=20;  int Tvqresult[MAXRESULTLINES][NCOVMAX]; /* For quantitative variable , variable # (output) */
   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;  
   double p2[NPARMAX+1];  /* int *TDvar; /\**< TDvar[1]=4,  TDvarF[2]=3, TDvar[3]=6  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 *\/ */
   int k;  int *TvarF; /**< TvarF[1]=Tvar[6]=2,  TvarF[2]=Tvar[7]=7, TvarF[3]=Tvar[9]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
   int *TvarFind; /**< TvarFind[1]=6,  TvarFind[2]=7, Tvarind[3]=9  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
   fx=func(x);  int *TvarV; /**< TvarV[1]=Tvar[1]=5, TvarV[2]=Tvar[2]=4  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
   for (k=1; k<=2; k++) {  int *TvarVind; /**< TvarVind[1]=1, TvarVind[2]=2  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];  int *TvarA; /**< TvarA[1]=Tvar[5]=5, TvarA[2]=Tvar[8]=1  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  int *TvarAind; /**< TvarindA[1]=5, TvarAind[2]=8  in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  int *TvarFD; /**< TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     k1=func(p2)-fx;  int *TvarFDind; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
    int *TvarFQ; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k;  int *TvarFQind; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  int *TvarVD; /* TvarVD[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
     k2=func(p2)-fx;  int *TvarVDind; /* TvarVDind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
    int *TvarVQ; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  int *TvarVQind; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k;  
     k3=func(p2)-fx;  int *Tvarsel; /**< Selected covariates for output */
    double *Tvalsel; /**< Selected modality value of covariate for output */
     p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k;  int *Typevar; /**< 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product */
     p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k;  int *Fixed; /** Fixed[k] 0=fixed, 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product */ 
     k4=func(p2)-fx;  int *Dummy; /** Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product */ 
     res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */  int *DummyV; /** Dummy[v] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative */
 #ifdef DEBUG  int *FixedV; /** FixedV[v] 0 fixed, 1 varying */
     printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  int *Tage;
     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);  int anyvaryingduminmodel=0; /**< Any varying dummy in Model=1 yes, 0 no, to avoid a loop on waves in freq */ 
 #endif  int *Tmodelind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
   }  int *TmodelInvind; /** Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9 for V1 position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/ 
   return res;  int *TmodelInvQind; /** Tmodelqind[1]=1 for V5(quantitative varying) position,Tvaraff[1]@9={4, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1  */
 }  int *Ndum; /** Freq of modality (tricode */
   /* int **codtab;*/ /**< codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); */
 /************** Inverse of matrix **************/  int **Tvard;
 void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d)  int *Tprod;/**< Gives the k position of the k1 product */
 {  /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3  */
   int i,imax,j,k;  int *Tposprod; /**< Gives the k1 product from the k position */
   double big,dum,sum,temp;     /* if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2) */
   double *vv;     /* Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5(V3*V2)]=2 (2nd product without age) */
    int cptcovprod, *Tvaraff, *invalidvarcomb;
   vv=vector(1,n);  double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
   *d=1.0;  
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {  #define FD 1; /* Fixed dummy covariate */
     big=0.0;  #define FQ 2; /* Fixed quantitative covariate */
     for (j=1;j<=n;j++)  #define FP 3; /* Fixed product covariate */
       if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp;  #define FPDD 7; /* Fixed product dummy*dummy covariate */
     if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp");  #define FPDQ 8; /* Fixed product dummy*quantitative covariate */
     vv[i]=1.0/big;  #define FPQQ 9; /* Fixed product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
   }  #define VD 10; /* Varying dummy covariate */
   for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {  #define VQ 11; /* Varying quantitative covariate */
     for (i=1;i<j;i++) {  #define VP 12; /* Varying product covariate */
       sum=a[i][j];  #define VPDD 13; /* Varying product dummy*dummy covariate */
       for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  #define VPDQ 14; /* Varying product dummy*quantitative covariate */
       a[i][j]=sum;  #define VPQQ 15; /* Varying product quantitative*quantitative covariate */
     }  #define APFD 16; /* Age product * fixed dummy covariate */
     big=0.0;  #define APFQ 17; /* Age product * fixed quantitative covariate */
     for (i=j;i<=n;i++) {  #define APVD 18; /* Age product * varying dummy covariate */
       sum=a[i][j];  #define APVQ 19; /* Age product * varying quantitative covariate */
       for (k=1;k<j;k++)  
         sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j];  #define FTYPE 1; /* Fixed covariate */
       a[i][j]=sum;  #define VTYPE 2; /* Varying covariate (loop in wave) */
       if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) {  #define ATYPE 2; /* Age product covariate (loop in dh within wave)*/
         big=dum;  
         imax=i;  struct kmodel{
       }          int maintype; /* main type */
     }          int subtype; /* subtype */
     if (j != imax) {  };
       for (k=1;k<=n;k++) {  struct kmodel modell[NCOVMAX];
         dum=a[imax][k];  
         a[imax][k]=a[j][k];  double ftol=FTOL; /**< Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
         a[j][k]=dum;  double ftolhess; /**< Tolerance for computing hessian */
       }  
       *d = -(*d);  /**************** split *************************/
       vv[imax]=vv[j];  static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
     }  {
     indx[j]=imax;    /* From a file name with (full) path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
     if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY;       the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
     if (j != n) {    */ 
       dum=1.0/(a[j][j]);    char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
       for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum;    int   l1=0, l2=0;                             /* length counters */
     }  
   }    l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
   free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */    if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
 ;    ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
 }    if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so determine current directory */
       strcpy( name, path );               /* we got the fullname name because no directory */
 void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[])      /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
 {        printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
   int i,ii=0,ip,j;      /* get current working directory */
   double sum;      /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
    #ifdef WIN32
   for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {      if (_getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
     ip=indx[i];  #else
     sum=b[ip];          if (getcwd(dirc, FILENAME_MAX) == NULL) {
     b[ip]=b[i];  #endif
     if (ii)        return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
       for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      }
     else if (sum) ii=i;      /* got dirc from getcwd*/
     b[i]=sum;      printf(" DIRC = %s \n",dirc);
   }    } else {                              /* strip directory from path */
   for (i=n;i>=1;i--) {      ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
     sum=b[i];      l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
     for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j];      if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
     b[i]=sum/a[i][i];      strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
   }      strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
 }      dirc[l1-l2] = '\0';                 /* add zero */
       printf(" DIRC2 = %s \n",dirc);
 /************ Frequencies ********************/    }
 void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2,double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1,double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2)    /* We add a separator at the end of dirc if not exists */
 {  /* Some frequencies */    l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
      if( dirc[l1-1] != DIRSEPARATOR ){
   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;      dirc[l1] =  DIRSEPARATOR;
   int first;      dirc[l1+1] = 0; 
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */      printf(" DIRC3 = %s \n",dirc);
   double *pp;    }
   double pos, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;    ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
   FILE *ficresp;    if (ss >0){
   char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];      ss++;
        strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);      l1= strlen( name);
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      l2= strlen(ss)+1;
   strcpy(fileresp,"p");      strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
   strcat(fileresp,fileres);      finame[l1-l2]= 0;
   if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {    }
     printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);    return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
     exit(0);  }
   }  
   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  
   j1=0;  /******************************************/
    
   j=cptcoveff;  void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  {
     int i;
   first=1;    int lg=0;
     i=0;
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){    lg=strlen(t);
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
       j1++;      (s[i] = t[i]);
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
         scanf("%d", i);*/    }
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    }
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  char *trimbb(char *out, char *in)
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  { /* Trim multiple blanks in line but keeps first blanks if line starts with blanks */
          char *s;
       dateintsum=0;    s=out;
       k2cpt=0;    while (*in != '\0'){
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      while( *in == ' ' && *(in+1) == ' '){ /* && *(in+1) != '\0'){*/
         bool=1;        in++;
         if  (cptcovn>0) {      }
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)      *out++ = *in++;
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])    }
               bool=0;    *out='\0';
         }    return s;
         if (bool==1) {  }
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){  
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);  /* char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain) */
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {  /* { */
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;  /*   /\* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' *\/ */
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;  /*   char *s, *t; */
               if (m<lastpass) {  /*   t=in;s=out; */
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  /*   while ((*in != *chain) && (*in != '\0')){ */
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
               }  /*   } */
                
               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (agemax+3))) {  /*   /\* *in matches *chain *\/ */
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;  /*   while ((*in++ == *chain++) && (*in != '\0')){ */
                 k2cpt++;  /*     printf("*in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
               }  /*   } */
             }  /*   in--; chain--; */
           }  /*   while ( (*in != '\0')){ */
         }  /*     printf("Bef *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
       }  /*     *out++ = *in++; */
          /*     printf("Aft *in = %c, *out= %c *chain= %c \n", *in, *out, *chain);  */
       fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  /*   } */
   /*   *out='\0'; */
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  /*   out=s; */
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");  /*   return out; */
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  /* } */
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");  char *substrchaine(char *out, char *in, char *chain)
       }  {
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    /* Substract chain 'chain' from 'in', return and output 'out' */
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);    /* in="V1+V1*age+age*age+V2", chain="age*age" */
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");  
          char *strloc;
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  
         if(i==(int)agemax+3){    strcpy (out, in); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");    strloc = strstr(out, chain); /* strloc points to out at age*age+V2 */
         }else{    printf("Bef strloc=%s chain=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, out);
           if(first==1){    if(strloc != NULL){ 
             first=0;      /* will affect out */ /* strloc+strlenc(chain)=+V2 */ /* Will also work in Unicode */
             printf("See log file for details...\n");      memmove(strloc,strloc+strlen(chain), strlen(strloc+strlen(chain))+1);
           }      /* strcpy (strloc, strloc +strlen(chain));*/
           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);    }
         }    printf("Aft strloc=%s chain=%s in=%s out=%s \n", strloc, chain, in, out);
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    return out;
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)  }
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  
         }  
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  char *cutl(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  {
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before FIRST occurence of char 'occ' 
           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){       and alocc starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
             if(first==1){       gives blocc="abcdef" and alocc="ghi2j".
             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns blocc
             }    */
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);    char *s, *t;
           }else{    t=in;s=in;
             if(first==1)    while ((*in != occ) && (*in != '\0')){
               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);      *alocc++ = *in++;
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    }
           }    if( *in == occ){
         }      *(alocc)='\0';
       s=++in;
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    }
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)   
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    if (s == t) {/* occ not found */
         }      *(alocc-(in-s))='\0';
       in=s;
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)    }
           pos += pp[jk];    while ( *in != '\0'){
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){      *blocc++ = *in++;
           if(pos>=1.e-5){    }
             if(first==1)  
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);    *blocc='\0';
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);    return t;
           }else{  }
             if(first==1)  char *cutv(char *blocc, char *alocc, char *in, char occ)
               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);  {
             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);    /* cuts string in into blocc and alocc where blocc ends before LAST occurence of char 'occ' 
           }       and alocc starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(blocc,alocc,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
           if( i <= (int) agemax){       gives blocc="abcdef2ghi" and alocc="j".
             if(pos>=1.e-5){       If occ is not found blocc is null and alocc is equal to in. Returns alocc
               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);    */
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    char *s, *t;
               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/    t=in;s=in;
             }    while (*in != '\0'){
             else      while( *in == occ){
               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);        *blocc++ = *in++;
           }        s=in;
         }      }
              *blocc++ = *in++;
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    }
           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    if (s == t) /* occ not found */
             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {      *(blocc-(in-s))='\0';
             if(first==1)    else
               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);      *(blocc-(in-s)-1)='\0';
               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);    in=s;
             }    while ( *in != '\0'){
         if(i <= (int) agemax)      *alocc++ = *in++;
           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");    }
         if(first==1)  
           printf("Others in log...\n");    *alocc='\0';
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    return s;
       }  }
     }  
   }  int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;  {
      int i,j=0;
   fclose(ficresp);    int lg=20;
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);    i=0;
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);    lg=strlen(s);
      for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
   /* End of Freq */      if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
 }    }
     return j;
 /************ Prevalence ********************/  }
 void prevalence(int agemin, float agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, double calagedate)  
 {  /* Some frequencies */  /* void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ) */
    /* { */
   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;  /*   /\* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before last occurence of char 'occ'  */
   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */  /*      and v starts after last occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2') */
   double *pp;  /*      gives u="abcdef2ghi" and v="j" *\/ */
   double pos, k2;  /*   int i,lg,j,p=0; */
   /*   i=0; */
   pp=vector(1,nlstate);  /*   lg=strlen(t); */
   probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);  /*   for(j=0; j<=lg-1; j++) { */
    /*     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1; */
   freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);  /*   } */
   j1=0;  
    /*   for(j=0; j<p; j++) { */
   j=cptcoveff;  /*     (u[j] = t[j]); */
   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}  /*   } */
    /*      u[p]='\0'; */
   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){  
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  /*    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) { */
       j1++;  /*     if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]); */
        /*   } */
       for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)    /* } */
         for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)    
           for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)  #ifdef _WIN32
             freq[i][jk][m]=0;  char * strsep(char **pp, const char *delim)
        {
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {    char *p, *q;
         bool=1;           
         if  (cptcovn>0) {    if ((p = *pp) == NULL)
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)      return 0;
             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])    if ((q = strpbrk (p, delim)) != NULL)
               bool=0;    {
         }      *pp = q + 1;
         if (bool==1) {      *q = '\0';
           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){    }
             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);    else
             if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {      *pp = 0;
               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;    return p;
               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;  }
               if (m<lastpass) {  #endif
                 if (calagedate>0)  
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agev[m][i]+1-((int)calagedate %12)/12.)] += weight[i];  /********************** nrerror ********************/
                 else  
                   freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];  void nrerror(char error_text[])
                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)(agemax+3)] += weight[i];  {
               }    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
             }    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
           }    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }  }
       }  /*********************** vector *******************/
       for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  {
           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)    double *v;
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];    v=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
         }    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in vector");
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){    return v-nl+NR_END;
           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)  }
             pos += freq[jk][m][i];  
         }  /************************ free vector ******************/
          void free_vector(double*v, int nl, int nh)
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){  {
           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];  }
         }  
          /************************ivector *******************************/
         for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) pos += pp[jk];  int *ivector(long nl,long nh)
          {
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){        int *v;
           if( i <= (int) agemax){    v=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(int)));
             if(pos>=1.e-5){    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
               probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;    return v-nl+NR_END;
             }  }
           }  
         }/* end jk */  /******************free ivector **************************/
       }/* end i */  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long nh)
     } /* end i1 */  {
   } /* end k1 */    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
   }
    
   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);  /************************lvector *******************************/
   free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);  long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
    {
 }  /* End of Freq */    long *v;
     v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
 /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/    if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
     return v-nl+NR_END;
 void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)  }
 {  
   /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.  /******************free lvector **************************/
      Death is a valid wave (if date is known).  void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
      mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i  {
      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
      and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.  }
      */  
   /******************* imatrix *******************************/
   int i, mi, m;  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch) 
   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */ 
      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/  { 
   int first;    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1,ncol=nch-ncl+1; 
   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;    int **m; 
   double sum=0.;    
   first=0;    /* allocate pointers to rows */ 
   jmin=1e+5;    m=(int **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(int*))); 
   jmax=-1;    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()"); 
   jmean=0.;    m += NR_END; 
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){    m -= nrl; 
     mi=0;    
     m=firstpass;    
     while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){    /* allocate rows and set pointers to them */ 
       if(s[m][i]>=1)    m[nrl]=(int *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(int))); 
         mw[++mi][i]=m;    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()"); 
       if(m >=lastpass)    m[nrl] += NR_END; 
         break;    m[nrl] -= ncl; 
       else    
         m++;    for(i=nrl+1;i<=nrh;i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol; 
     }/* end while */    
     if (s[m][i] > nlstate){    /* return pointer to array of pointers to rows */ 
       mi++;     /* Death is another wave */    return m; 
       /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */  } 
          /* Only death is a correct wave */  
       mw[mi][i]=m;  /****************** free_imatrix *************************/
     }  void free_imatrix(m,nrl,nrh,ncl,nch)
         int **m;
     wav[i]=mi;        long nch,ncl,nrh,nrl; 
     if(mi==0){       /* free an int matrix allocated by imatrix() */ 
       if(first==0){  { 
         printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);    free((FREE_ARG) (m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END)); 
         first=1;    free((FREE_ARG) (m+nrl-NR_END)); 
       }  } 
       if(first==1){  
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);  /******************* matrix *******************************/
       }  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
     } /* end mi==0 */  {
   }    long i, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1;
     double **m;
   for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  
     for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){    m=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       if (stepm <=0)    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
         dh[mi][i]=1;    m += NR_END;
       else{    m -= nrl;
         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {  
           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {    m[nrl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
           if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */    m[nrl] += NR_END;
           k=k+1;    m[nrl] -= ncl;
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  
           if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
           sum=sum+j;    return m;
           /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i); */    /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1]) or &(m[1][0])
           }  m[i] = address of ith row of the table. &(m[i]) is its value which is another adress
         }  that of m[i][0]. In order to get the value p m[i][0] but it is unitialized.
         else{     */
           j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));  }
           k=k+1;  
           if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;  /*************************free matrix ************************/
           else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;  void free_matrix(double **m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */  {
           sum=sum+j;    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
         }    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
         jk= j/stepm;  }
         jl= j -jk*stepm;  
         ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;  /******************* ma3x *******************************/
         if(jl <= -ju)  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long nll, long nlh)
           dh[mi][i]=jk;  {
         else    long i, j, nrow=nrh-nrl+1, ncol=nch-ncl+1, nlay=nlh-nll+1;
           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;    double ***m;
         if(dh[mi][i]==0)  
           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */    m=(double ***) malloc((size_t)((nrow+NR_END)*sizeof(double*)));
       }    if (!m) nrerror("allocation failure 1 in matrix()");
     }    m += NR_END;
   }    m -= nrl;
   jmean=sum/k;  
   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    m[nrl]=(double **) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);    if (!m[nrl]) nrerror("allocation failure 2 in matrix()");
  }    m[nrl] += NR_END;
     m[nrl] -= ncl;
 /*********** Tricode ****************************/  
 void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
 {  
   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i;    m[nrl][ncl]=(double *) malloc((size_t)((nrow*ncol*nlay+NR_END)*sizeof(double)));
   int cptcode=0;    if (!m[nrl][ncl]) nrerror("allocation failure 3 in matrix()");
   cptcoveff=0;    m[nrl][ncl] += NR_END;
      m[nrl][ncl] -= nll;
   for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;      m[nrl][j]=m[nrl][j-1]+nlay;
     
   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) {
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {      m[i][ncl]=m[i-1l][ncl]+ncol*nlay;
       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]);      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++) 
       Ndum[ij]++;        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/    }
       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij;    return m; 
     }    /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
              &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {    */
       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++;  }
     }  
     ij=1;  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
   void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch,long nll, long nlh)
   {
     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl][ncl]+ nll-NR_END));
       for (k=0; k<=19; k++) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m[nrl]+ncl-NR_END));
         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;  }
            
           ij++;  /*************** function subdirf ***********/
         }  char *subdirf(char fileres[])
         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;  {
       }      /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
     }    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
   }      strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
     strcat(tmpout,fileres);
  for (k=0; k<19; k++) Ndum[k]=0;    return tmpout;
   }
  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {  
    ij=Tvar[i];  /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
    Ndum[ij]++;  char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
  }  {
     
  ij=1;    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
  for (i=1; i<=10; i++) {    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){    strcat(tmpout,"/");
      Tvaraff[ij]=i;    strcat(tmpout,preop);
      ij++;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
    }    return tmpout;
  }  }
    
  cptcoveff=ij-1;  /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
 }  char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
   {
 /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/    
     /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
 void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov )    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/");
 {    strcat(tmpout,preop);
   /* Health expectancies */    strcat(tmpout,preop2);
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   double age, agelim, hf;    return tmpout;
   double ***p3mat,***varhe;  }
   double **dnewm,**doldm;   
   double *xp;  /*************** function subdirfext ***********/
   double **gp, **gm;  char *subdirfext(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;  {
   int theta;    
     strcpy(tmpout,preop);
   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int) fage);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   xp=vector(1,npar);    strcat(tmpout,postop);
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    return tmpout;
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  }
    
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");  /*************** function subdirfext3 ***********/
   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");  char *subdirfext3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *postop)
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  {
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    
       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);    /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
   fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");    strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
     strcat(tmpout,"/");
   if(estepm < stepm){    strcat(tmpout,preop);
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);    strcat(tmpout,fileres);
   }    strcat(tmpout,postop);
   else  hstepm=estepm;      return tmpout;
   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months  }
    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example   
    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them  char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear  {
    * progression inbetween and thus overestimating or underestimating according    long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we    days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months    sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear    hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise    sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */    minutes = (sec_left) /60;
     sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */    sprintf(ascdiff,"%ld day(s) %ld hour(s) %ld minute(s) %ld second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);  
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.    return ascdiff;
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim  }
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.  
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  /***************** f1dim *************************/
      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */  extern int ncom; 
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  extern double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if   
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same  double f1dim(double x) 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.  { 
   */    int j; 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */    double f;
     double *xt; 
   agelim=AGESUP;   
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */    xt=vector(1,ncom); 
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */    for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]; 
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);    f=(*nrfunc)(xt); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */    free_vector(xt,1,ncom); 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/    return f; 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */  } 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);  /*****************brent *************************/
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, double (*f)(double), double tol,  double *xmin) 
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  {
     /* Given a function f, and given a bracketing triplet of abscissas ax, bx, cx (such that bx is
     /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored     * between ax and cx, and f(bx) is less than both f(ax) and f(cx) ), this routine isolates
        in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */     * the minimum to a fractional precision of about tol using Brent’s method. The abscissa of
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);       * the minimum is returned as xmin, and the minimum function value is returned as brent , the
       * returned function value. 
     */
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */    int iter; 
     double a,b,d,etemp;
     /* Computing Variances of health expectancies */    double fu=0,fv,fw,fx;
     double ftemp=0.;
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){    double p,q,r,tol1,tol2,u,v,w,x,xm; 
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){    double e=0.0; 
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);   
       }    a=(ax < cx ? ax : cx); 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);      b=(ax > cx ? ax : cx); 
      x=w=v=bx; 
       cptj=0;    fw=fv=fx=(*f)(x); 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    for (iter=1;iter<=ITMAX;iter++) { 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){      xm=0.5*(a+b); 
           cptj=cptj+1;      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS); 
           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
           }      fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
         }  #ifdef DEBUGBRENT
       }      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
            fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
            /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)  #endif
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){ 
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);          *xmin=x; 
              return fx; 
       cptj=0;      } 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){      ftemp=fu;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){      if (fabs(e) > tol1) { 
           cptj=cptj+1;        r=(x-w)*(fx-fv); 
           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        q=(x-v)*(fx-fw); 
             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;        p=(x-v)*q-(x-w)*r; 
           }        q=2.0*(q-r); 
         }        if (q > 0.0) p = -p; 
       }        q=fabs(q); 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*2; j++)        etemp=e; 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){        e=d; 
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];        if (fabs(p) >= fabs(0.5*q*etemp) || p <= q*(a-x) || p >= q*(b-x)) 
         }                                  d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
      }        else { 
                                      d=p/q; 
 /* End theta */                                  u=x+d; 
                                   if (u-a < tol2 || b-u < tol2) 
      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);                                          d=SIGN(tol1,xm-x); 
         } 
      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)      } else { 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*2;j++)        d=CGOLD*(e=(x >= xm ? a-x : b-x)); 
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      } 
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];      u=(fabs(d) >= tol1 ? x+d : x+SIGN(tol1,d)); 
            fu=(*f)(u); 
       if (fu <= fx) { 
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)        if (u >= x) a=x; else b=x; 
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)        SHFT(v,w,x,u) 
         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;        SHFT(fv,fw,fx,fu) 
       } else { 
      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);        if (u < x) a=u; else b=u; 
      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);        if (fu <= fw || w == x) { 
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){                                  v=w; 
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){                                  w=u; 
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);                                  fv=fw; 
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar,1,nlstate*2,gradg[k]);                                  fw=fu; 
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*2;i++)        } else if (fu <= fv || v == x || v == w) { 
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*2;j++)                                  v=u; 
             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;                                  fv=fu; 
       }        } 
     }      } 
     /* Computing expectancies */    } 
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    nrerror("Too many iterations in brent"); 
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)    *xmin=x; 
         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){    return fx; 
           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;  } 
            
 /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  /****************** mnbrak ***********************/
   
         }  void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, double *fc, 
               double (*func)(double)) 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );  { /* Given a function func , and given distinct initial points ax and bx , this routine searches in
     cptj=0;  the downhill direction (defined by the function as evaluated at the initial points) and returns
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  new points ax , bx , cx that bracket a minimum of the function. Also returned are the function
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){  values at the three points, fa, fb , and fc such that fa > fb and fb < fc.
         cptj++;     */
         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );    double ulim,u,r,q, dum;
       }    double fu; 
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");  
        double scale=10.;
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);    int iterscale=0;
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2);  
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*2);    *fa=(*func)(*ax); /*  xta[j]=pcom[j]+(*ax)*xicom[j]; fa=f(xta[j])*/
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    *fb=(*func)(*bx); /*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) */
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  
   }  
   printf("\n");    /* while(*fb != *fb){ /\* *ax should be ok, reducing distance to *ax *\/ */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");    /*   printf("Warning mnbrak *fb = %lf, *bx=%lf *ax=%lf *fa==%lf iter=%d\n",*fb, *bx, *ax, *fa, iterscale++); */
     /*   *bx = *ax - (*ax - *bx)/scale; */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);    /*   *fb=(*func)(*bx);  /\*  xtb[j]=pcom[j]+(*bx)*xicom[j]; fb=f(xtb[j]) *\/ */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*2,1,npar);    /* } */
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2);  
   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*2,1,nlstate*2,(int) bage, (int)fage);    if (*fb > *fa) { 
 }      SHFT(dum,*ax,*bx,dum) 
       SHFT(dum,*fb,*fa,dum) 
 /************ Variance ******************/    } 
 void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased)    *cx=(*bx)+GOLD*(*bx-*ax); 
 {    *fc=(*func)(*cx); 
   /* Variance of health expectancies */  #ifdef DEBUG
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/    printf("mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
   /* double **newm;*/    fprintf(ficlog,"mnbrak0 a=%lf *fa=%lf, b=%lf *fb=%lf, c=%lf *fc=%lf\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx, *fc);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;  #endif
   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;    while (*fb > *fc) { /* Declining a,b,c with fa> fb > fc. If fc=inf it exits and if flat fb=fc it exits too.*/
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;      r=(*bx-*ax)*(*fb-*fc); 
   int k, cptcode;      q=(*bx-*cx)*(*fb-*fa); /* What if fa=inf */
   double *xp;      u=(*bx)-((*bx-*cx)*q-(*bx-*ax)*r)/ 
   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */        (2.0*SIGN(FMAX(fabs(q-r),TINY),q-r)); /* Minimum abscissa of a parabolic estimated from (a,fa), (b,fb) and (c,fc). */
   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */      ulim=(*bx)+GLIMIT*(*cx-*bx); /* Maximum abscissa where function should be evaluated */
   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */      if ((*bx-u)*(u-*cx) > 0.0) { /* if u_p is between b and c */
   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */        fu=(*func)(u); 
   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */  #ifdef DEBUG
   double ***p3mat;        /* f(x)=A(x-u)**2+f(u) */
   double age,agelim, hf;        double A, fparabu; 
   int theta;        A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
   char digit[4];        fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
   char digitp[16];        printf("\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
         fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf),  (*u=%.12f, fu=%.12lf, fparabu=%.12f, q=%lf < %lf=r)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc,u,fu, fparabu,q,r);
   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];        /* And thus,it can be that fu > *fc even if fparabu < *fc */
         /* mnbrak (*ax=7.666299858533, *fa=299039.693133272231), (*bx=8.595447774979, *fb=298976.598289369489),
   if(popbased==1)          (*cx=10.098840694817, *fc=298946.631474258087),  (*u=9.852501168332, fu=298948.773013752128, fparabu=298945.434711494134) */
     strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-");        /* In that case, there is no bracket in the output! Routine is wrong with many consequences.*/
   else  #endif 
     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");  #ifdef MNBRAKORIGINAL
   #else
   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");  /*       if (fu > *fc) { */
   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/  /*       printf("mnbrak4  fu > fc \n"); */
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */  /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak4 fu > fc\n"); */
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not */  /* #endif */
   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);  /*      /\* SHFT(u,*cx,*cx,u) /\\* ie a=c, c=u and u=c; in that case, next SHFT(a,b,c,u) will give a=b=b, b=c=u, c=u=c and *\\/  *\/ */
   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {  /*      /\* SHFT(*fa,*fc,fu,*fc) /\\* (b, u, c) is a bracket while test fb > fc will be fu > fc  will exit *\\/ *\/ */
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);  /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);  /*      u = *cx; */
   }  /*      *cx = dum; */
   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);  /*      dum = fu; */
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);  /*      fu = *fc; */
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying during a year and weighted mean w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n");  /*      *fc =dum; */
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);  /*       } else { /\* end *\/ */
   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  /* #ifdef DEBUG */
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);  /*       printf("mnbrak3  fu < fc \n"); */
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /*       fprintf(ficlog, "mnbrak3 fu < fc\n"); */
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);  /* #endif */
   }    /*      dum=u; /\* Shifting c and u *\/ */
   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");  /*      u = *cx; */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {  /*      *cx = dum; */
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  /*      dum = fu; */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);  /*      fu = *fc; */
     exit(0);  /*      *fc =dum; */
   }  /*       } */
   else{  #ifdef DEBUGMNBRAK
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");                   double A, fparabu; 
   }       A= (*fb - *fa)/(*bx-*ax)/(*bx+*ax-2*u);
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {       fparabu= *fa - A*(*ax-u)*(*ax-u);
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);       printf("\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);       fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak35 ax=%lf fa=%lf bx=%lf fb=%lf, u=%lf fp=%lf fu=%lf < or >= fc=%lf cx=%lf, q=%lf < %lf=r \n",*ax, *fa, *bx,*fb,u,fparabu,fu,*fc,*cx,q,r);
     exit(0);  #endif
   }        dum=u; /* Shifting c and u */
   else{        u = *cx;
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing step probabilities of dying and weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");        *cx = dum;
   }        dum = fu;
   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);        fu = *fc;
         *fc =dum;
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");  #endif
   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");      } else if ((*cx-u)*(u-ulim) > 0.0) { /* u is after c but before ulim */
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef DEBUG
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
       fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e%1d, e%1d)",i,j);        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim\n",u,*cx);
   fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");  #endif
         fu=(*func)(u); 
   xp=vector(1,npar);        if (fu < *fc) { 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);  #ifdef DEBUG
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);                                  printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);                            fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf after c=%lf but before ulim=%lf AND fu=%lf < %lf=fc\n",u,*cx,ulim,fu, *fc);
   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #endif
                             SHFT(*bx,*cx,u,*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx)) 
   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);                                  SHFT(*fb,*fc,fu,(*func)(u)) 
   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #ifdef DEBUG
   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);                                          printf("\nmnbrak2 shift GOLD c=%lf",*cx+GOLD*(*cx-*bx));
   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/  #endif
          } 
   if(estepm < stepm){      } else if ((u-ulim)*(ulim-*cx) >= 0.0) { /* u outside ulim (verifying that ulim is beyond c) */
     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);  #ifdef DEBUG
   }        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
   else  hstepm=estepm;          fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf outside ulim=%lf (verifying that ulim is beyond c=%lf)\n",u,ulim,*cx);
   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */  #endif
   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.        u=ulim; 
      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim        fu=(*func)(u); 
      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.      } else { /* u could be left to b (if r > q parabola has a maximum) */
      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size  #ifdef DEBUG
      and note for a fixed period like k years */        printf("\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2  u=%lf could be left to b=%lf (if r=%lf > q=%lf parabola has a maximum)\n",u,*bx,r,q);
      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it  #endif
      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if        u=(*cx)+GOLD*(*cx-*bx); 
      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same        fu=(*func)(u); 
      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.  #ifdef DEBUG
   */        printf("\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */        fprintf(ficlog,"\nmnbrak2 new u=%lf fu=%lf shifted gold left from c=%lf and b=%lf \n",u,fu,*cx,*bx);
   agelim = AGESUP;  #endif
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      } /* end tests */
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      SHFT(*ax,*bx,*cx,u) 
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */      SHFT(*fa,*fb,*fc,fu) 
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  #ifdef DEBUG
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        printf("\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);        fprintf(ficlog, "\nmnbrak2 shift (*ax=%.12f, *fa=%.12lf), (*bx=%.12f, *fb=%.12lf), (*cx=%.12f, *fc=%.12lf)\n",*ax,*fa,*bx,*fb,*cx,*fc);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);  #endif
     } /* end while; ie return (a, b, c, fa, fb, fc) such that a < b < c with f(a) > f(b) and fb < f(c) */
   } 
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){  
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */  /*************** linmin ************************/
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  /* Given an n -dimensional point p[1..n] and an n -dimensional direction xi[1..n] , moves and
       }  resets p to where the function func(p) takes on a minimum along the direction xi from p ,
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    and replaces xi by the actual vector displacement that p was moved. Also returns as fret
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  the value of func at the returned location p . This is actually all accomplished by calling the
   routines mnbrak and brent .*/
       if (popbased==1) {  int ncom; 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  double *pcom,*xicom;
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];  double (*nrfunc)(double []); 
       }   
    #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double [])) 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  #else
           for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,double (*func)(double []), int *flat) 
             gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];  #endif
         }  { 
       }    double brent(double ax, double bx, double cx, 
       /* This for computing forces of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */                 double (*f)(double), double tol, double *xmin); 
       for(j=nlstate+1,gpp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){    double f1dim(double x); 
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    void mnbrak(double *ax, double *bx, double *cx, double *fa, double *fb, 
           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];                double *fc, double (*func)(double)); 
       }        int j; 
       /* end force of mortality */    double xx,xmin,bx,ax; 
     double fx,fb,fa;
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */  
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    #else
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);    double scale=10., axs, xxs; /* Scale added for infinity */
    #endif
       if (popbased==1) {    
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    ncom=n; 
           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    pcom=vector(1,n); 
       }    xicom=vector(1,n); 
     nrfunc=func; 
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      pcom[j]=p[j]; 
           for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)      xicom[j]=xi[j]; /* Former scale xi[j] of currrent direction i */
             gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];    } 
         }  
       }  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
       /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    xx=1.;
       for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  #else
         for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)    axs=0.0;
           gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];    xxs=1.;
       }        do{
       /* end force of mortality */      xx= xxs;
   #endif
       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */      ax=0.;
         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      mnbrak(&ax,&xx,&bx,&fa,&fx,&fb,f1dim);  /* Outputs: xtx[j]=pcom[j]+(*xx)*xicom[j]; fx=f(xtx[j]) */
           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];      /* brackets with inputs ax=0 and xx=1, but points, pcom=p, and directions values, xicom=xi, are sent via f1dim(x) */
         }      /* xt[x,j]=pcom[j]+x*xicom[j]  f(ax) = f(xt(a,j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 0 * xi(j)) and  f(xx) = f(xt(x, j=1,n)) = f(p(j) + 1 * xi(j))   */
       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */      /* Outputs: fa=f(p(j)) and fx=f(p(j) + xxs * xi(j) ) and f(bx)= f(p(j)+ bx* xi(j)) */
         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];      /* Given input ax=axs and xx=xxs, xx might be too far from ax to get a finite f(xx) */
       }      /* Searches on line, outputs (ax, xx, bx) such that fx < min(fa and fb) */
       /* Find a bracket a,x,b in direction n=xi ie xicom, order may change. Scale is [0:xxs*xi[j]] et non plus  [0:xi[j]]*/
     } /* End theta */  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   #else
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */      if (fx != fx){
                           xxs=xxs/scale; /* Trying a smaller xx, closer to initial ax=0 */
     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */                          printf("|");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)                          fprintf(ficlog,"|");
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];                          printf("\nLinmin NAN : input [axs=%lf:xxs=%lf], mnbrak outputs fx=%lf <(fb=%lf and fa=%lf) with xx=%lf in [ax=%lf:bx=%lf] \n",  axs, xxs, fx,fb, fa, xx, ax, bx);
   #endif
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */      }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)    }while(fx != fx && xxs > 1.e-5);
         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];  #endif
     
     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)    printf("\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
       for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)    fprintf(ficlog,"\nLinmin after mnbrak: ax=%12.7f xx=%12.7f bx=%12.7f fa=%12.2f fx=%12.2f fb=%12.2f\n",  ax,xx,bx,fa,fx,fb);
         vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;  #endif
   #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){  #else
       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){          if(fb == fx){ /* Flat function in the direction */
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);                  xmin=xx;
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);      *flat=1;
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          }else{
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)      *flat=0;
             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;  #endif
       }                  /*Flat mnbrak2 shift (*ax=0.000000000000, *fa=51626.272983130431), (*bx=-1.618034000000, *fb=51590.149499362531), (*cx=-4.236068025156, *fc=51590.149499362531) */
     }    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin); /* Giving a bracketting triplet (ax, xx, bx), find a minimum, xmin, according to f1dim, *fret(xmin),*/
     /* fa = f(p[j] + ax * xi[j]), fx = f(p[j] + xx * xi[j]), fb = f(p[j] + bx * xi[j]) */
     /* pptj */    /* fmin = f(p[j] + xmin * xi[j]) */
     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);    /* P+lambda n in that direction (lambdamin), with TOL between abscisses */
     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);    /* f1dim(xmin): for (j=1;j<=ncom;j++) xt[j]=pcom[j]+xmin*xicom[j]; */
     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)  #ifdef DEBUG
       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)    printf("retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];    fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent from bracket (a=%lf fa=%lf, xx=%lf fx=%lf, b=%lf fb=%lf): fret=%lf xmin=%lf\n",ax,fa,xx,fx,bx,fb,*fret,xmin);
     /* end ppptj */  #endif
     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);    #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);  #else
                            }
     if (popbased==1) {  #endif
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
         prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];    printf("linmin end ");
     }    fprintf(ficlog,"linmin end ");
      #endif
     /* This for computing force of mortality (h=1)as a weighted average */    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     for(j=nlstate+1,gmp[j]=0.;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
       for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++)      xi[j] *= xmin; 
         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];  #else
     }      #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
     /* end force of mortality */      if(xxs <1.0)
         printf(" before xi[%d]=%12.8f", j,xi[j]);
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);  #endif
     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      xi[j] *= xmin*xxs; /* xi rescaled by xmin and number of loops: if xmin=-1.237 and xi=(1,0,...,0) xi=(-1.237,0,...,0) */
       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){      if(xxs <1.0)
         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);        printf(" after xi[%d]=%12.8f, xmin=%12.8f, ax=%12.8f, xx=%12.8f, bx=%12.8f, xxs=%12.8f", j,xi[j], xmin, ax, xx, bx,xxs );
       }  #endif
     }  #endif
     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");      p[j] += xi[j]; /* Parameters values are updated accordingly */
     } 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    printf("\n");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){    printf("Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);    fprintf(ficlog,"Comparing last *frec(xmin=%12.8f)=%12.8f from Brent and frec(0.)=%12.8f \n", xmin, *fret, (*func)(p));
       }    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
     fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");      printf(" xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      fprintf(ficlog," xi[%d]= %14.10f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xi[j],j,p[j]);
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);      if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);        printf("\n");
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);      }
   } /* End age */    }
   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #else
   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #endif
   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);    free_vector(xicom,1,n); 
   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/    free_vector(pcom,1,n); 
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");  } 
   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */  
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");  
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  /*************** powell ************************/
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  /*
   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm);  Minimization of a function func of n variables. Input consists of an initial starting point
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",fileresprobmorprev,fileresprobmorprev);  p[1..n] ; an initial matrix xi[1..n][1..n] , whose columns contain the initial set of di-
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);  rections (usually the n unit vectors); and ftol , the fractional tolerance in the function value
   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,digit);  such that failure to decrease by more than this amount on one iteration signals doneness. On
   output, p is set to the best point found, xi is the then-current direction set, fret is the returned
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);  function value at p , and iter is the number of iterations taken. The routine linmin is used.
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);   */
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);  #else
   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);          int *flatdir; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);          int flat=0, flatd=0; /* Function is vanishing in that direction */
   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);  #endif
   fclose(ficgp);  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret, 
   fclose(fichtm);              double (*func)(double [])) 
   { 
 }  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
 /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/                double (*func)(double [])); 
 void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij)  #else 
 {   void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret, 
   /* Variance of prevalence limit */                                                   double (*func)(double []),int *flat); 
   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/  #endif
   double **newm;   int i,ibig,j,jk,k; 
   double **dnewm,**doldm;    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;    double directest;
   int k, cptcode;    double fp,fptt;
   double *xp;    double *xits;
   double *gp, *gm;    int niterf, itmp;
   double **gradg, **trgradg;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   double age,agelim;  #else
   int theta;  
        flatdir=ivector(1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalence's limit\n");    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) flatdir[j]=0; 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");  #endif
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);    pt=vector(1,n); 
   fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");    ptt=vector(1,n); 
     xit=vector(1,n); 
   xp=vector(1,npar);    xits=vector(1,n); 
   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);    *fret=(*func)(p); 
   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) pt[j]=p[j]; 
      rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */    for (*iter=1;;++(*iter)) { 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */      fp=(*fret); /* From former iteration or initial value */
   agelim = AGESUP;      ibig=0; 
   for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */      del=0.0; 
     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */      rlast_time=rcurr_time;
     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;      /* (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */      rcurr_time = time(NULL);  
     gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);      curr_time = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
     gp=vector(1,nlstate);      printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time);fflush(stdout);
     gm=vector(1,nlstate);      fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret,rcurr_time-rlast_time, rcurr_time-rstart_time); fflush(ficlog);
   /*     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec); */
     for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */        fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      }
       }      fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      printf("\n#model=  1      +     age ");
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)      fprintf(ficlog,"\n#model=  1      +     age ");
         gp[i] = prlim[i][i];      if(nagesqr==1){
              printf("  + age*age  ",Tvar[j]);
       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */          fprintf(ficlog,"  + age*age  ",Tvar[j]);
         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);      }
       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);      for(j=1;j <=ncovmodel-2;j++){
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        if(Typevar[j]==0) {
         gm[i] = prlim[i][i];          printf("  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"  +      V%d  ",Tvar[j]);
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)        }else if(Typevar[j]==1) {
         gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];          printf("  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
     } /* End theta */          fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*age ",Tvar[j]);
         }else if(Typevar[j]==2) {
     trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);          printf("  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"  +    V%d*V%d ",Tvard[Tposprod[j]][1],Tvard[Tposprod[j]][2]);
     for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        }
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)      }
         trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];      printf("\n");
   /*     printf("12   47.0114589    0.0154322   33.2424412    0.3279905    2.3731903  */
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)  /* 13  -21.5392400    0.1118147    1.2680506    1.2973408   -1.0663662  */
       varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
     matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);        for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
     for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)          if (k != i) {
       varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
       fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));              printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");              fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
     free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);              fprintf(ficres,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
     free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);              jk++; 
     free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);            }
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);            printf("\n");
   } /* End age */            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);          }
   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);        }
   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);      }
       if(*iter <=3){
 }        tml = *localtime(&rcurr_time);
         strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tml));
 /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/        rforecast_time=rcurr_time; 
 void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax)        itmp = strlen(strcurr);
 {        if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;                                  strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;        printf("\nConsidering the time needed for the last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
   int k=0,l, cptcode;        fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,rcurr_time-rlast_time);
   int first=1, first1;        for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2;                                  rforecast_time=rcurr_time+(niterf-*iter)*(rcurr_time-rlast_time);
   double **dnewm,**doldm;                                  forecast_time = *localtime(&rforecast_time);
   double *xp;                                  strcpy(strfor,asctime(&forecast_time));
   double *gp, *gm;                                  itmp = strlen(strfor);
   double **gradg, **trgradg;                                  if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
   double **mu;                                          strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];                                  printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */                                  fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(rforecast_time-rcurr_time,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
   int theta;        }
   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];      }
   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { /* For each direction i */
   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i]; /* Directions stored from previous iteration with previous scales */
         fptt=(*fret); 
   double ***varpij;  #ifdef DEBUG
         printf("fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");        fprintf(ficlog, "fret=%lf, %lf, %lf \n", *fret, *fret, *fret);
   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);  #endif
   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout); /* print direction (parameter) i */
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
   }        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");  #else
   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* Point p[n]. xit[n] has been loaded for direction i as input.*/
   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {                          flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);  #endif
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);                          /* Outputs are fret(new point p) p is updated and xit rescaled */
   }        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) { /* We are keeping the max gain on each of the n directions */
   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");                                  /* because that direction will be replaced unless the gain del is small */
   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);                                  /* in comparison with the 'probable' gain, mu^2, with the last average direction. */
   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {                                  /* Unless the n directions are conjugate some gain in the determinant may be obtained */
     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);                                  /* with the new direction. */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);                                  del=fabs(fptt-(*fret)); 
   }                                  ibig=i; 
   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);        } 
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);  #ifdef DEBUG
   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);                                  xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
                                    printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");                                  fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");        }
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");        for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");                                  printf(" p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");                                  fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%.12e",j,p[j]);
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");        }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  #endif
     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){      } /* end loop on each direction i */
       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);      /* Convergence test will use last linmin estimation (fret) and compare former iteration (fp) */ 
       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);      /* But p and xit have been updated at the end of linmin, *fret corresponds to new p, xit  */
       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);      /* New value of last point Pn is not computed, P(n-1) */
     }          for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");                                  if(flatdir[j] >0){
   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");                                          printf(" p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");                                          fprintf(ficlog," p(%d)=%lf flat=%d ",j,p[j],flatdir[j]);
   xp=vector(1,npar);                                  }
   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);                                  /* printf("\n"); */
   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));                                  /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);                          }
   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) { /* Did we reach enough precision? */
   first=1;        /* We could compare with a chi^2. chisquare(0.95,ddl=1)=3.84 */
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {        /* By adding age*age in a model, the new -2LL should be lower and the difference follows a */
     printf("Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);        /* a chisquare statistics with 1 degree. To be significant at the 95% level, it should have */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with gnuplot file: %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);        /* decreased of more than 3.84  */
     exit(0);        /* By adding age*age and V1*age the gain (-2LL) should be more than 5.99 (ddl=2) */
   }        /* By using V1+V2+V3, the gain should be  7.82, compared with basic 1+age. */
   else{        /* By adding 10 parameters more the gain should be 18.31 */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");                          
   }        /* Starting the program with initial values given by a former maximization will simply change */
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL) {        /* the scales of the directions and the directions, because the are reset to canonical directions */
     printf("Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);        /* Thus the first calls to linmin will give new points and better maximizations until fp-(*fret) is */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with html file: %s\n", optionfilehtm);        /* under the tolerance value. If the tolerance is very small 1.e-9, it could last long.  */
     exit(0);  #ifdef DEBUG
   }        int k[2],l;
   else{        k[0]=1;
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");        k[1]=-1;
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
         fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing matrix of variance-covariance of step probabilities</h4></li>\n");        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
     fprintf(fichtm,"\nWe have drawn ellipsoids of confidence around the p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf> to understand the covariance between two incidences. They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> We have drawn x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 where x is the column vector (pij,pkl). It means that if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2X2) matrix would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 standard deviations wide on each axis. <br> When both incidences are correlated we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix and made the appropriate rotation.<br> \n");          fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
         }
   }        printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
          for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
   cov[1]=1;          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
   tj=cptcoveff;            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   j1=0;            fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){          }
     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
       j1++;          fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
              }
       if  (cptcovn>0) {  #endif
         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");  
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#");  #else
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");        free_ivector(flatdir,1,n); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);  #endif
         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#");        free_vector(xit,1,n); 
                free_vector(xits,1,n); 
         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");        free_vector(ptt,1,n); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, "# V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        free_vector(pt,1,n); 
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");        return; 
              } /* enough precision */ 
              if (*iter == ITMAX) nrerror("powell exceeding maximum iterations."); 
         fprintf(fichtm, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { /* Computes the extrapolated point P_0 + 2 (P_n-P_0) */
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);        ptt[j]=2.0*p[j]-pt[j]; 
         fprintf(fichtm, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        xit[j]=p[j]-pt[j]; 
                pt[j]=p[j]; 
         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");          } 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);      fptt=(*func)(ptt); /* f_3 */
         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#");      #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
       }                  if (*iter <=4) {
        #else
       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){  #endif
         cov[2]=age;  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST    /* skips test F3 <F1 */
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {  #else
           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];      if (fptt < fp) { /* If extrapolated point is better, decide if we keep that new direction or not */
         }  #endif
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];        /* (x1 f1=fp), (x2 f2=*fret), (x3 f3=fptt), (xm fm) */
         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)        /* From x1 (P0) distance of x2 is at h and x3 is 2h */
           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];        /* Let f"(x2) be the 2nd derivative equal everywhere.  */
                /* Then the parabolic through (x1,f1), (x2,f2) and (x3,f3) */
         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        /* will reach at f3 = fm + h^2/2 f"m  ; f" = (f1 -2f2 +f3 ) / h**2 */
         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        /* Conditional for using this new direction is that mu^2 = (f1-2f2+f3)^2 /2 < del or directest <0 */
         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        /* also  lamda^2=(f1-f2)^2/mu² is a parasite solution of powell */
         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));        /* For powell, inclusion of this average direction is only if t(del)<0 or del inbetween mu^2 and lambda^2 */
            /* t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*SQR(fp-fptt); */
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){        /*  Even if f3 <f1, directest can be negative and t >0 */
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        /* mu² and del² are equal when f3=f1 */
             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);                          /* f3 < f1 : mu² < del <= lambda^2 both test are equivalent */
                                    /* f3 < f1 : mu² < lambda^2 < del then directtest is negative and powell t is positive */
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);                          /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < mu^2 < del then t is negative and directest >0  */
                                    /* f3 > f1 : lambda² < del < mu^2 then t is positive and directest >0  */
           k=0;  #ifdef NRCORIGINAL
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del)- del*SQR(fp-fptt); /* Original Numerical Recipes in C*/
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){  #else
               k=k+1;        t=2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del); /* Intel compiler doesn't work on one line; bug reported */
               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];        t= t- del*SQR(fp-fptt);
             }  #endif
           }        directest = fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt - 2.0 * del; /* If delta was big enough we change it for a new direction */
            #ifdef DEBUG
           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)        printf("t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf  directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);        fprintf(ficlog,"t1= %.12lf, t2= %.12lf, t=%.12lf directest=%.12lf\n", 2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),del*SQR(fp-fptt),t,directest);
            printf("t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);               (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
           k=0;        fprintf(ficlog,"t3= %.12lf, t4= %.12lf, t3*= %.12lf, t4*= %.12lf\n",SQR(fp-(*fret)-del),SQR(fp-fptt),
           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){               (fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del),(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt));
             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){        printf("tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
               k=k+1;        fprintf(ficlog, "tt= %.12lf, t=%.12lf\n",2.0*(fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt)*(fp-(*fret)-del)*(fp-(*fret)-del)-del*(fp-fptt)*(fp-fptt),t);
               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];  #endif
             }  #ifdef POWELLORIGINAL
           }        if (t < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
        #else
           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)        if (directest*t < 0.0) { /* Contradiction between both tests */
             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];                                    printf("directest= %.12lf (if <0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt,del);
         }          printf("f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
           fprintf(ficlog,"directest= %.12lf (if directest<0 or t<0 we include P0 Pn as new direction), t= %.12lf, f1= %.12lf,f2= %.12lf,f3= %.12lf, del= %.12lf\n",directest, t, fp,(*fret),fptt, del);
         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)          fprintf(ficlog,"f1-2f2+f3= %.12lf, f1-f2-del= %.12lf, f1-f3= %.12lf\n",fp-2.0*(*fret)+fptt, fp -(*fret) -del, fp-fptt);
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)        } 
             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];        if (directest < 0.0) { /* Then we use it for new direction */
          #endif
         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);          printf("Before linmin in direction P%d-P0\n",n);
                  for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);            printf(" Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
                    fprintf(ficlog," Before xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
         k=0;            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){              printf("\n");
           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             k=k+1;            }
             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];          }
           }  #endif
         }  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)  #else
             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];          linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func,&flat); /* computes minimum on the extrapolated direction: changes p and rescales xit.*/
           flatdir[i]=flat; /* Function is vanishing in that direction i */
         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);  #endif
      for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){          
        printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));  #ifdef DEBUGLINMIN
        fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
      }*/            printf("After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
             fprintf(ficlog,"After xit[%d]= %12.7f p[%d]= %12.7f",j,xit[j],j,p[j]);
         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);            if(j % ncovmodel == 0){
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);              printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);              fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)          }
           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));  #endif
         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);            xi[j][ibig]=xi[j][n]; /* Replace direction with biggest decrease by last direction n */
           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);            xi[j][n]=xit[j];      /* and this nth direction by the by the average p_0 p_n */
         }          }
         i=0;  #ifdef LINMINORIGINAL
         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){  #else
           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){          for (j=1, flatd=0;j<=n;j++) {
             i=i++;            if(flatdir[j]>0)
             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);              flatd++;
             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);          }
             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){          if(flatd >0){
               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);            printf("%d flat directions\n",flatd);
               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));            fprintf(ficlog,"%d flat directions\n",flatd);
             }            for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
           }              if(flatdir[j]>0){
         }/* end of loop for state */                printf("%d ",j);
       } /* end of loop for age */                fprintf(ficlog,"%d ",j);
               }
       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */            }
       /*            printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");          }
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");  #endif
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);          printf("Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
       fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);          fprintf(ficlog,"Gaining to use new average direction of P0 P%d instead of biggest increase direction %d :\n",n,ibig);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);          
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);  #ifdef DEBUG
       */          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/          for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
       first1=1;            printf(" %lf",xit[j]);
       for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){            fprintf(ficlog," %lf",xit[j]);
         for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){          }
           if(l1==k1) continue;          printf("\n");
           i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){  #endif
             for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){        } /* end of t or directest negative */
               if(l2==k2) continue;  #ifdef POWELLNOF3INFF1TEST
               j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;  #else
               if(j<=i) continue;        } /* end if (fptt < fp)  */
               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){  #endif
                 if ((int)age %5==0){  #ifdef NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  /* No change in drections until some iterations are done */
                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;      } /*NODIRECTIONCHANGEDUNTILNITER  No change in drections until some iterations are done */
                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;  #else
                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;  #endif
                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;                  } /* loop iteration */ 
                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;  } 
                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */    
                   lc1=(v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));  /**** Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
                   lc2=(v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12));    
                   if(first1==1){    double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij, int nres)
                     first1=0;    {
                     printf("Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\nOthers in log...\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);      /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and for covariate combination ij 
                   }         (and selected quantitative values in nres)
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Var %.4e %.4e cov %.4e Eigen %.3e %.3e\n",v1,v2,cv12,lc1,lc2);         by left multiplying the unit
                   /* Eigen vectors */         matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));    /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
                   v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11);    /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
                   v12=-v21;    /* or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0 */
                   v22=v11;    /* newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor */
                   /*printf(fignu*/    /* Initial matrix pimij */
                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */    /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v21*lc2*sin(t) */    /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
                   if(first==1){    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
                     first=0;    /*
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;set nolabel");     * and after some iteration: */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k2,l2,k1,l1);    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1,optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
                     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);    /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);    /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
                     /*              fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\      
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \    int i, ii,j,k;
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
                     */    /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **pmij(); /* **pmmij is a global variable feeded with oldms etc */
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \    double **newm;
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2));    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
                   }else{    int ncvloop=0;
                     first=0;    
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k2,l2,k1,l1);    min=vector(1,nlstate);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu2,mu1);    max=vector(1,nlstate);
                     /*    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) t \"%d\"",\  
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \          /* Starting with matrix unity */
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),(int) age);    for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
                     */      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(-%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v21,sqrt(lc2), \      }
                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2));    
                   }/* if first */    cov[1]=1.;
                 } /* age mod 5 */    
               } /* end loop age */    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varpijgr%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",optionfilefiname, j1,k2,l2,k1,l1);    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
               first=1;    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
             } /*l12 */      ncvloop++;
           } /* k12 */      newm=savm;
         } /*l1 */      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
       }/* k1 */      cov[2]=agefin;
     } /* loop covariates */      if(nagesqr==1)
     free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
     free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));      for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
     free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
     free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
     free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);        /* printf("prevalim Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
     free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);      }
   }      for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
   free_vector(xp,1,npar);                          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
   fclose(ficresprob);        cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
   fclose(ficresprobcov);        /* printf("prevalim Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
   fclose(ficresprobcor);      }
   fclose(ficgp);      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){  /* For product with age */
   fclose(fichtm);        if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
 }          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
         } else{
           cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
 /******************* Printing html file ***********/        }
 void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \        /* printf("prevalim Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\      }
                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /* For product without age */
                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\        /* printf("prevalim Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \        if(Dummy[Tvard[k][1]==0]){
                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   /*char optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH];*/          }else{
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"a"))==NULL)    {            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqresult[nres][k];
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);          }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);        }else{
   }          if(Dummy[Tvard[k][2]==0]){
             cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)] * Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]];
    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n          }else{
  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][1]]*  Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[k][2]];
  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>\n          }
  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>\n        }
  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months):      }
    <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>\n</li>", \      /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
   jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,fileres,fileres,stepm,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,estepm,fileres,fileres);      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
 fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
       /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
  m=cptcoveff;                  /* age and covariate values of ij are in 'cov' */
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}      out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
       
  jj1=0;      savm=oldm;
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){      oldm=newm;
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){  
      jj1++;      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
      if (cptcovn > 0) {        max[j]=0.;
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");        min[j]=1.;
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)      }
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");        sumnew=0;
      }        for(k=1; k<=ndeath; k++) sumnew+=newm[i][nlstate+k];
      /* Pij */        for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before: pe%s%d1.png<br>          prlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew);
 <img src=\"pe%s%d1.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);              max[j]=FMAX(max[j],prlim[i][j]);
      /* Quasi-incidences */          min[j]=FMIN(min[j],prlim[i][j]);
      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: pe%s%d2.png<br>        }
 <img src=\"pe%s%d2.png\">",stepm,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);      }
        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */  
        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){      maxmax=0.;
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br>      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
 <img src=\"p%s%d%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);        meandiff[j]=(max[j]-min[j])/(max[j]+min[j])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
        }        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[j]);
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {        /* printf(" age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, j, meandiff[j],(int)agefin, j, max[j], j, min[j],maxmax); */
         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d%d.png <br>      } /* j loop */
 <img src=\"exp%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);      *ncvyear= (int)age- (int)agefin;
      }      /* printf("maxmax=%lf maxmin=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, maxmin, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and      if(maxmax < ftolpl){
 health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s%d.png<br>        /* printf("maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%ld, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
 <img src=\"e%s%d.png\">",strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),jj1);        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
    } /* end i1 */        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
  }/* End k1 */        free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");        return prlim;
       }
     } /* age loop */
  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n      /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n    printf("Warning: the stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. \n\
  - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"prob%s\">prob%s</a> <br>\n  Earliest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcov%s\">probcov%s</a> <br>\n    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"probcor%s\">probcor%s</a> <br>\n    free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>\n    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>\n    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br>\n",rfileres,rfileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres, estepm, fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);    
     return prlim; /* should not reach here */
  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n  }
  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n  
  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n  
         <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);   /**** Back Prevalence limit (stable or period prevalence)  ****************/
  else  
    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model);   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
 fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");   /* double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij) */
    double **bprevalim(double **bprlim, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double ftolpl, int *ncvyear, int ij)
  m=cptcoveff;  {
  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x and covariate ij by left multiplying the unit
        matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached with precision ftolpl */
  jj1=0;    /* Wx= Wx-1 Px-1= Wx-2 Px-2 Px-1  = Wx-n Px-n ... Px-2 Px-1 I */
  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){    /* Wx is row vector: population in state 1, population in state 2, population dead */
    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){    /* or prevalence in state 1, prevalence in state 2, 0 */
      jj1++;    /* newm is the matrix after multiplications, its rows are identical at a factor */
      if (cptcovn > 0) {    /* Initial matrix pimij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");    /* {0.85204250825084937, 0.13044499163996345, 0.017512500109187184, */
        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)    /* 0.090851990222114765, 0.88271245433047185, 0.026435555447413338, */
          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");    /*
      }     * and after some iteration: */
      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {    /* {0.45504275246439968, 0.42731458730878791, 0.11764266022681241, */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed and stationary prevalence (with confident    /*  0.45201005341706885, 0.42865420071559901, 0.11933574586733192, */
 interval) in state (%d): v%s%d%d.png <br>    /*  0,                   0                  , 1} */
 <img src=\"v%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,jj1);      /* And prevalence by suppressing the deaths are close to identical rows in prlim: */
      }    /* {0.51571254859325999, 0.4842874514067399, */
    } /* end i1 */    /*  0.51326036147820708, 0.48673963852179264} */
  }/* End k1 */    /* If we start from prlim again, prlim tends to a constant matrix */
  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");  
 fclose(fichtm);    int i, ii,j,k;
 }    double *min, *max, *meandiff, maxmax,sumnew=0.;
     /* double **matprod2(); */ /* test */
 /******************* Gnuplot file **************/    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1], **bmij();
 void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){    double **newm;
     double         **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /* for use */
   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;    double         **oldm, **savm;  /* for use */
   int ng;  
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) {    double agefin, delaymax=200. ; /* 100 Max number of years to converge */
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    int ncvloop=0;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    
   }    min=vector(1,nlstate);
     max=vector(1,nlstate);
 #ifdef windows    meandiff=vector(1,nlstate);
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);  
 #endif          dnewm=ddnewms; doldm=ddoldms; dsavm=ddsavms;
 m=pow(2,cptcoveff);          oldm=oldms; savm=savms;
    
  /* 1eme*/          /* Starting with matrix unity */
   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                  for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
 #ifdef windows      }
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    
      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1);    cov[1]=1.;
 #endif    
 #ifdef unix    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);    /* Start at agefin= age, computes the matrix of passage and loops decreasing agefin until convergence is reached */
 fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,fileres);    /* for(agefin=age+stepm/YEARM; agefin<=age+delaymax; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /\* A changer en age *\/ */
 #endif    for(agefin=age; agefin<AGESUP; agefin=agefin+stepm/YEARM){ /* A changer en age */
       ncvloop++;
 for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      newm=savm; /* oldm should be kept from previous iteration or unity at start */
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                  /* newm points to the allocated table savm passed by the function it can be written, savm could be reallocated */
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
 }      cov[2]=agefin;
     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      if(nagesqr==1)
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {        cov[3]= agefin*agefin;;
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");        /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
 }        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-2*$3) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        /* printf("prevalim ij=%d k=%d Tvar[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])],cov[2+k], ij, k, codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]); */
      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {      }
   if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless */
 }          /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));        cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
 #ifdef unix      
 fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n");      /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
 #endif      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
    }      /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
   }      /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
   /*2 eme*/      /* out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
                   /* ij should be linked to the correct index of cov */
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {                  /* age and covariate values ij are in 'cov', but we need to pass
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),k1);                   * ij for the observed prevalence at age and status and covariate
     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);                   * number:  prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij]
                       */
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, ageminpar, agemaxpar, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       k=2*i;      /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij)); /\* Bug Valgrind *\/ */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij)); /* Bug Valgrind */
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      savm=oldm;
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");      oldm=newm;
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){
 }          max[j]=0.;
       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");        min[j]=1.;
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);      }
     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);      for(j=1; j<=nlstate; j++){ 
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");          /* bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j]/(1-sumnew); */
         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");          bprlim[i][j]= newm[i][j];
 }            max[i]=FMAX(max[i],bprlim[i][j]); /* Max in line */
       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");          min[i]=FMIN(min[i],bprlim[i][j]);
      fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",fileres,k1-1,k1-1);        }
       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {      }
   if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");                  
   else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");      maxmax=0.;
 }        for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");        meandiff[i]=(max[i]-min[i])/(max[i]+min[i])*2.; /* mean difference for each column */
       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");        maxmax=FMAX(maxmax,meandiff[i]);
     }        /* printf("Back age= %d meandiff[%d]=%f, agefin=%d max[%d]=%f min[%d]=%f maxmax=%f\n", (int)age, i, meandiff[i],(int)agefin, i, max[i], i, min[i],maxmax); */
   }      } /* j loop */
        *ncvyear= -( (int)age- (int)agefin);
   /*3eme*/      /* printf("Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear);*/
       if(maxmax < ftolpl){
   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {        /* printf("OK Back maxmax=%lf ncvloop=%d, age=%d, agefin=%d ncvyear=%d \n", maxmax, ncvloop, (int)age, (int)agefin, *ncvyear); */
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {        free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);        free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"exp%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);        free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);        return bprlim;
       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);      }
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");    } /* age loop */
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);      /* After some age loop it doesn't converge */
 fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);    printf("Warning: the back stable prevalence at age %d did not converge with the required precision (%g > ftolpl=%g) within %.0f years. Try to lower 'ftolpl'. \n\
  for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");  Oldest age to start was %d-%d=%d, ncvloop=%d, ncvyear=%d\n", (int)age, maxmax, ftolpl, delaymax, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, *ncvyear);
 fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);    /* Try to lower 'ftol', for example from 1.e-8 to 6.e-9.\n", ftolpl, (int)age, (int)delaymax, (int)agefin, ncvloop, (int)age-(int)agefin); */
     free_vector(min,1,nlstate);
 */    free_vector(max,1,nlstate);
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {    free_vector(meandiff,1,nlstate);
         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);    
     return bprlim; /* should not reach here */
       }  }
     }  
   }  /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
    
   /* CV preval stat */  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {  {
     for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {    /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
       k=3;       computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"p%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,k1);       model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,fileres,k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);       lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
        and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
             Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
       fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",fileres,k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);       Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;    */
         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);    double s1, lnpijopii;
       }    /*double t34;*/
       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);      int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
     }  
   }      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
        for(j=1; j<i;j++){
   /* proba elementaires */        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       if (k != i) {          /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){        }
           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
           jk++;        /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");      }
         }      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       }        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
     }          /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
    }          lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
           /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/        }
      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pe%s%d%d.png\" \n",strtok(optionfile, "."),jk,ng);      }
        if (ng==2)    }
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");    
        else    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");      s1=0;
        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
        i=1;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {        /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
          k3=i;      }
          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
            if (k != k2){        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
              if(ng==2)        /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);      }
              else      /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
              ij=1;      /* Computing other pijs */
              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
                  ij++;        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
                }      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
                else    } /* end i */
                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    
              }    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
                      ps[ii][jj]=0;
              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){          ps[ii][ii]=1;
                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);      }
                ij=1;    }
                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){    
                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {    
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
                    ij++;    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
                  }    /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
                  else    /*   } */
                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);    /*   printf("\n "); */
                }    /* } */
                fprintf(ficgp,")");    /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
              }    /*
              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);      for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");                  goto end;*/
              i=i+ncovmodel;    return ps;
            }  }
          } /* end k */  
        } /* end k2 */  /*************** backward transition probabilities ***************/ 
      } /* end jk */  
    } /* end ng */   /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
    fclose(ficgp);  /* double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, double ***dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
 }  /* end gnuplot */   double **bmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate,  double ***prevacurrent, int ij )
   {
     /* Computes the backward probability at age agefin and covariate ij
 /*************** Moving average **************/     * and returns in **ps as well as **bmij.
 void movingaverage(double agedeb, double fage,double ageminpar, double ***mobaverage){     */
     int i, ii, j,k;
   int i, cpt, cptcod;    
     for (agedeb=ageminpar; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++)    double **out, **pmij();
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double sumnew=0.;
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++)    double agefin;
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb][i][cptcod]=0.;    
        double **dnewm, **dsavm, **doldm;
     for (agedeb=ageminpar+4; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){    double **bbmij;
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){    
         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){    doldm=ddoldms; /* global pointers */
           for (cpt=0;cpt<=4;cpt++){    dnewm=ddnewms;
             mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]+probs[(int)agedeb-cpt][i][cptcod];    dsavm=ddsavms;
           }    
           mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agedeb-2][i][cptcod]/5;    agefin=cov[2];
         }    /* bmij *//* age is cov[2], ij is included in cov, but we need for
       }       the observed prevalence (with this covariate ij) */
     }    dsavm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
        /* We do have the matrix Px in savm  and we need pij */
 }    for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       sumnew=0.; /* w1 p11 + w2 p21 only on live states */
       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate;ii++){
 /************** Forecasting ******************/        sumnew+=dsavm[ii][j]*prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij];
 prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1,double mproj1,double jproj1,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anproj2,double p[], int i2){      } /* sumnew is (N11+N21)/N..= N.1/N.. = sum on i of w_i pij */
        for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;        if(sumnew >= 1.e-10){
   int *popage;          /* if(agefin >= agemaxpar && agefin <= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;          /*      doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;          /* }else if(agefin >= agemaxpar+stepm/YEARM){ */
   double ***p3mat;          /*      doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0); */
   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];          /* }else */
           doldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1./sumnew : 0.0);
  agelim=AGESUP;        }else{
 calagedate=(anproj1+mproj1/12.+jproj1/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;          printf("ii=%d, i=%d, doldm=%lf dsavm=%lf, probs=%lf, sumnew=%lf,agefin=%d\n",ii,j,doldm[ii][j],dsavm[ii][j],prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij],sumnew, (int)agefin);
         }
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);      } /*End ii */
      } /* End j, At the end doldm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
      /* left Product of this diag matrix by dsavm=Px (newm=dsavm*doldm) */
   strcpy(fileresf,"f");    bbmij=matprod2(dnewm, dsavm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, doldm); /* Bug Valgrind */
   strcat(fileresf,fileres);    /* dsavm=doldm; /\* dsavm is now diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] but can be overwritten*\/ */
   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {    /* doldm=dnewm; /\* doldm is now Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] *\/ */
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);    /* dnewm=dsavm; /\* doldm is now Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] *\/ */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);    /* left Product of this matrix by diag matrix of prevalences (savm) */
   }    for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);      for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++){
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);        dsavm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? prevacurrent[(int)agefin][ii][ij] : 0.0);
       }
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;    } /* End j, At the end oldm is diag[1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
     ps=matprod2(doldm, dsavm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, dnewm); /* Bug Valgrind */
   if (mobilav==1) {    /* newm or out is now diag[w_i] * Px * diag [1/(w_1p1i+w_2 p2i)] */
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /* end bmij */
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);    return ps; 
   }  }
   /*************** transition probabilities ***************/ 
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;  
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;  double **bpmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
    {
   agelim=AGESUP;    /* According to parameters values stored in x and the covariate's values stored in cov,
         computes the probability to be observed in state j being in state i by appying the
   hstepm=1;       model to the ncovmodel covariates (including constant and age).
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;       lnpijopii=ln(pij/pii)= aij+bij*age+cij*v1+dij*v2+... = sum_nc=1^ncovmodel xij(nc)*cov[nc]
   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);       and, according on how parameters are entered, the position of the coefficient xij(nc) of the
   anprojmean=yp;       ncth covariate in the global vector x is given by the formula:
   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);       j<i nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel
   mprojmean=yp;       j>=i nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel
   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);       Computes ln(pij/pii) (lnpijopii), deduces pij/pii by exponentiation,
   jprojmean=yp;       sums on j different of i to get 1-pii/pii, deduces pii, and then all pij.
   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;       Outputs ps[i][j] the probability to be observed in j being in j according to
   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;       the values of the covariates cov[nc] and corresponding parameter values x[nc+shiftij]
      */
   fprintf(ficresf,"# Estimated date of observed prevalence: %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean);    double s1, lnpijopii;
      /*double t34;*/
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){    int i,j, nc, ii, jj;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){  
       k=k+1;    for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");      for(j=1; j<i;j++){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);          /*lnpijopii += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
       }          lnpijopii += x[nc+((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+j-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");          /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
       fprintf(ficresf,"# StartingAge FinalAge");        }
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficresf," P.%d",j);        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
              /*        printf("s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e\n",s1,lnpijopii); */
            }
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=(anproj2-anproj1);cpt++) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");        for (nc=1, lnpijopii=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+cpt);            /*lnpijopii += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];*/
           lnpijopii += x[nc + ((i-1)*(nlstate+ndeath-1)+(j-2))*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){          /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, lnpijopii=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,lnpijopii,s1,lnpijopii); */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);        }
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        ps[i][j]=lnpijopii; /* In fact ln(pij/pii) */
                }
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);    }
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
              s1=0;
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){      for(j=1; j<i; j++){
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %.f %.f ",anproj1+cpt,agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);        /*printf("debug1 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
             }      }
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        s1+=exp(ps[i][j]); /* In fact sums pij/pii */
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      /*printf("debug2 %d %d ps=%lf exp(ps)=%lf s1+=%lf\n",i,j,ps[i][j],exp(ps[i][j]),s1); */
                 if (mobilav==1)      }
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];      /* s1= sum_{j<>i} pij/pii=(1-pii)/pii and thus pii is known from s1 */
                 else {      ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];      /* Computing other pijs */
                 }      for(j=1; j<i; j++)
                        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
               }      for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){        ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", kk1);      /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
                            } /* end i */
               }    
             }    for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
           }      for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        ps[ii][jj]=0;
         }        ps[ii][ii]=1;
       }      }
     }    }
   }    /* Added for backcast */ /* Transposed matrix too */
            for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      s1=0.;
       for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   fclose(ficresf);        s1+=ps[ii][jj];
 }      }
 /************** Forecasting ******************/      for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate; ii++){
 populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){        ps[ii][jj]=ps[ii][jj]/s1;
        }
   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;    }
   int *popage;    /* Transposition */
   double calagedate, agelim, kk1, kk2, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;    for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
   double *popeffectif,*popcount;      for(ii=jj; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;        s1=ps[ii][jj];
   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];        ps[ii][jj]=ps[jj][ii];
         ps[jj][ii]=s1;
   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);      }
   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    }
   agelim=AGESUP;    /* for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
   calagedate=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;    /*   for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
      /*    printf(" pmij  ps[%d][%d]=%lf ",ii,jj,ps[ii][jj]); */
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);    /*   } */
      /*   printf("\n "); */
      /* } */
   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");    /* printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
   strcat(filerespop,fileres);    /*
   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {      for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);      goto end;*/
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);    return ps;
   }  }
   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);  
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);  
   /**************** Product of 2 matrices ******************/
   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;  
   double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,int nrl, int nrh, int ncl, int nch, int ncolol, int ncoloh, double **b)
   if (mobilav==1) {  {
     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
     movingaverage(agedeb, fage, ageminpar, mobaverage);       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
   }    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized 
        before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;       a pointer to pointers identical to out */
   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;    int i, j, k;
      for(i=nrl; i<= nrh; i++)
   agelim=AGESUP;      for(k=ncolol; k<=ncoloh; k++){
          out[i][k]=0.;
   hstepm=1;        for(j=ncl; j<=nch; j++)
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;          out[i][k] +=in[i][j]*b[j][k];
        }
   if (popforecast==1) {    return out;
     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {  }
       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);  
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);  
     }  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);  
     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int nres )
     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);  {
        /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' and combination of covariate values corresponding to ij over 
     i=1;         'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying 
           nhstepm*hstepm matrices. 
     imx=i;       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step 
     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big 
   }       for the memory).
        Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be 
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){       included manually here. 
    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){  
       k=k+1;       */
       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");  
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    int i, j, d, h, k;
         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
       }    double **newm;
       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");    double agexact;
       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");    double agebegin, ageend;
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);  
       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
          for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);          oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){      }
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
                for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        newm=savm;
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          cov[1]=1.;
                agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        cov[2]=agexact;
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        if(nagesqr==1)
               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
             }        for (k=1; k<=nsd;k++) { /* For single dummy covariates only */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {                          /* Here comes the value of the covariate 'ij' after renumbering k with single dummy covariates */
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]]=nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                        /* printf("hpxij Dummy combi=%d k=%d TvarsD[%d]=V%d TvarsDind[%d]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtabm(%d,Tvar[%d])=%d \n",ij,k, k, TvarsD[k],k,TvarsDind[k],nbcode[TvarsD[k]][codtabm(ij,k)],cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsDind[k]], ij, k, codtabm(ij,k)); */
                 if (mobilav==1)        }
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];        for (k=1; k<=nsq;k++) { /* For single varying covariates only */
                 else {          /* Here comes the value of quantitative after renumbering k with single quantitative covariates */
                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];          cov[2+nagesqr+TvarsQind[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
                 }          /* printf("hPxij Quantitative k=%d  TvarsQind[%d]=%d, TvarsQ[%d]=V%d,Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",k,k,TvarsQind[k],k,TvarsQ[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
               }        }
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++){
                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;          if(Dummy[Tvar[Tage[k]]]){
                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/          } else{
               }            cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=Tqresult[nres][k]; 
             }          }
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){          /* printf("hPxij Age combi=%d k=%d  Tage[%d]=V%d Tqresult[%d][%d]=%f\n",ij,k,k,Tage[k],nres,k,Tqresult[nres][k]); */
               kk1=0.;        }
                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++){ /*  */
                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];          /* printf("hPxij Prod ij=%d k=%d  Tprod[%d]=%d Tvard[%d][1]=V%d, Tvard[%d][2]=V%d\n",ij,k,k,Tprod[k], k,Tvard[k][1], k,Tvard[k][2]); */
                 }          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)] * nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedate+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];        }
             }        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)  */
         /*        cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
             if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /\* Should start at cptcovn+1 *\/ */
               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2]; */
           }        /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /\* Useless because included in cptcovn *\/ */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        /*        cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)]; */
         }        
       }        
          /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   /******/        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
                           /* right multiplication of oldm by the current matrix */
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, 
         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);                       pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedate %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedate %12)/12.); agedeb--){        /* if((int)age == 70){ */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);        /*        printf(" Forward hpxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
                  /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);          /*          } */
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
             if (h==(int) (calagedate+YEARM*cpt)) {        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
             }        /*          } */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {        /*          printf("\n"); */
               kk1=0.;kk2=0;        /*        } */
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {                      /* } */
                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];            savm=oldm;
               }        oldm=newm;
               if (h==(int)(calagedate+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);      }
             }      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
           }        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);                                  po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
         }                                  /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
       }        }
    }      /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
   }    } /* end h */
            /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
   if (mobilav==1) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    return po;
   }
   if (popforecast==1) {  
     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);  /************* Higher Back Matrix Product ***************/
     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);  /* double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, double **dnewm, double **doldm, double **dsavm, int ij ) */
     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);  double ***hbxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, double ***prevacurrent, int nlstate, int stepm, int ij )
   }  {
   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);    /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);       'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
   fclose(ficrespop);       age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
 }       nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
        Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step
 /***********************************************/       (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big
 /**************** Main Program *****************/       for the memory).
 /***********************************************/       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be
        included manually here.
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
 {    */
   
   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size,cptcode, cptcod;    int i, j, d, h, k;
   double agedeb, agefin,hf;    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;    double **newm;
     double agexact;
   double fret;    double agebegin, ageend;
   double **xi,tmp,delta;    double **oldm, **savm;
   
   double dum; /* Dummy variable */    oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
   double ***p3mat;    /* Hstepm could be zero and should return the unit matrix */
   int *indx;    for (i=1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80],model[80];        oldm[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;        po[i][j][0]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */      }
   int c,  h , cpt,l;    /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
   int ju,jl, mi;    for(h=1; h <=nhstepm; h++){
   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;      for(d=1; d <=hstepm; d++){
   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;        newm=savm;
   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
   int hstepm, nhstepm;        cov[1]=1.;
   double jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,jpyram, mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1, mpyram1,anpyram1, calagedate;        agexact=age-((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /* age just before transition */
         /* agexact=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM; /\* age just before transition *\/ */
   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;        cov[2]=agexact;
   double ftolpl=FTOL;        if(nagesqr==1)
   double **prlim;          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
   double *severity;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++)
   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */          cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   double  *p;        /* cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) /* Should start at cptcovn+1 */
   double ***delti3; /* Scale */          /* cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
   double *delti; /* Scale */          cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
   double ***eij, ***vareij;        /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k]])]*cov[2]; */
   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */        for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++) /* Useless because included in cptcovn */
   double *epj, vepp;          cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
   double kk1, kk2;        /* cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][1])]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,Tvard[k][2])]; */
   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2;                          
                            
         /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
         /* Careful transposed matrix */
         /* age is in cov[2] */
   char z[1]="c", occ;        /* out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent, dnewm, doldm, dsavm,ij),\ */
 #include <sys/time.h>        /*                                                 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm); */
 #include <time.h>        out=matprod2(newm, bmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate,prevacurrent,ij),\
   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];                     1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
          /* if((int)age == 70){ */
   /* long total_usecs;        /*        printf(" Backward hbxij age=%d agexact=%f d=%d nhstepm=%d hstepm=%d\n", (int) age, agexact, d, nhstepm, hstepm); */
   struct timeval start_time, end_time;        /*        for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++) { */
          /*          printf("%d pmmij ",i); */
   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   getcwd(pathcd, size);        /*            printf("%f ",pmmij[i][j]); */
         /*          } */
   printf("\n%s",version);        /*          printf(" oldm "); */
   if(argc <=1){        /*          for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");        /*            printf("%f ",oldm[i][j]); */
     scanf("%s",pathtot);        /*          } */
   }        /*          printf("\n"); */
   else{        /*        } */
     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);        /* } */
   }        savm=oldm;
   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, 80)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/        oldm=newm;
   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);      }
     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/      for(i=1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/        for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
           po[i][j][h]=newm[i][j];
   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);          /*if(h==nhstepm) printf("po[%d][%d][%d]=%f ",i,j,h,po[i][j][h]);*/
    printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);        }
   chdir(path);      /*printf("h=%d ",h);*/
   replace(pathc,path);    } /* end h */
     /*     printf("\n H=%d \n",h); */
 /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/    return po;
   }
   /* Log file */  
   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);  
   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */  #ifdef NLOPT
   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {    double  myfunc(unsigned n, const double *p1, double *grad, void *pd){
     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);    double fret;
     goto end;    double *xt;
   }    int j;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);    myfunc_data *d2 = (myfunc_data *) pd;
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s",version);  /* xt = (p1-1); */
   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: ");    xt=vector(1,n); 
   fprintf(ficlog,"pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s optionfilext=%s optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++)   xt[j]=p1[j-1]; /* xt[1]=p1[0] */
   fflush(ficlog);  
     fret=(d2->function)(xt); /*  p xt[1]@8 is fine */
   /* */    /* fret=(*func)(xt); /\*  p xt[1]@8 is fine *\/ */
   strcpy(fileres,"r");    printf("Function = %.12lf ",fret);
   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) printf(" %d %.8lf", j, xt[j]); 
   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */    printf("\n");
    free_vector(xt,1,n);
   /*---------arguments file --------*/    return fret;
   }
   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {  #endif
     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
     goto end;  double func( double *x)
   }  {
     int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
   strcpy(filereso,"o");    int ioffset=0;
   strcat(filereso,fileres);    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {    double **out;
     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);    int s1, s2;
     goto end;    int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
   }    double bbh, survp;
     long ipmx;
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */    double agexact;
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    /*extern weight */
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
     puts(line);    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
     fputs(line,ficparo);      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
   }    */
   ungetc(c,ficpar);  
     ++countcallfunc;
   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);  
   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);    cov[1]=1.;
   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);  
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    ioffset=0;
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    if(mle==1){
     puts(line);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     fputs(line,ficparo);        /* Computes the values of the ncovmodel covariates of the model
   }           depending if the covariates are fixed or varying (age dependent) and stores them in cov[]
   ungetc(c,ficpar);           Then computes with function pmij which return a matrix p[i][j] giving the elementary probability
             to be observed in j being in i according to the model.
            */
   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);        ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage;
   cptcovn=0;     /* Fixed */
   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;        for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
           cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn;        }
   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */        /* In model V2+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2 Tvar[1] is V2, Tvar[2=V1*V4] 
             is 6, Tvar[3=age*V3] should not be computed because of age Tvar[4=V3*V2] 
   /* Read guess parameters */           has been calculated etc */
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */        /* For an individual i, wav[i] gives the number of effective waves */
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){        /* We compute the contribution to Likelihood of each effective transition
     ungetc(c,ficpar);           mw[mi][i] is real wave of the mi th effectve wave */
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);        /* Then statuses are computed at each begin and end of an effective wave s1=s[ mw[mi][i] ][i];
     puts(line);           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     fputs(line,ficparo);           And the iv th varying covariate is the cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][iv][i]
   }           But if the variable is not in the model TTvar[iv] is the real variable effective in the model:
   ungetc(c,ficpar);           meaning that decodemodel should be used cotvar[mw[mi+1][i]][TTvar[iv]][i]
          */
   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)          for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){            cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i];
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);          }
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       if(mle==1)            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){            }
         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
         if(mle==1){            newm=savm;
           printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);            cov[2]=agexact;
         }            if(nagesqr==1)
         else              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;  /* Should be changed here */
           fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact; /* Tage[kk] gives the data-covariate associated with age */
       }            }
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
       if(mle==1)                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
         printf("\n");            savm=oldm;
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");            oldm=newm;
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");          } /* end mult */
     }          
            /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel;          /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
            * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay 
   p=param[1][1];           * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to 
             * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */           * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){           * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
     ungetc(c,ficpar);           * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);                                   * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
     puts(line);                                   * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
     fputs(line,ficparo);                                   * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
   }                                   * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions. 
   ungetc(c,ficpar);                                   */
           s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){          /* bias bh is positive if real duration
     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){           * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);           */
       printf("%1d%1d",i,j);          /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){            /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known 
         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);               then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to 
         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);               die between last step unit time and current  step unit time, 
         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);               which is also equal to probability to die before dh 
       }               minus probability to die before dh-stepm . 
       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");               In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
       printf("\n");               as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");               health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
     }               and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
   }               to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
   delti=delti3[1][1];               (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
                 introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */               the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){               contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
     ungetc(c,ficpar);               stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);               and month of death but the probability to survive from last
     puts(line);               interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
     fputs(line,ficparo);               probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
   }               Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
   ungetc(c,ficpar);               mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
                 which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);               lower mortality.
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){            */
     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);            /* If, at the beginning of the maximization mostly, the
     if(mle==1)               cumulative probability or probability to be dead is
       printf("%s",str);               constant (ie = 1) over time d, the difference is equal to
     fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);               0.  out[s1][3] = savm[s1][3]: probability, being at state
     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);               s1 at precedent wave, to be dead a month before current
     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){               wave is equal to probability, being at state s1 at
       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);               precedent wave, to be dead at mont of the current
       if(mle==1){               wave. Then the observed probability (that this person died)
         printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);               is null according to current estimated parameter. In fact,
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);               it should be very low but not zero otherwise the log go to
       }               infinity.
       else            */
         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);  /* #ifdef INFINITYORIGINAL */
       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
     }  /* #else */
     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");  /*        if ((out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]) < mytinydouble)  */
     if(mle==1)  /*          lli=log(mytinydouble); */
       printf("\n");  /*        else */
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  /*          lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]); */
     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");  /* #endif */
   }            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)            
     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)          } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
                  survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
   if(mle==1)            /*survp += out[s1][j]; */
     printf("\n");            lli= log(survp);
   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");          }
           else if  (s2==-4) { 
             for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)  
     /*-------- Rewriting paramater file ----------*/              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
      strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */            lli= log(survp); 
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/          } 
      strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */          else if  (s2==-5) { 
      strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)  
     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {              survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;            lli= log(survp); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;          } 
     }          else{
     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);            lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
                /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
     /*-------- data file ----------*/          } 
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {          /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;          /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
     }          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
     n= lastobs;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     severity = vector(1,maxwav);          /* if (lli < log(mytinydouble)){ */
     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);          /*   printf("Close to inf lli = %.10lf <  %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[%d][i]=%d s1=%d s2=%d\n", lli,log(mytinydouble), i, mi,mw[mi][i], s[mw[mi][i]][i], s1,s2); */
     num=ivector(1,n);          /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Close to inf lli = %.10lf i= %d mi= %d, s[mw[mi][i]][i]=%d\n", lli, i, mi,s[mw[mi][i]][i]); */
     moisnais=vector(1,n);          /* } */
     annais=vector(1,n);        } /* end of wave */
     moisdc=vector(1,n);      } /* end of individual */
     andc=vector(1,n);    }  else if(mle==2){
     agedc=vector(1,n);      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
     cod=ivector(1,n);        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     weight=vector(1,n);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);                }
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);          for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
     ncodemax=ivector(1,8);            newm=savm;
             agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
     i=1;            cov[2]=agexact;
     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {            if(nagesqr==1)
       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
                    for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);            }
           strcpy(line,stra);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);            savm=oldm;
         }            oldm=newm;
                  } /* end mult */
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
           ipmx +=1;
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);          sw += weight[i];
         for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);        } /* end of wave */
         }      } /* end of individual */
         num[i]=atol(stra);    }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
              for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
         /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
           printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
           for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
         i=i+1;            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       }              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     /* printf("ii=%d", ij);            }
        scanf("%d",i);*/          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
   imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */            newm=savm;
             agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){            cov[2]=agexact;
     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;            if(nagesqr==1)
     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
     }*/              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){            }
      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
      printf("%d %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
              savm=oldm;
              oldm=newm;
   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/          } /* end mult */
   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */        
   Tprod=ivector(1,15);          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);          bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
   Tage=ivector(1,15);                lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
              ipmx +=1;
   if (strlen(model) >1){          sw += weight[i];
     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
     j=nbocc(model,'+');        } /* end of wave */
     j1=nbocc(model,'*');      } /* end of individual */
     cptcovn=j+1;    }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     cptcovprod=j1;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
            for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
     strcpy(modelsav,model);        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       goto end;              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
     }            }
              for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){            newm=savm;
       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */            agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyze it */            cov[2]=agexact;
       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/            if(nagesqr==1)
       /*scanf("%d",i);*/              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/              cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */            }
           cptcovprod--;          
           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
           cptcovage++;            savm=oldm;
             Tage[cptcovage]=i;            oldm=newm;
             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/          } /* end mult */
         }        
         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
           cptcovprod--;          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');          if( s2 > nlstate){ 
           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);            lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
           cptcovage++;          } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
           Tage[cptcovage]=i;            for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
         }              survp += out[s1][j];
         else {  /* Age is not in the model */            lli= log(survp);
           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/          }else{
           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;            lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */          }
           Tprod[k1]=i;          ipmx +=1;
           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/          sw += weight[i];
           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];  /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];        } /* end of wave */
           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)      } /* end of individual */
             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];    }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
           k1++;      for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
           k2=k2+2;        for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
         }        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
       }          for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
       else { /* no more sum */            for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/              oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/              savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');            }
       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);          for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
       }            newm=savm;
       strcpy(modelsav,stra);              agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);            cov[2]=agexact;
         scanf("%d",i);*/            if(nagesqr==1)
     } /* end of loop + */              cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
   } /* end model */            for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
                cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);            }
   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);          
   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);            out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
   scanf("%d ",i);*/                         1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
     fclose(fic);            savm=oldm;
             oldm=newm;
     /*  if(mle==1){*/          } /* end mult */
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/        
       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;          s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
     }          s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/          lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);          ipmx +=1;
           sw += weight[i];
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {          ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {          /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
        if ((mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){        } /* end of wave */
          anint[m][i]=9999;      } /* end of individual */
          s[m][i]=-1;    } /* End of if */
        }    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
      if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999 & s[m][i]>nlstate) s[m][i]=-1;    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
       }    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
     }    return -l;
   }
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {  
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){  double funcone( double *x)
         if(s[m][i] >0){  {
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {    /* Same as func but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
             if(agedc[i]>0)    int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
               if(moisdc[i]!=99 && andc[i]!=9999)    int ioffset=0;
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX+1], cov[NCOVMAX+1];
             /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/    double **out;
            else {    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
               if (andc[i]!=9999){    double llt;
               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    int s1, s2;
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);    int iv=0, iqv=0, itv=0, iqtv=0 ; /* Index of varying covariate, fixed quantitative cov, time varying covariate, quantitative time varying covariate */
               agev[m][i]=-1;  
               }    double bbh, survp;
             }    double agexact;
           }    double agebegin, ageend;
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */    /*extern weight */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
               agev[m][i]=1;    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++) 
             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){      printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
               agemin=agev[m][i];    */
               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/    cov[1]=1.;
             }  
             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
               agemax=agev[m][i];    ioffset=0;
              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/    for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
             }      ioffset=2+nagesqr+cptcovage;
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/      /* Fixed */
             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/      /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+nagesqr+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i]; */
           }      /* for (k=1; k<=ncoveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Dummy covariates without age* products *\/ */
           else { /* =9 */      for (k=1; k<=ncovf;k++){ /* Simple and product fixed covariates without age* products */
             agev[m][i]=1;        cov[ioffset+TvarFind[k]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[k]]][i];/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V1 is fixed (k=6)*/
             s[m][i]=-1;  /*    cov[ioffset+TvarFind[1]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[1]]][i];  */
           }  /*    cov[2+6]=covar[Tvar[6]][i];  */
         }  /*    cov[2+6]=covar[2][i]; V2  */
         else /*= 0 Unknown */  /*    cov[TvarFind[2]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[2]]][i];  */
           agev[m][i]=1;  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[Tvar[7]][i];  */
       }  /*    cov[2+7]=covar[7][i]; V7=V1*V2  */
      /*    cov[TvarFind[3]]=covar[Tvar[TvarFind[3]]][i];  */
     }  /*    cov[2+9]=covar[Tvar[9]][i];  */
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {  /*    cov[2+9]=covar[1][i]; V1  */
       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){      }
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {      /* for (k=1; k<=nqfveff;k++){ /\* Simple and product fixed Quantitative covariates without age* products *\/ */
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);        /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[TvarFQ[k]][i];/\* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, only V2 and V1*V2 is fixed (k=6 and 7?)*\/ */
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);        /* } */
           goto end;      /* for(iqv=1; iqv <= nqfveff; iqv++){ /\* Quantitative fixed covariates *\/ */
         }      /*   cov[++ioffset]=coqvar[Tvar[iqv]][i]; /\* Only V2 k=6 and V1*V2 7 *\/ */
       }      /* } */
     }      
   
 printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);      for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){  /* Varying with waves */
  fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);      /* Wave varying (but not age varying) */
         for(k=1; k <= ncovv ; k++){ /* Varying  covariates (single and product but no age )*/
     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);                                  cov[ioffset+TvarVind[k]]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][Tvar[TvarVind[k]]][i];
     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);                          }
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);        /* for(itv=1; itv <= ntveff; itv++){ /\* Varying dummy covariates (single??)*\/ */
     free_vector(annais,1,n);                                  /* iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv]]-ncovcol-nqv; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);                                  /* cov[ioffset+iv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][iv][i]; */
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/                                  /* k=ioffset-2-nagesqr-cptcovage+itv; /\* position in simple model *\/ */
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);                                  /* cov[ioffset+itv]=cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]; */
     free_vector(andc,1,n);                                  /* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,itv=%d,TmodelInvind[itv]=%d,cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, itv, TmodelInvind[itv],cotvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvind[itv]][i]); */
         /* for(iqtv=1; iqtv <= nqtveff; iqtv++){ /\* Varying quantitatives covariates *\/ */
                              /*      iv=TmodelInvQind[iqtv]; /\* Counting the # varying covariate from 1 to ntveff *\/ */
     wav=ivector(1,imx);                          /*      /\* printf(" i=%d,mi=%d,iqtv=%d,TmodelInvQind[iqtv]=%d,cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]=%f\n", i, mi, iqtv, TmodelInvQind[iqtv],cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]); *\/ */
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);                          /*      cov[ioffset+ntveff+iqtv]=cotqvar[mw[mi][i]][TmodelInvQind[iqtv]][i]; */
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);        /* } */
            for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
     /* Concatenates waves */                                  for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);                                          oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                                           savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
                                   }
       Tcode=ivector(1,100);        
       nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);        agebegin=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]; /* Age at beginning of effective wave */
       ncodemax[1]=1;        ageend=agev[mw[mi][i]][i] + (dh[mi][i])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of effective wave and at the end of transition */
       if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);        for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){  /* Delay between two effective waves */
                                        /*dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
    codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);                                          and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.*/
    h=0;                                  newm=savm;
    m=pow(2,cptcoveff);                                  agexact=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
                                    cov[2]=agexact;
    for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){                                  if(nagesqr==1)
      for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){                                          cov[3]= agexact*agexact;
        for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){                                  for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
          for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){                                          cov[Tage[kk]+2+nagesqr]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*agexact;
            h++;                                  }
            if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;                                  /* printf("i=%d,mi=%d,d=%d,mw[mi][i]=%d\n",i, mi,d,mw[mi][i]); */
            /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/                                  /* savm=pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate); */
          }                                  out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
        }                                                                                   1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
      }                                  /* out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, */
    }                                  /*           1,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate)); */
    /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);                                  savm=oldm;
       codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */                                  oldm=newm;
    /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){        } /* end mult */
       for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){        
       printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);        s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
       }        s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
       printf("\n");        /* if(s2==-1){ */
       }        /*        printf(" s1=%d, s2=%d i=%d \n", s1, s2, i); */
       scanf("%d",i);*/        /*        /\* exit(1); *\/ */
            /* } */
    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age        bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm; 
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */        /* bias is positive if real duration
          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
             */
            if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                                  lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
     oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */        } else if  ( s2==-1 ) { /* alive */
     newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                                  for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++) 
     savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */                                          survp += (1.+bbh)*out[s1][j]- bbh*savm[s1][j];
     oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */                                  lli= log(survp);
              }else if (mle==1){
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]                                  lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */        } else if(mle==2){
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */                                  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
         } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     if(mle==1){                                  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);        } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
     }                                  lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
            } else{  /* mle=0 back to 1 */
     /*--------- results files --------------*/                                  lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);                                  /*lli=log(out[s1][s2]); */ /* Original formula */
          } /* End of if */
         ipmx +=1;
    jk=1;        sw += weight[i];
    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
    printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");        /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");        if(globpr){
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){                                  fprintf(ficresilk,"%9ld %6.1f %6.1f %6d %2d %2d %2d %2d %3d %15.6f %8.4f %8.3f\
      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){   %11.6f %11.6f %11.6f ", \
        if (k != i)                                                                  num[i], agebegin, ageend, i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],weight[i]*gipmx/gsw,
          {                                                                  2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
            printf("%d%d ",i,k);                                  for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
            fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);                                          llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);                                          fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
            for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){                                  }
              printf("%f ",p[jk]);                                  fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
              fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);        }
              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);          } /* end of wave */
              jk++;  } /* end of individual */
            }  for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
            printf("\n");  /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
            fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");  if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
          }          gipmx=ipmx;
      }          gsw=sw;
    }  }
    if(mle==1){  return -l;
      /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */  }
      ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */  
      hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);  
    }  /*************** function likelione ***********/
    fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");  void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
    printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");  {
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");    /* This routine should help understanding what is done with 
    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){       the selection of individuals/waves and
      for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){       to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
        if (j!=i) {       Plotting could be done.
          fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);     */
          printf("%1d%1d",i,j);    int k;
          fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);  
          for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){    if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
            printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);      strcpy(fileresilk,"ILK_"); 
            fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);      strcat(fileresilk,fileresu);
            fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);      if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
            jk++;        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
          }        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
          printf("\n");      }
          fprintf(ficlog,"\n");      fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) count ageb ageend s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight weight/gpw -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
          fprintf(ficres,"\n");      fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i ageb agend i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight %%weight 2wlli out sav ");
        }      /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
      }      for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) 
    }        fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
          fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
    k=1;    }
    fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");  
    if(mle==1)    *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
      printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");    if(*globpri !=0){
    fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");      fclose(ficresilk);
    for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){      if (mle ==0)
      /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with initial parameters and mle = %d.",mle);
          i1=(i-1)/(ncovmodel*nlstate)+1;      else if(mle >=1)
          fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood computed with optimized parameters mle = %d.",mle);
          printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/      fprintf(fichtm," You should at least run with mle >= 1 to get starting values corresponding to the optimized parameters in order to visualize the real contribution of each individual/wave: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
      fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);      
      if(mle==1)        
        printf("%3d",i);      for (k=1; k<= nlstate ; k++) {
      fprintf(ficlog,"%3d",i);        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Probability p<sub>%dj</sub> by origin %d and destination j. Dot's sizes are related to corresponding weight: <a href=\"%s-p%dj.png\">%s-p%dj.png</a><br> \
      for(j=1; j<=i;j++){  <img src=\"%s-p%dj.png\">",k,k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),k);
        fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      }
        if(mle==1)      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- The function drawn is -2Log(L) in Log scale: by state of origin <a href=\"%s-ori.png\">%s-ori.png</a><br> \
          printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);  <img src=\"%s-ori.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
        fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- and by state of destination <a href=\"%s-dest.png\">%s-dest.png</a><br> \
      }  <img src=\"%s-dest.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
      fprintf(ficres,"\n");      fflush(fichtm);
      if(mle==1)    }
        printf("\n");    return;
      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");  }
      k++;  
    }  
      /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
      ungetc(c,ficpar);  void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);  {
      puts(line);    int i,j, iter=0;
      fputs(line,ficparo);    double **xi;
    }    double fret;
    ungetc(c,ficpar);    double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
    estepm=0;    /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
    fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);  
    if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;  #ifdef NLOPT
    if (fage <= 2) {    int creturn;
      bage = ageminpar;    nlopt_opt opt;
      fage = agemaxpar;    /* double lb[9] = { -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VAL }; /\* lower bounds *\/ */
    }    double *lb;
        double minf; /* the minimum objective value, upon return */
    fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");    double * p1; /* Shifted parameters from 0 instead of 1 */
    fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);    myfunc_data dinst, *d = &dinst;
    fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);  #endif
      
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){  
      ungetc(c,ficpar);    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
      puts(line);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
      fputs(line,ficparo);        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
    }    printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
    ungetc(c,ficpar);    strcpy(filerespow,"POW_"); 
      strcat(filerespow,fileres);
    fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2);    if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
    fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
    fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);      fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
        }
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
      ungetc(c,ficpar);    for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
      puts(line);        if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
      fputs(line,ficparo);    fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
    }  #ifdef POWELL
    ungetc(c,ficpar);    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
    #endif
   
    dateprev1=anprev1+mprev1/12.+jprev1/365.;  #ifdef NLOPT
    dateprev2=anprev2+mprev2/12.+jprev2/365.;  #ifdef NEWUOA
     opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_NEWUOA,npar);
   fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);  #else
   fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);      opt = nlopt_create(NLOPT_LN_BOBYQA,npar);
   fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);    #endif
      lb=vector(0,npar-1);
   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){    for (i=0;i<npar;i++) lb[i]= -HUGE_VAL;
     ungetc(c,ficpar);    nlopt_set_lower_bounds(opt, lb);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);    nlopt_set_initial_step1(opt, 0.1);
     puts(line);    
     fputs(line,ficparo);    p1= (p+1); /*  p *(p+1)@8 and p *(p1)@8 are equal p1[0]=p[1] */
   }    d->function = func;
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    printf(" Func %.12lf \n",myfunc(npar,p1,NULL,d));
     nlopt_set_min_objective(opt, myfunc, d);
   fscanf(ficpar,"starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilav);    nlopt_set_xtol_rel(opt, ftol);
 fprintf(ficparo,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);    if ((creturn=nlopt_optimize(opt, p1, &minf)) < 0) {
 fprintf(ficres,"starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilav);      printf("nlopt failed! %d\n",creturn); 
     }
     else {
 while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){      printf("found minimum after %d evaluations (NLOPT=%d)\n", countcallfunc ,NLOPT);
     ungetc(c,ficpar);      printf("found minimum at f(%g,%g) = %0.10g\n", p[0], p[1], minf);
     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);      iter=1; /* not equal */
     puts(line);    }
     fputs(line,ficparo);    nlopt_destroy(opt);
   }  #endif
   ungetc(c,ficpar);    free_matrix(xi,1,npar,1,npar);
     fclose(ficrespow);
   fscanf(ficpar,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf last-popfiledate=%lf/%lf/%lf\n",&popforecast,popfile,&jpyram,&mpyram,&anpyram,&jpyram1,&mpyram1,&anpyram1);    printf("\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   fprintf(ficparo,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   fprintf(ficres,"popforecast=%d popfile=%s popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf last-popfiledate=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",popforecast,popfile,jpyram,mpyram,anpyram,jpyram1,mpyram1,anpyram1);    fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations & function calls = %d & %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter, countcallfunc,func(p));
   
  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);  }
   
 /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/  /**** Computes Hessian and covariance matrix ***/
   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);  void hesscov(double **matcov, double **hess, double p[], int npar, double delti[], double ftolhess, double (*func)(double []))
   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");  {
   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {    double  **a,**y,*x,pd;
     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);    /* double **hess; */
   }    int i, j;
   fclose(ficgp);    int *indx;
  printinggnuplot(fileres, ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);  
 /*--------- index.htm --------*/    double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
     double hessij(double p[], double **hess, double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfile);    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {    double gompertz(double p[]);
     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);    /* hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar); */
   }  
     printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
   fprintf(fichtm,"<body> <font size=\"2\">%s </font> <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n    fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
 Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
 \n      printf("%d-",i);fflush(stdout);
 Total number of observations=%d <br>\n      fprintf(ficlog,"%d-",i);fflush(ficlog);
 Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n     
 <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">       hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n      
  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n      /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n          printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a></ul>\n",version,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,fileres,fileres,filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot);    }
   fclose(fichtm);    
     for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
  printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
          if (j>i) { 
 /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/          printf(".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
  chdir(path);          fprintf(ficlog,".%d-%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
            hess[i][j]=hessij(p,hess, delti,i,j,func,npar);
  free_ivector(wav,1,imx);          
  free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);          hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];    
  free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);            /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
  free_ivector(num,1,n);        }
  free_vector(agedc,1,n);      }
  /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/    }
  fclose(ficparo);    printf("\n");
  fclose(ficres);    fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   
     printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/    fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
      
   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   strcat(filerespl,fileres);    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {    x=vector(1,npar);
     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    indx=ivector(1,npar);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
   }      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=hess[i][j];
   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);    ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd);
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);  
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0;
   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);      x[j]=1;
   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");      lubksb(a,npar,indx,x);
        for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);        matcov[i][j]=x[i];
   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */      }
   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    }
   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */  
   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */    fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
   k=0;    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) { 
   agebase=ageminpar;      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { 
   agelim=agemaxpar;        printf("%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
   ftolpl=1.e-10;        fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",hess[i][j]);
   i1=cptcoveff;      }
   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}      printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
         k=k+1;    /* printf("\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/    /* fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Covariance matrix#\n"); */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");    /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {  */
         printf("\n#******");    /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {  */
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");    /*     printf("%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {    /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.6e ",matcov[i][j]); */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    /*   } */
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    /*   printf("\n"); */
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
         }    /* } */
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");  
         printf("******\n");    /* Recompute Inverse */
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");    /* for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) */
            /*   for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) a[i][j]=matcov[i][j]; */
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){    /* ludcmp(a,npar,indx,&pd); */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );    /*  printf("\n#Hessian matrix recomputed#\n"); */
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);    /* for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) { */
           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");    /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) x[i]=0; */
         }    /*   x[j]=1; */
       }    /*   lubksb(a,npar,indx,x); */
     }    /*   for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){  */
   fclose(ficrespl);    /*     y[i][j]=x[i]; */
     /*     printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/    /*     fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]); */
      /*   } */
   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);    /*   printf("\n"); */
   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {    /*   fprintf(ficlog,"\n"); */
     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;    /* } */
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;  
   }    /* Verifying the inverse matrix */
   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);  #ifdef DEBUGHESS
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);    y=matprod2(y,hess,1,npar,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
    
   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;     printf("\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix, should be unity:#\n");
   /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/     fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Verification: multiplying the matrix of covariance by the Hessian matrix. Should be unity:#\n");
   
   agelim=AGESUP;    for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){ 
   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */        printf("%.2f ",y[i][j]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%.2f ",y[i][j]);
   /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/      }
       printf("\n");
   k=0;      fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){    }
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  #endif
       k=k+1;  
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");    free_matrix(a,1,npar,1,npar);
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)    free_matrix(y,1,npar,1,npar);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);    free_vector(x,1,npar);
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");    free_ivector(indx,1,npar);
            /* free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar); */
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */  
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */  
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */  }
   
           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
   double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);  { /* Around values of x, computes the function func and returns the scales delti and hessian */
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;    int i;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);      int l=1, lmax=20;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");    double k1,k2, res, fx;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    double p2[MAXPARM+1]; /* identical to x */
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);    int k=0,kmax=10;
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");    double l1;
            for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){  
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %f %f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );    fx=func(x);
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)    for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum */
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);      l1=pow(10,l);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");      delts=delt;
              }      for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);        delt = delta*(l1*k);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");        p2[theta]=x[theta] +delt;
         }        k1=func(p2)-fx;   /* Might be negative if too close to the theoretical maximum */
     }        p2[theta]=x[theta]-delt;
   }        k2=func(p2)-fx;
         /*res= (k1-2.0*fx+k2)/delt/delt; */
   varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, (int) bage, (int) fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax);        res= (k1+k2)/delt/delt/2.; /* Divided by 2 because L and not 2*L */
         
   fclose(ficrespij);  #ifdef DEBUGHESSII
         printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
         fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
   /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/  #endif
   if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
     prevforecast(fileres, anproj1,mproj1,jproj1, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anproj2,p, i1);        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
     if (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);          k=kmax;
   }        }
   else{        else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif)){ /* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. */
     erreur=108;          k=kmax; l=lmax*10;
     printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model);        else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){ 
   }          delts=delt;
          }
       } /* End loop k */
   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/    }
     delti[theta]=delts;
   strcpy(filerest,"t");    return res; 
   strcat(filerest,fileres);    
   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {  }
     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;  double hessij( double x[], double **hess, double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
   }  {
   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    int i;
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);    int l=1, lmax=20;
     double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx;
     double p2[MAXPARM+1];
   strcpy(filerese,"e");    int k, kmax=1;
   strcat(filerese,fileres);    double v1, v2, cv12, lc1, lc2;
   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {  
     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    int firstime=0;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);    
   }    fx=func(x);
   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);    for (k=1; k<=kmax; k=k+10) {
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i];
       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
   strcpy(fileresv,"v");      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
   strcat(fileresv,fileres);      k1=func(p2)-fx;
   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {    
     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]*k;
     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
   }      k2=func(p2)-fx;
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);    
   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
   calagedate=-1;      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]*k;
   prevalence(ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,dateprev1,dateprev2, calagedate);      k3=func(p2)-fx;
     
   k=0;      p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]*k;
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){      p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]*k;
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){      k4=func(p2)-fx;
       k=k+1;      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]/k/delti[thetaj]/k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");      if(k1*k2*k3*k4 <0.){
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        firstime=1;
         fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        kmax=kmax+10;
       fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");      }
       if(kmax >=10 || firstime ==1){
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");        printf("Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you may increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: directions %d-%d, you are not estimating the Hessian at the exact maximum likelihood; you may increase ftol=%.2e\n",thetai,thetaj, ftol);
         fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);        printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti*k=%.12e deltj*k=%.12e, xi-de*k=%.12e xj-de*k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       }
       fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");  #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)      v1=hess[thetai][thetai];
         fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);      v2=hess[thetaj][thetaj];
       fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");      cv12=res;
       /* Computing eigen value of Hessian matrix */
       eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);      lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;      lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
       evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov);        if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
          printf("Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
       vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);        fprintf(ficlog, "Warning: sub Hessian matrix '%d%d' does not have positive eigen values \n",thetai,thetaj);
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;        printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0);        fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
       if(popbased==1){      }
         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased);  #endif
        }    }
     return res;
    }
       fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");  
       for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);      /* Not done yet: Was supposed to fix if not exactly at the maximum */
       fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  /* double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar) */
   /* { */
       epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);  /*   int i; */
       for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){  /*   int l=1, lmax=20; */
         prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);  /*   double k1,k2,k3,k4,res,fx; */
         if (popbased==1) {  /*   double p2[MAXPARM+1]; */
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)  /*   double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4; */
             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];  /*   int k=0,kmax=10; */
         }  /*   double l1; */
            
         fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);  /*   fx=func(x); */
         for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){  /*   for(l=0 ; l <=lmax; l++){  /\* Enlarging the zone around the Maximum *\/ */
           for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {  /*     l1=pow(10,l); */
             epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];  /*     delts=delt; */
             /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/  /*     for(k=1 ; k <kmax; k=k+1){ */
           }  /*       delt = delti*(l1*k); */
           epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];  /*       for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) p2[i]=x[i]; */
         }  /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
   /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
         for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)  /*       k1=func(p2)-fx; */
           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)        
             vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];  /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]+delti[thetai]/k; */
         fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));  /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
         for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){  /*       k2=func(p2)-fx; */
           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));        
         }  /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");  /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]+delti[thetaj]/k; */
       }  /*       k3=func(p2)-fx; */
     }        
   }  /*       p2[thetai]=x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k; */
 free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);  /*       p2[thetaj]=x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k; */
     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);  /*       k4=func(p2)-fx; */
     free_vector(weight,1,n);  /*       res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /\* Because of L not 2*L *\/ */
   fclose(ficreseij);  /* #ifdef DEBUGHESSIJ */
   fclose(ficresvij);  /*       printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   fclose(ficrest);  /*       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4); */
   fclose(ficpar);  /* #endif */
   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);  /*       if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)|| (k4 <khi/nkhi/2.)){ */
    /*      k=kmax; */
   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/    /*       } */
   /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhif) || (k2 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif) || (k4 >khi/nkhif)){ /\* Keeps lastvalue before 3.84/2 KHI2 5% 1d.f. *\/ */
   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");  /*      k=kmax; l=lmax*10; */
   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);  /*       } */
   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {  /*       else if((k1 >khi/nkhi) || (k2 >khi/nkhi)){  */
     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);  /*      delts=delt; */
     exit(0);  /*       } */
   }  /*     } /\* End loop k *\/ */
   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);  /*   } */
   /*   delti[theta]=delts; */
   k=0;  /*   return res;  */
   for(cptcov=1;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){  /* } */
     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){  
       k=k+1;  
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");  /************** Inverse of matrix **************/
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  void ludcmp(double **a, int n, int *indx, double *d) 
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);  { 
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");    int i,imax,j,k; 
          double big,dum,sum,temp; 
       varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);    double *vv; 
       oldm=oldms;savm=savms;   
      varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k);    vv=vector(1,n); 
     }    *d=1.0; 
  }    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
       big=0.0; 
   fclose(ficresvpl);      for (j=1;j<=n;j++) 
         if ((temp=fabs(a[i][j])) > big) big=temp; 
   /*---------- End : free ----------------*/      if (big == 0.0) nrerror("Singular matrix in routine ludcmp"); 
   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      vv[i]=1.0/big; 
      } 
   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) { 
   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);      for (i=1;i<j;i++) { 
          sum=a[i][j]; 
          for (k=1;k<i;k++) sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        a[i][j]=sum; 
   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      } 
   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      big=0.0; 
   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);      for (i=j;i<=n;i++) { 
          sum=a[i][j]; 
   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);        for (k=1;k<j;k++) 
   free_vector(delti,1,npar);          sum -= a[i][k]*a[k][j]; 
   free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);        a[i][j]=sum; 
   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);        if ( (dum=vv[i]*fabs(sum)) >= big) { 
           big=dum; 
   fprintf(fichtm,"\n</body>");          imax=i; 
   fclose(fichtm);        } 
   fclose(ficgp);      } 
        if (j != imax) { 
         for (k=1;k<=n;k++) { 
   if(erreur >0){          dum=a[imax][k]; 
     printf("End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);          a[imax][k]=a[j][k]; 
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with error or warning %d\n",erreur);          a[j][k]=dum; 
   }else{        } 
    printf("End of Imach\n");        *d = -(*d); 
    fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");        vv[imax]=vv[j]; 
   }      } 
   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);      indx[j]=imax; 
   fclose(ficlog);      if (a[j][j] == 0.0) a[j][j]=TINY; 
   /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */      if (j != n) { 
          dum=1.0/(a[j][j]); 
   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/        for (i=j+1;i<=n;i++) a[i][j] *= dum; 
   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/      } 
   /*------ End -----------*/    } 
     free_vector(vv,1,n);  /* Doesn't work */
   ;
  end:  } 
 #ifdef windows  
   /* chdir(pathcd);*/  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx, double b[]) 
 #endif  { 
  /*system("wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    int i,ii=0,ip,j; 
  /*system("../gp37mgw/wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    double sum; 
  /*system("cd ../gp37mgw");*/   
  /* system("..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot graph.plt");*/    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) { 
  strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);      ip=indx[i]; 
  strcat(plotcmd," ");      sum=b[ip]; 
  strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);      b[ip]=b[i]; 
  system(plotcmd);      if (ii) 
         for (j=ii;j<=i-1;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
 #ifdef windows      else if (sum) ii=i; 
   while (z[0] != 'q') {      b[i]=sum; 
     /* chdir(path); */    } 
     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");    for (i=n;i>=1;i--) { 
     scanf("%s",z);      sum=b[i]; 
     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");      for (j=i+1;j<=n;j++) sum -= a[i][j]*b[j]; 
     else if (z[0] == 'e') system(optionfilehtm);      b[i]=sum/a[i][i]; 
     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);    } 
     else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);  } 
   }  
 #endif  void pstamp(FILE *fichier)
 }  {
     fprintf(fichier,"# %s.%s\n#IMaCh version %s, %s\n#%s\n# %s", optionfilefiname,optionfilext,version,copyright, fullversion, strstart);
   }
   
   /************ Frequencies ********************/
   void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, \
                     int *Tvaraff, int *invalidvarcomb, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[], \
                     int firstpass,  int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[])
   {  /* Some frequencies */
     
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, k, iv;
     int iind=0, iage=0;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int first;
     double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
     double *meanq;
     double **meanqt;
     double *pp, **prop, *posprop, *pospropt;
     double pos=0., posproptt=0., pospropta=0., k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
     char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtm[FILENAMELENGTH], fileresphtmfr[FILENAMELENGTH];
     double agebegin, ageend;
       
     pp=vector(1,nlstate);
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE); 
     posprop=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state per age */ 
     pospropt=vector(1,nlstate); /* Counting the number of transition starting from a live state */ 
     /* prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3); */
     meanq=vector(1,nqfveff); /* Number of Quantitative Fixed Variables Effective */
     meanqt=matrix(1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     strcpy(fileresp,"P_");
     strcat(fileresp,fileresu);
     /*strcat(fileresphtm,fileresu);*/
     if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(fileresphtm,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtm=fopen(fileresphtm,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtm,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_ %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtm,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies and prevalence by age at begin of transition and dummy covariate value at beginning of transition</h4>\n",fileresphtm, fileresphtm);
       
     strcpy(fileresphtmfr,subdirfext(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
     if((ficresphtmfr=fopen(fileresphtmfr,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with frequency table HTM resultfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",fileresphtmfr,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       exit(70); 
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh PHTM_Frequency table %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
               fileresphtmfr,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
     fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Frequencies of all effective transitions by age at begin of transition </h4>Unknown status is -1<br/>\n",fileresphtmfr, fileresphtmfr);
   
     freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
     j1=0;
     
     /* j=ncoveff;  /\* Only fixed dummy covariates *\/ */
     j=cptcoveff;  /* Only dummy covariates of the model */
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
     first=1;
   
     /* Detects if a combination j1 is empty: for a multinomial variable like 3 education levels:
        reference=low_education V1=0,V2=0
        med_educ                V1=1 V2=0, 
        high_educ               V1=0 V2=1
        Then V1=1 and V2=1 is a noisy combination that we want to exclude for the list 2**cptcoveff 
     */
   
     for (j1 = 1; j1 <= (int) pow(2,j); j1++){ /* Loop on covariates combination in order of model, excluding quantitatives V4=0, V3=0 for example, fixed or varying covariates */
       posproptt=0.;
       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
         scanf("%d", i);*/
       for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)  
         for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)  
                                   for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
                                           freq[i][jk][m]=0;
                   
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  {
         for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
                                   prop[i][m]=0;
         posprop[i]=0;
         pospropt[i]=0;
       }
       /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {   */
       /*   meanq[z1]+=0.; */
       /*   for(m=1;m<=lastpass;m++){ */
       /*  meanqt[m][z1]=0.; */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
                   
       dateintsum=0;
       k2cpt=0;
       /* For that combination of covariate j1, we count and print the frequencies in one pass */
       for (iind=1; iind<=imx; iind++) { /* For each individual iind */
         bool=1;
         if(anyvaryingduminmodel==0){ /* If All fixed covariates */
           if (cptcoveff >0) { /* Filter is here: Must be looked at for model=V1+V2+V3+V4 */
             /* for (z1=1; z1<= nqfveff; z1++) {   */
             /*   meanq[z1]+=coqvar[Tvar[z1]][iind];  /\* Computes mean of quantitative with selected filter *\/ */
             /* } */
             for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {  
               /* if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-20){ */
               /*   /\* sumnew+=cotvar[mw[mi][iind]][z1][iind]; *\/ */
               /* }else  if(Tvaraff[z1] ==-10){ */
               /*   /\* sumnew+=coqvar[z1][iind]; *\/ */
               /* }else  */
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]){
                 /* Tests if this individual iind responded to j1 (V4=1 V3=0) */
                 bool=0;
                 /* printf("bool=%d i=%d, z1=%d, Tvaraff[%d]=%d, covar[Tvarff][%d]=%2f, codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, nbcode[Tvaraff][codtabm(%d,%d)=%d, j1=%d\n", 
                    bool,i,z1, z1, Tvaraff[z1],i,covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i],j1,z1,codtabm(j1,z1),
                    j1,z1,nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)],j1);*/
                 /* For j1=7 in V1+V2+V3+V4 = 0 1 1 0 and codtabm(7,3)=1 and nbcde[3][?]=1*/
               } /* Onlyf fixed */
             } /* end z1 */
           } /* cptcovn > 0 */
         } /* end any */
         if (bool==1){ /* We selected an individual iind satisfying combination j1 or all fixed */
           /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){ */
           for(mi=1; mi<wav[iind];mi++){ /* For that wave */
             m=mw[mi][iind];
             if(anyvaryingduminmodel==1){ /* Some are varying covariates */
               for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) {
                 if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
                   iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
                   if (cotvar[m][iv][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
                     bool=0;
                 }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0) { /* fixed */
                   if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][iind]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                     bool=0;
                   }
                 }
               }
             }/* Some are varying covariates, we tried to speed up if all fixed covariates in the model, avoiding waves loop  */
             /* bool =0 we keep that guy which corresponds to the combination of dummy values */
             if(bool==1){
               /* dh[m][iind] or dh[mw[mi][iind]][iind] is the delay between two effective (mi) waves m=mw[mi][iind]
                  and mw[mi+1][iind]. dh depends on stepm. */
               agebegin=agev[m][iind]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
               ageend=agev[m][iind]+(dh[m][iind])*stepm/YEARM; /* Age at end of wave and transition */
               if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
                 k2=anint[m][iind]+(mint[m][iind]/12.);
                 /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
                 if(agev[m][iind]==0) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+1;  /* All ages equal to 0 are in iagemax+1 */
                 if(agev[m][iind]==1) agev[m][iind]=iagemax+2;  /* All ages equal to 1 are in iagemax+2 */
                 if (s[m][iind]>0 && s[m][iind]<=nlstate)  /* If status at wave m is known and a live state */
                   prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind];  /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                 if (m<lastpass) {
                   /* if(s[m][iind]==4 && s[m+1][iind]==4) */
                   /*   printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind]); */
                   if(s[m][iind]==-1)
                     printf(" num=%ld m=%d, iind=%d s1=%d s2=%d agev at m=%d agebegin=%.2f ageend=%.2f, agemed=%d\n", num[iind], m, iind,s[m][iind],s[m+1][iind], (int)agev[m][iind],agebegin, ageend, (int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.));
                   freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind]; /* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   /* freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][(int)((agebegin+ageend)/2.)] += weight[iind]; */
                   freq[s[m][iind]][s[m+1][iind]][iagemax+3] += weight[iind]; /* Total is in iagemax+3 *//* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                 }
               } /* end if between passes */  
               if ((agev[m][iind]>1) && (agev[m][iind]< (iagemax+3)) && (anint[m][iind]!=9999) && (mint[m][iind]!=99)) {
                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
                 k2cpt++;
                 /* printf("iind=%ld dateintmean = %lf dateintsum=%lf k2cpt=%lf k2=%lf\n",iind, dateintsum/k2cpt, dateintsum,k2cpt, k2); */
               }
             } /* end bool 2 */
           } /* end m */
         } /* end bool */
       } /* end iind = 1 to imx */
       /* prop[s][age] is feeded for any initial and valid live state as well as
          freq[s1][s2][age] at single age of beginning the transition, for a combination j1 */
                   
                   
       /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
       pstamp(ficresp);
       /* if  (ncoveff>0) { */
       if  (cptcoveff>0) {
         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n<br/><br/><h3>********** Variable "); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
           fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
           fprintf(ficresphtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
           fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
         fprintf(ficresphtm, "**********</h3>\n");
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "**********</h3>\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "\n#********** Variable "); 
         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficlog, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
         fprintf(ficlog, "**********\n");
       }
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresphtm, "<th>Age</th><th>Prev(%d)</th><th>N(%d)</th><th>N</th>",i,i);
       }
       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
       fprintf(ficresphtm, "\n");
                   
       /* Header of frequency table by age */
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<table style=\"text-align:center; border: 1px solid\">");
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>Age</th> ");
       for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++){
         for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
           if(jk!=0 && m!=0)
             fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<th>%d%d</th> ",jk,m);
         }
       }
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr, "\n");
                   
       /* For each age */
       for(iage=iagemin; iage <= iagemax+3; iage++){
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr>");
         if(iage==iagemax+1){
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"1");
                                   fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>0</th> ");
         }else if(iage==iagemax+2){
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"0");
                                   fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Unknown</th> ");
         }else if(iage==iagemax+3){
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
                                   fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>Total</th> ");
         }else{
                                   if(first==1){
                                           first=0;
                                           printf("See log file for details...\n");
                                   }
                                   fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<tr><th>%d</th> ",iage);
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", iage);
         }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
                                   for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
                                           pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][iage]; 
         }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
                                   for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
                                           pos += freq[jk][m][iage];
                                   if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
                                           if(first==1){
                                                   printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
                                           }
                                           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
                                   }else{
                                           if(first==1)
                                                   printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                                           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                                   }
         }
                           
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){ 
                                   /* posprop[jk]=0; */
                                   for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)/* Summing on all ages */
                                           pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][iage];
         } /* pp[jk] is the total number of transitions starting from state jk and any ending status until this age */
                           
         for(jk=1,pos=0, pospropta=0.; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
                                   pos += pp[jk]; /* pos is the total number of transitions until this age */
                                   posprop[jk] += prop[jk][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                                                                                                                                                           from jk at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
                                   pospropta += prop[jk][iage]; /* prop is the number of transitions from a live state
                                                                                                                                                                   from jk at age iage prop[s[m][iind]][(int)agev[m][iind]] += weight[iind] */
         }
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
                                   if(pos>=1.e-5){
                                           if(first==1)
                                                   printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                                           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
                                   }else{
                                           if(first==1)
                                                   printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                                           fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
                                   }
                                   if( iage <= iagemax){
                                           if(pos>=1.e-5){
                                                   fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",iage,prop[jk][iage]/pospropta, prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
                                                   fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage,prop[jk][iage]/pospropta, prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
                                                   /*probs[iage][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
                                                   /*printf("\niage=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",iage,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[iage][jk][j1]);*/
                                           }
                                           else{
                                                   fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",iage,prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
                                                   fprintf(ficresphtm,"<th>%d</th><td>NaNq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",iage, prop[jk][iage],pospropta);
                                           }
                                   }
                                   pospropt[jk] +=posprop[jk];
         } /* end loop jk */
         /* pospropt=0.; */
         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++){
                                   for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++){
                                           if(freq[jk][m][iage] !=0 ) { /* minimizing output */
                                                   if(first==1){
                                                           printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][iage]);
                                                   }
                                                   fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][iage]);
                                           }
                                           if(jk!=0 && m!=0)
                                                   fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"<td>%.0f</td> ",freq[jk][m][iage]);
                                   }
         } /* end loop jk */
         posproptt=0.; 
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate; jk++){
                                   posproptt += pospropt[jk];
         }
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</tr>\n ");
         if(iage <= iagemax){
                                   fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
                                   fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
         }
         if(first==1)
                                   printf("Others in log...\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       } /* end loop age iage */
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"<tr><th>Tot</th>");
       for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
         if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
                                   fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>Nanq</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[jk],posproptt);   
         }else{
                                   fprintf(ficresphtm,"<td>%.5f</td><td>%.0f</td><td>%.0f</td>",pospropt[jk]/posproptt,pospropt[jk],posproptt);    
         }
       }
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"</tr>\n");
       fprintf(ficresphtm,"</table>\n");
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
       if(posproptt < 1.e-5){
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
         fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"\n <p><b> This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced</b></p>",j1);
         fprintf(ficres,"\n  This combination (%d) is not valid and no result will be produced\n\n",j1);
         invalidvarcomb[j1]=1;
       }else{
         fprintf(ficresphtm,"\n <p> This combination (%d) is valid and result will be produced.</p>",j1);
         invalidvarcomb[j1]=0;
       }
       fprintf(ficresphtmfr,"</table>\n");
     } /* end selected combination of covariate j1 */
     dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt; 
           
     fclose(ficresp);
     fclose(ficresphtm);
     fclose(ficresphtmfr);
     free_vector(meanq,1,nqfveff);
     free_matrix(meanqt,1,lastpass,1,nqtveff);
     free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pospropt,1,nlstate);
     free_vector(posprop,1,nlstate);
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE, iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
     free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
     /* End of freqsummary */
   }
   
   /************ Prevalence ********************/
   void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
   {  
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
    
     int i, m, jk, j1, bool, z1,j, iv;
     int mi; /* Effective wave */
     int iage;
     double agebegin, ageend;
   
     double **prop;
     double posprop; 
     double  y2; /* in fractional years */
     int iagemin, iagemax;
     int first; /** to stop verbosity which is redirected to log file */
   
     iagemin= (int) agemin;
     iagemax= (int) agemax;
     /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
     prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE); 
     /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
     j1=0;
     
     /*j=cptcoveff;*/
     if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
     
     first=1;
     for(j1=1; j1<= (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);j1++){ /* For each combination of covariate */
       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)  
         for(iage=iagemin-AGEMARGE; iage <= iagemax+3+AGEMARGE; iage++)
           prop[i][iage]=0.0;
       printf("Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       /* fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j1],nbcode[Tvaraff[j1]][codtabm(k,j1)]); */
       fprintf(ficlog,"Prevalence combination of varying and fixed dummies %d\n",j1);
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
         bool=1;
         /* for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/\* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*\/ */
         for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){ /* For this wave too look where individual can be counted V4=0 V3=0 */
           m=mw[mi][i];
           /* Tmodelind[z1]=k is the position of the varying covariate in the model, but which # within 1 to ntv? */
           /* Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]] is the n of Vn; n-ncovcol-nqv is the first time varying covariate or iv */
           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++){
             if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]==1){
               iv= Tvar[Tmodelind[z1]]-ncovcol-nqv;
               if (cotvar[m][iv][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) /* iv=1 to ntv, right modality */
                 bool=0;
             }else if( Fixed[Tmodelind[z1]]== 0)  /* fixed */
               if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]) {
                 bool=0;
               }
           }
           if(bool==1){ /* Otherwise we skip that wave/person */
             agebegin=agev[m][i]; /* Age at beginning of wave before transition*/
             /* ageend=agev[m][i]+(dh[m][i])*stepm/YEARM; /\* Age at end of wave and transition *\/ */
             if(m >=firstpass && m <=lastpass){
               y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
               if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
                 if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
                 if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
                 if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin-AGEMARGE || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3+AGEMARGE){
                   printf("Error on individual # %d agev[m][i]=%f <%d-%d or > %d+3+%d  m=%d; either change agemin or agemax or fix data\n",i, agev[m][i],iagemin,AGEMARGE, iagemax,AGEMARGE,m); 
                   exit(1);
                 }
                 if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) { 
                   /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
                   prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];/* At age of beginning of transition, where status is known */
                   prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i]; 
                 } /* end valid statuses */ 
               } /* end selection of dates */
             } /* end selection of waves */
           } /* end bool */
         } /* end wave */
       } /* end individual */
       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){  
         for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) { 
           posprop += prop[jk][i]; 
         } 
         
         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){       
           if( i <=  iagemax){ 
             if(posprop>=1.e-5){ 
               probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
             } else{
               if(first==1){
                 first=0;
                 printf("Warning Observed prevalence probs[%d][%d][%d]=%lf because of lack of cases\nSee others in log file...\n",jk,i,j1,probs[i][jk][j1]);
               }
             }
           } 
         }/* end jk */ 
       }/* end i */ 
        /*} *//* end i1 */
     } /* end j1 */
     
     /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
     /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
     free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin-AGEMARGE,iagemax+3+AGEMARGE);
   }  /* End of prevalence */
   
   /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
   
   void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
   {
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     int i=0, mi=0, m=0, mli=0;
     /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
        double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
     int first=0, firstwo=0, firsthree=0, firstfour=0, firstfiv=0;
     int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
     double sum=0.;
     first=0;
     firstwo=0;
     firsthree=0;
     firstfour=0;
     jmin=100000;
     jmax=-1;
     jmean=0.;
   
   /* Treating live states */
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){  /* For simple cases and if state is death */
       mi=0;  /* First valid wave */
       mli=0; /* Last valid wave */
       m=firstpass;
       while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){  /* a live state */
         if(m >firstpass && s[m][i]==s[m-1][i] && mint[m][i]==mint[m-1][i] && anint[m][i]==anint[m-1][i]){/* Two succesive identical information on wave m */
           mli=m-1;/* mw[++mi][i]=m-1; */
         }else if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* Since 0.98r4 if status=-2 vital status is really unknown, wave should be skipped */
           mw[++mi][i]=m;
           mli=m;
         } /* else might be a useless wave  -1 and mi is not incremented and mw[mi] not updated */
         if(m < lastpass){ /* m < lastpass, standard case */
           m++; /* mi gives the "effective" current wave, m the current wave, go to next wave by incrementing m */
         }
         else{ /* m >= lastpass, eventual special issue with warning */
   #ifdef UNKNOWNSTATUSNOTCONTRIBUTING
           break;
   #else
           if(s[m][i]==-1 && (int) andc[i] == 9999 && (int)anint[m][i] != 9999){
             if(firsthree == 0){
               printf("Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as pi. .\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m);
               firsthree=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Information! Unknown status for individual %ld line=%d occurred at last wave %d at known date %d/%d. Please, check if your unknown date of death %d/%d means a live state %d at wave %d. This case(%d)/wave(%d) contributes to the likelihood as pi. .\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], s[m][i], m, i, m);
             mw[++mi][i]=m;
             mli=m;
           }
           if(s[m][i]==-2){ /* Vital status is really unknown */
             nbwarn++;
             if((int)anint[m][i] == 9999){  /*  Has the vital status really been verified? */
               printf("Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Vital status for individual %ld (line=%d) at last wave %d interviewed at date %d/%d is unknown %d. Please, check if the vital status and the date of death %d/%d are really unknown. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], (int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], i, m);
             }
             break;
           }
           break;
   #endif
         }/* End m >= lastpass */
       }/* end while */
   
       /* mi is the last effective wave, m is lastpass, mw[j][i] gives the # of j-th effective wave for individual i */
       /* After last pass */
   /* Treating death states */
       if (s[m][i] > nlstate){  /* In a death state */
         /* if( mint[m][i]==mdc[m][i] && anint[m][i]==andc[m][i]){ /\* same date of death and date of interview *\/ */
         /* } */
         mi++;     /* Death is another wave */
         /* if(mi==0)  never been interviewed correctly before death */
         /* Only death is a correct wave */
         mw[mi][i]=m;
       }
   #ifndef DISPATCHINGKNOWNDEATHAFTERLASTWAVE
       else if ((int) andc[i] != 9999) { /* Status is negative. A death occured after lastpass, we can't take it into account because of potential bias */
         /* m++; */
         /* mi++; */
         /* s[m][i]=nlstate+1;  /\* We are setting the status to the last of non live state *\/ */
         /* mw[mi][i]=m; */
         if ((int)anint[m][i]!= 9999) { /* date of last interview is known */
           if((andc[i]+moisdc[i]/12.) <=(anint[m][i]+mint[m][i]/12.)){ /* death occured before last wave and status should have been death instead of -1 */
             nbwarn++;
             if(firstfiv==0){
               printf("Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
               firstfiv=1;
             }else{
               fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d before last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d and should have been coded as death instead of '%d'. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is contributing to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], s[m][i], i,m );
             }
           }else{ /* Death occured afer last wave potential bias */
             nberr++;
             if(firstwo==0){
               printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
               firstwo=1;
             }
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d occurred at %d/%d after last wave %d interviewed at %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
           }
         }else{ /* end date of interview is known */
           /* death is known but not confirmed by death status at any wave */
           if(firstfour==0){
             printf("Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\nOthers in log file only\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
             firstfour=1;
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Death for individual %ld line=%d  occurred %d/%d but not confirmed by any death status for any wave, including last wave %d at unknown date %d/%d. Potential bias if other individuals are still alive at this date but ignored. This case (%d)/wave (%d) is skipped, no contribution to likelihood.\n",num[i],i,(int) moisdc[i], (int) andc[i], lastpass,(int)mint[m][i],(int)anint[m][i], i,m );
         }
       } /* end if date of death is known */
   #endif
       wav[i]=mi; /* mi should be the last effective wave (or mli) */
       /* wav[i]=mw[mi][i]; */
       if(mi==0){
         nbwarn++;
         if(first==0){
           printf("Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
           first=1;
         }
         if(first==1){
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! No valid information for individual %ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
         }
       } /* end mi==0 */
     } /* End individuals */
     /* wav and mw are no more changed */
           
     
     for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
       for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
         if (stepm <=0)
           dh[mi][i]=1;
         else{
           if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
             if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
               j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12); 
               if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
               else if(j<0){
                 nberr++;
                 printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
                 printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
               }
               k=k+1;
               if (j >= jmax){
                 jmax=j;
                 ijmax=i;
               }
               if (j <= jmin){
                 jmin=j;
                 ijmin=i;
               }
               sum=sum+j;
               /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
               /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
             }
           }
           else{
             j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
   /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
                                           
             k=k+1;
             if (j >= jmax) {
               jmax=j;
               ijmax=i;
             }
             else if (j <= jmin){
               jmin=j;
               ijmin=i;
             }
             /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
             /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
             if(j<0){
               nberr++;
               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
             }
             sum=sum+j;
           }
           jk= j/stepm;
           jl= j -jk*stepm;
           ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
           if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
             if(jl==0){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=0;
             }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
                     * to avoid the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
           }else{
             if(jl <= -ju){
               dh[mi][i]=jk;
               bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
                                    * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
                                    */
             }
             else{
               dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
               bh[mi][i]=ju;
             }
             if(dh[mi][i]==0){
               dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
               bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
               /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
             }
           } /* end if mle */
         }
       } /* end wave */
     }
     jmean=sum/k;
     printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %ld) Max=%d (%ld) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, num[ijmin], jmax, num[ijmax], jmean);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d (for indiviudal %d) Max=%d (%d) Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, ijmin, jmax, ijmax, jmean);
   }
   
   /*********** Tricode ****************************/
    void tricode(int *cptcov, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx, int *Ndum)
   {
     /**< Uses cptcovn+2*cptcovprod as the number of covariates */
     /*      Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);  find 'n' in Vn and stores in Tvar. If model=V2+V1 Tvar[1]=2 and Tvar[2]=1 
      * Boring subroutine which should only output nbcode[Tvar[j]][k]
      * Tvar[5] in V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is 4 (V4) even it is a time varying or quantitative variable
      * nbcode[Tvar[5]][1]= nbcode[4][1]=0, nbcode[4][2]=1 (usually);
     */
   
     int ij=1, k=0, j=0, i=0, maxncov=NCOVMAX;
     int modmaxcovj=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
     int cptcode=0; /* Modality max of covariates j */
     int modmincovj=0; /* Modality min of covariates j */
   
   
     /* cptcoveff=0;  */
           /* *cptcov=0; */
    
     for (k=1; k <= maxncov; k++) ncodemax[k]=0; /* Horrible constant again replaced by NCOVMAX */
   
     /* Loop on covariates without age and products and no quantitative variable */
     /* for (j=1; j<=(cptcovs); j++) { /\* From model V1 + V2*age+ V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only *\/ */
     for (k=1; k<=cptcovt; k++) { /* From model V1 + V2*age + V3 + V3*V4 keeps V1 + V3 = 2 only */
       for (j=-1; (j < maxncov); j++) Ndum[j]=0;
       if(Dummy[k]==0 && Typevar[k] !=1){ /* Dummy covariate and not age product */ 
         switch(Fixed[k]) {
         case 0: /* Testing on fixed dummy covariate, simple or product of fixed */
                                   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Loop on individuals: reads the data file to get the maximum value of the  modality of this covariate Vj*/
                                           ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[k]][i]);
                                           /* ij=0 or 1 or -1. Value of the covariate Tvar[j] for individual i
                                            * If product of Vn*Vm, still boolean *:
                                            * If it was coded 1, 2, 3, 4 should be splitted into 3 boolean variables
                                            * 1 => 0 0 0, 2 => 0 0 1, 3 => 0 1 1, 4=1 0 0   */
                                           /* Finds for covariate j, n=Tvar[j] of Vn . ij is the
                                                    modality of the nth covariate of individual i. */
                                           if (ij > modmaxcovj)
                                                   modmaxcovj=ij; 
                                           else if (ij < modmincovj) 
                                                   modmincovj=ij; 
                                           if ((ij < -1) && (ij > NCOVMAX)){
                                                   printf( "Error: minimal is less than -1 or maximal is bigger than %d. Exiting. \n", NCOVMAX );
                                                   exit(1);
                                           }else
                                                   Ndum[ij]++; /*counts and stores the occurence of this modality 0, 1, -1*/
                                           /*  If coded 1, 2, 3 , counts the number of 1 Ndum[1], number of 2, Ndum[2], etc */
                                           /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
                                           /* getting the maximum value of the modality of the covariate
                                                    (should be 0 or 1 now) Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is coded 0 and
                                                    female ies 1, then modmaxcovj=1.
                                           */
                                   } /* end for loop on individuals i */
                                   printf(" Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
                                   fprintf(ficlog," Minimal and maximal values of %d th covariate V%d: min=%d max=%d \n", k, Tvar[k], modmincovj, modmaxcovj);
                                   cptcode=modmaxcovj;
                                   /* Ndum[0] = frequency of 0 for model-covariate j, Ndum[1] frequency of 1 etc. */
                                   /*for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {*/
                                   for (j=modmincovj;  j<=modmaxcovj; j++) { /* j=-1 ? 0 and 1*//* For each value j of the modality of model-cov k */
                                           printf("Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
                                           fprintf(ficlog, "Frequencies of covariates %d ie V%d with value %d: %d\n", k, Tvar[k], j, Ndum[j]);
                                           if( Ndum[j] != 0 ){ /* Counts if nobody answered modality j ie empty modality, we skip it and reorder */
                                                   if( j != -1){
                                                           ncodemax[k]++;  /* ncodemax[k]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                                                                                                                    covariate for which somebody answered excluding 
                                                                                                                                    undefined. Usually 2: 0 and 1. */
                                                   }
                                                   ncodemaxwundef[k]++; /* ncodemax[j]= Number of modalities of the k th
                                                                                                                                                   covariate for which somebody answered including 
                                                                                                                                                   undefined. Usually 3: -1, 0 and 1. */
                                           }       /* In fact  ncodemax[k]=2 (dichotom. variables only) but it could be more for
                                                    * historical reasons: 3 if coded 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Ndum[2]=0 */
                                   } /* Ndum[-1] number of undefined modalities */
                           
                                   /* j is a covariate, n=Tvar[j] of Vn; Fills nbcode */
                                   /* For covariate j, modalities could be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. */
                                   /* If Ndum[1]=0, Ndum[2]=0, Ndum[3]= 635, Ndum[4]=0, Ndum[5]=0, Ndum[6]=27, Ndum[7]=125; */
                                   /* modmincovj=3; modmaxcovj = 7; */
                                   /* There are only 3 modalities non empty 3, 6, 7 (or 2 if 27 is too few) : ncodemax[j]=3; */
                                   /* which will be coded 0, 1, 2 which in binary on 2=3-1 digits are 0=00 1=01, 2=10; */
                             /*             defining two dummy variables: variables V1_1 and V1_2.*/
                 /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k; */
                 /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][1]=0; */
                 /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][2]=1; */
                 /* nbcode[Tvar[j]][3]=2; */
                 /* To be continued (not working yet). */
                 ij=0; /* ij is similar to i but can jump over null modalities */
                                   for (i=modmincovj; i<=modmaxcovj; i++) { /* i= 1 to 2 for dichotomous, or from 1 to 3 or from -1 or 0 to 1 currently*/
             if (Ndum[i] == 0) { /* If nobody responded to this modality k */
                     break;
                   }
                                           ij++;
                                           nbcode[Tvar[k]][ij]=i;  /* stores the original value of modality i in an array nbcode, ij modality from 1 to last non-nul modality. nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1*/
                                           cptcode = ij; /* New max modality for covar j */
                                   } /* end of loop on modality i=-1 to 1 or more */
                                   break;
         case 1: /* Testing on varying covariate, could be simple and
                  * should look at waves or product of fixed *
                  * varying. No time to test -1, assuming 0 and 1 only */
                                   ij=0;
                                   for(i=0; i<=1;i++){
                                           nbcode[Tvar[k]][++ij]=i;
                                   }
                                   break;
         default:
                                   break;
         } /* end switch */
       } /* end dummy test */
       
       /*   for (k=0; k<= cptcode; k++) { /\* k=-1 ? k=0 to 1 *\//\* Could be 1 to 4 *\//\* cptcode=modmaxcovj *\/ */
       /*  /\*recode from 0 *\/ */
       /*                               k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex  */
       /*                               then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
       /*                            But if some modality were not used, it is recoded from 0 to a newer modmaxcovj=cptcode *\/ */
       /*  } */
       /*  /\* cptcode = ij; *\/ /\* New max modality for covar j *\/ */
       /*  if (ij > ncodemax[j]) { */
       /*    printf( " Error ij=%d > ncodemax[%d]=%d\n", ij, j, ncodemax[j]);  */
       /*    fprintf(ficlog, " Error ij=%d > ncodemax[%d]=%d\n", ij, j, ncodemax[j]); */
       /*    break; */
       /*  } */
       /*   }  /\* end of loop on modality k *\/ */
     } /* end of loop on model-covariate j. nbcode[Tvarj][1]=0 and nbcode[Tvarj][2]=1 sets the value of covariate j*/  
     
     for (k=-1; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0; 
     /* Look at fixed dummy (single or product) covariates to check empty modalities */
     for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2-nagesqr; i++) { /* -2, cste and age and eventually age*age */ 
       /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/ 
       ij=Tvar[i]; /* Tvar 5,4,3,6,5,7,1,4 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V4*age */ 
       Ndum[ij]++; /* Count the # of 1, 2 etc: {1,1,1,2,2,1,1} because V1 once, V2 once, two V4 and V5 in above */
       /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1,  {2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0} */
     } /* V4+V3+V5, Ndum[1]@5={0, 0, 1, 1, 1} */
     
     ij=0;
     /* for (i=0; i<=  maxncov-1; i++) { /\* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) *\/ */
     for (k=1; k<=  cptcovt; k++) { /* modmaxcovj is unknown here. Only Ndum[2(V2),3(age*V3), 5(V3*V2) 6(V1*V4) */
       /*printf("Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
       /* if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){  /\* Tvar[i] <= ncovmodel ? *\/ */
       if(Ndum[Tvar[k]]!=0 && Dummy[k] == 0 && Typevar[k]==0){  /* Only Dummy and non empty in the model */
         /* If product not in single variable we don't print results */
         /*printf("diff Ndum[%d]=%d\n",i, Ndum[i]);*/
         ++ij;/* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, */
         Tvaraff[ij]=Tvar[k]; /* For printing combination *//* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, Tvar {5, 4, 3, 6, 5, 2, 7, 1, 1} Tvaraff={4, 3, 1} V4, V3, V1*/
         Tmodelind[ij]=k; /* Tmodelind: index in model of dummies Tmodelind[1]=2 V4: pos=2; V3: pos=3, V1=9 {2, 3, 9, ?, ?,} */
         TmodelInvind[ij]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv; /* Inverse TmodelInvind[2=V4]=2 second dummy varying cov (V4)4-1-1 {0, 2, 1, } TmodelInvind[3]=1 */
         if(Fixed[k]!=0)
           anyvaryingduminmodel=1;
                           /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv)){ */
                           /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-10; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
                           /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv)){ */
                           /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=i; /\*For printing (unclear) *\/ */
                           /* }else if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv)){ */
                           /*   Tvaraff[++ij]=-20; /\* Dont'n know how to treat quantitative variables yet *\/ */
       } 
     } /* Tvaraff[1]@5 {3, 4, -20, 0, 0} Very strange */
     /* ij--; */
     /* cptcoveff=ij; /\*Number of total covariates*\/ */
     *cptcov=ij; /*Number of total real effective covariates: effective
                                                            * because they can be excluded from the model and real
                                                            * if in the model but excluded because missing values, but how to get k from ij?*/
     for(j=ij+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
       Tvaraff[j]=0;
       Tmodelind[j]=0;
     }
     for(j=ntveff+1; j<= cptcovt; j++){
       TmodelInvind[j]=0;
     }
     /* To be sorted */
     ;
   }
   
   
   /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
   
    void evsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Health expectancies, no variances */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3mat;
     double eip;
   
     /* pstamp(ficreseij); */
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age and (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age\n");
     fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d%1d ",i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
   
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
   /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepma,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij, nres);  
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
       
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Computing expectancies */
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
             
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
   
           }
   
       fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip +=eij[i][j][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eij[i][j][(int)age] );
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"%9.4f", eip );
       }
       fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
       
     }
     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
     
   }
   
    void cvevsij(double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int cij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[], int nres )
   
   {
     /* Covariances of health expectancies eij and of total life expectancies according
        to initial status i, ei. .
     */
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj, cptj2, i2, j2, ij, ji;
     int nhstepma, nstepma; /* Decreasing with age */
     double age, agelim, hf;
     double ***p3matp, ***p3matm, ***varhe;
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     double *xp, *xm;
     double **gp, **gm;
     double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
     int theta;
   
     double eip, vip;
   
     varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     xm=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     
     pstamp(ficresstdeij);
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Health expectancies with standard errors\n");
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d%1d (SE)",i,j);
       fprintf(ficresstdeij," e%1d. ",i);
     }
     fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
   
     pstamp(ficrescveij);
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Subdiagonal matrix of covariances of health expectancies by age: cov(eij,ekl)\n");
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
         cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
         for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
           for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
             cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
             if(cptj2 <= cptj)
               fprintf(ficrescveij,"  %1d%1d,%1d%1d",i,j,i2,j2);
           }
       }
     fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
     
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
     /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
      * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
      * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
      * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear 
      * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
      * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we 
      * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
      * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear 
      * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
      * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
   
     /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
     /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
        nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
        nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin. 
        Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
        and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
     /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
        survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
        means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
        you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
        results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
     */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
   
     /* If stepm=6 months */
     /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
     agelim=AGESUP;
     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); 
     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
     
     p3matp=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     p3matm=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
   
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
       nstepma=(int) rint((agelim-bage)*YEARM/stepm); /* Biggest nstepm */
       /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */ 
       /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
       nhstepma = nstepma/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepma=40/4=10 */
                   
       /* If stepm=6 months */
       /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepma matrices, stored
          in an array of nhstepma length: nhstepma=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
       
       hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
                   
       /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
       /* Gradient is computed with plus gp and minus gm. Code is duplicated in order to
          decrease memory allocation */
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ 
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
           xm[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         hpxij(p3matp,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
         hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xm,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, cij, nres);  
                           
         for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
             for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
               gp[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matp[i][j][h]+p3matp[i][j][h+1])/2.;
               gm[h][(j-1)*nlstate + i] = (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.;
             }
           }
         }
                           
         for(ij=1; ij<= nlstate*nlstate; ij++)
           for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             gradg[h][theta][ij]= (gp[h][ij]-gm[h][ij])/2./delti[theta];
           }
       }/* End theta */
       
       
       for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
             trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
       
                   
       for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
         for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
           varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] =0.;
                   
       printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
       for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
         for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
           matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
           matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
           for(ij=1;ij<=nlstate*nlstate;ij++)
             for(ji=1;ji<=nlstate*nlstate;ji++)
               varhe[ij][ji][(int)age] += doldm[ij][ji]*hf*hf;
         }
       }
                   
       /* Computing expectancies */
       hpxij(p3matm,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, cij,nres);  
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
           for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
             eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3matm[i][j][h]+p3matm[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
                                           
             /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                                           
           }
                   
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
         eip=0.;
         vip=0.;
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           eip += eij[i][j][(int)age];
           for(k=1; k<=nlstate;k++) /* Sum on j and k of cov(eij,eik) */
             vip += varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(k-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age];
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[(j-1)*nlstate+i][(j-1)*nlstate+i][(int)age]) );
         }
         fprintf(ficresstdeij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eip, sqrt(vip));
       }
       fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n");
                   
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"%3.0f",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
           cptj= (j-1)*nlstate+i;
           for(i2=1; i2<=nlstate;i2++)
             for(j2=1; j2<=nlstate;j2++){
               cptj2= (j2-1)*nlstate+i2;
               if(cptj2 <= cptj)
                 fprintf(ficrescveij," %.4f", varhe[cptj][cptj2][(int)age]);
             }
         }
       fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n");
                   
     }
     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_ma3x(p3matm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     free_ma3x(p3matp,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
     printf("\n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           
     free_vector(xm,1,npar);
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
     free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
   }
    
   /************ Variance ******************/
    void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[], int nres)
    {
      /* Variance of health expectancies */
      /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
      /* double **newm;*/
      /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav)*/
     
      /* int movingaverage(); */
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
      int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
      int k;
      double *xp;
      double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
      double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
      double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
      double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
      double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
      double ***p3mat;
      double age,agelim, hf;
      /* double ***mobaverage; */
      int theta;
      char digit[4];
      char digitp[25];
   
      char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
      if(popbased==1){
        if(mobilav!=0)
          strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-MOBILAV_");
        else strcpy(digitp,"-POPULBASED-NOMOBIL_");
      }
      else 
        strcpy(digitp,"-STABLBASED_");
   
      /* if (mobilav!=0) { */
      /*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      /*   if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ */
      /*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); */
      /*   } */
      /* } */
   
      strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"PRMORPREV-"); 
      sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
      /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
      strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
      }
      printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
      pstamp(ficresprobmorprev);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Selected quantitative variables and dummies");
      for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
      }
      for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(ij,j)]);
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
   
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
      for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
      }  
      fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
     
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title \n");
      /* fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);*/
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
      /*   } */
      varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      pstamp(ficresvij);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
      if(popbased==1)
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
      else
        fprintf(ficresvij,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          fprintf(ficresvij," Cov(e.%1d, e.%1d)",i,j);
      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
   
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
      gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
     
      if(estepm < stepm){
        printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
      }
      else  hstepm=estepm;   
      /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
      /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm. 
         nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim 
         nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelim. 
         Look at function hpijx to understand why because of memory size limitations, 
         we decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
         survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
         means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
         you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same 
         results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
      */
      hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */ 
      agelim = AGESUP;
      for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
        nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
        nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
        gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
                   
                   
        for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
            xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
          }
                           
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nresult);
                           
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
                           
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  /* Returns p3mat[i][j][h] for h=1 to nhstepm */
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* Next for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim.
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }    
          /* end probability of death */
                           
          for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
            xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
                           
          prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp, ij, nresult);
                           
          if (popbased==1) {
            if(mobilav ==0){
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
            }else{ /* mobilav */ 
              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
            }
          }
                           
          hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij,nres);  
                           
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){  /* Sum of wi * eij = e.j */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
                gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
            }
          }
          /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
             computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
             as a weighted average of prlim.
          */
          for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
            for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
              gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
          }    
          /* end probability of death */
                           
          for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
            for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
              gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
            }
                           
          for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
            gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
          }
                           
        } /* End theta */
                   
        trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
                   
        for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
                   
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
                   
                   
        hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
            vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
                   
        for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
          for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
            matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
            matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
            for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
              for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
                vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
          }
        }
                   
        /* pptj */
        matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
        matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
          for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
            varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
        /* end ppptj */
        /*  x centered again */
                   
        prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij, nresult);
                   
        if (popbased==1) {
          if(mobilav ==0){
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
          }else{ /* mobilav */ 
            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
              prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
          }
        }
                   
        /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
           computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months) 
           as a weighted average of prlim.
        */
        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij, nres);  
        for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
          for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++) 
            gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1]; 
        }    
        /* end probability of death */
                   
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
        for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
          }
        } 
        fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
                   
        fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
        for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
          for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
            fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
          }
        fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
        free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
        free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      } /* End age */
      free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
      /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter png small size 320, 240"); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label; set ter svg size 640, 480");
      /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l lt 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95%% interval\" w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l lt 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
      /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.svg\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
       */
      /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.svg\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s%s.svg\";replot;set out;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"VARMUPTJGR-",digitp),digit);
   
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
      free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
      free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
      /* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
      fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtm); 
    }  /* end varevsij */
   
   /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
    void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, int ij, char strstart[], int nres)
   {
     /* Variance of prevalence limit  for each state ij using current parameters x[] and estimates of neighbourhood give by delti*/
     /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
   
     double **dnewm,**doldm;
     int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
     double *xp;
     double *gp, *gm;
     double **gradg, **trgradg;
     double **mgm, **mgp;
     double age,agelim;
     int theta;
     
     pstamp(ficresvpl);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences \n");
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
   
     xp=vector(1,npar);
     dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
     doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
     
     hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
     agelim = AGESUP;
     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
       nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
       if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
       nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
       gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgp=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       mgm=matrix(1,npar,1,nlstate);
       gp=vector(1,nlstate);
       gm=vector(1,nlstate);
   
       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         }
         if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 )
           prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         else
           prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgp[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
           xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
         if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 )
           prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         else
           prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ncvyearp,ij,nres);
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
           gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
           mgm[theta][i] = prlim[i][i];
         }
         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           gradg[theta][i]= (gp[i]-gm[i])/2./delti[theta];
         /* gradg[theta][2]= -gradg[theta][1]; */ /* For testing if nlstate=2 */
       } /* End theta */
   
       trgradg =matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
   
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
           trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\nmgm mgp %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf(" %d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf(" %d %lf %lf",theta,mgm[theta][j],mgp[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
       /* if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80 ||(int)age== 81 ){ */
       /*   printf("\n gradg %d ",(int)age); */
       /*   for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
       /*  printf("%d ",j); */
       /*  for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++) */
       /*    printf("%d %lf ",theta,gradg[theta][j]); */
       /*  printf("\n "); */
       /*   } */
       /* } */
   
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] =0.;
       if((int)age==79 ||(int)age== 80  ||(int)age== 81){
       matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }else{
       matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
       matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg);
       }
       for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
         varpl[i][(int)age] = doldm[i][i]; /* Covariances are useless */
   
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"%.0f ",age );
       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
         fprintf(ficresvpl," %.5f (%.5f)",prlim[i][i],sqrt(varpl[i][(int)age]));
       fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n");
       free_vector(gp,1,nlstate);
       free_vector(gm,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(mgp,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
       free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     } /* End age */
   
     free_vector(xp,1,npar);
     free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
     free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
   
   }
   
   /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
   void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
    {
      int i, j=0,  k1, l1, tj;
      int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
      int k=0, l;
      int first=1, first1, first2;
      double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
      double **dnewm,**doldm;
      double *xp;
      double *gp, *gm;
      double **gradg, **trgradg;
      double **mu;
      double age, cov[NCOVMAX+1];
      double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
      int theta;
      char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
      char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
      double ***varpij;
   
      strcpy(fileresprob,"PROB_"); 
      strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
      if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcov,"PROBCOV_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcov,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
      }
      strcpy(fileresprobcor,"PROBCOR_"); 
      strcat(fileresprobcor,fileresu);
      if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
        printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
        fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
      }
      printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
      printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
      printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
      pstamp(ficresprob);
      fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
      fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcov);
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
      pstamp(ficresprobcor);
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
      fprintf(ficresprobcor,"# Age");
   
   
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
          fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
        }  
      /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
      */
      xp=vector(1,npar);
      dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
      varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
      first=1;
      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4> this page is important in order to visualize confidence intervals and especially correlation between disability and recovery, or more generally, way in and way back.</li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"Current page is file <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n",optionfilehtmcov, optionfilehtmcov);
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated \
   and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
    They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
   It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
   would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
   standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
    Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
    and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
   To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
   
      cov[1]=1;
      /* tj=cptcoveff; */
      tj = (int) pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
      j1=0;
      for(j1=1; j1<=tj;j1++){  /* For each valid combination of covariates or only once*/
        if  (cptcovn>0) {
          fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
                           
          fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
                           
                           
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable "); 
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
                           
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");    
          for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtabm(j1,z1)]);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");    
          if(invalidvarcomb[j1]){
            fprintf(ficgp,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",j1); 
            fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",j1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
          cov[2]=age;
          if(nagesqr==1)
            cov[3]= age*age;
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
            cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,k)];
            /*cov[2+nagesqr+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(j1,Tvar[k])];*//* j1 1 2 3 4
                                                                       * 1  1 1 1 1
                                                                       * 2  2 1 1 1
                                                                       * 3  1 2 1 1
                                                                       */
            /* nbcode[1][1]=0 nbcode[1][2]=1;*/
          }
          /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2]; */
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,k)]*cov[2];
          for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
            cov[2+nagesqr+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtabm(ij,k)]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtabm(ij,k)];
                           
                           
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
                                   
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
              xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
                                   
            pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
            k=0;
            for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
              for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
                k=k+1;
                gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
              }
            }
                                   
            for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++) 
              gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];  
          }
   
          for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
            for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
              trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
                           
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov); 
          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
                           
          pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
                           
          k=0;
          for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
            for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
              k=k+1;
              mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
            }
          }
          for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
              varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
                           
          /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
            for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
            }*/
                           
          fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
          fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
                           
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
            fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
          for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
            fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
            fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
          }
          i=0;
          for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
            for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){ 
              i++;
              fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
              for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
                /* printf(" k=%d l=%d i=%d j=%d\n",k,l,i,j);fflush(stdout); */
                fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
                fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
              }
            }
          }/* end of loop for state */
        } /* end of loop for age */
        free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
        free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
        free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
       
        /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
        /*
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset parametric;unset label");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
          fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
        */
                   
        /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
        first1=1;first2=2;
        for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
          for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){ 
            if(l2==k2) continue;
            j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
            for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
              for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){ 
                if(l1==k1) continue;
                i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
                if(i<=j) continue;
                for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ 
                  if ((int)age %5==0){
                    v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
                    mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
                    mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
                    c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
                    /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
                    lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
                    if ((lc2 <0) || (lc1 <0) ){
                      if(first2==1){
                        first1=0;
                        printf("Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS. See log file for details...\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);
                      }
                      fprintf(ficlog,"Strange: j1=%d One eigen value of 2x2 matrix of covariance is negative, lc1=%11.3e, lc2=%11.3e, v1=%11.3e, v2=%11.3e, cv12=%11.3e.\n It means that the matrix was not well estimated (varpij), for i=%2d, j=%2d, age=%4d .\n See files %s and %s. Probably WRONG RESULTS.\n", j1, lc1, lc2, v1, v2, cv12, i, j, (int)age,fileresprobcov, fileresprobcor);fflush(ficlog);
                      /* lc1=fabs(lc1); */ /* If we want to have them positive */
                      /* lc2=fabs(lc2); */
                    }
                                                                   
                    /* Eigen vectors */
                    v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
                    /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
                    v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
                    v12=-v21;
                    v22=v11;
                    tnalp=v21/v11;
                    if(first1==1){
                      first1=0;
                      printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    }
                    fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
                    /*printf(fignu*/
                    /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
                    /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
                    if(first==1){
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Ellipsoids of confidence\n#\n");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480");
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
    :<a href=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\">                                                                                                                                           \
   %s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,      \
                              subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",      \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),                                                                         \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                    }else{
                      first=0;
                      fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
                      fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not", \
                              mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),                                 \
                              mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
                    }/* if first */
                  } /* age mod 5 */
                } /* end loop age */
                fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;\nset out \"%s_%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.svg\";replot;set out;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"VARPIJGR_"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
                first=1;
              } /*l12 */
            } /* k12 */
          } /*l1 */
        }/* k1 */
      }  /* loop on combination of covariates j1 */
      free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
      free_matrix(doldm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
      free_matrix(dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
      free_vector(xp,1,npar);
      fclose(ficresprob);
      fclose(ficresprobcov);
      fclose(ficresprobcor);
      fflush(ficgp);
      fflush(fichtmcov);
    }
   
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtml(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
                     int popforecast, int prevfcast, int backcast, int estepm , \
                     double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, double dateprev1, \
                     double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2, double dateprev2){
     int jj1, k1, i1, cpt, k4, nres;
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><a href='#firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a>\n \
      <li><a href='#secondorder'>Result files (second order (variance)</a>\n \
   </ul>");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li> model=1+age+%s\n \
   </ul>", model);
      fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4><a name='firstorder'>Result files (first order: no variance)</a></h4>\n");
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li>- Observed frequency between two states (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file)<br/>\n",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTMFR_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"<li> - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (html file) ",
              jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"),subdirfext3(optionfilefiname,"PHTM_",".htm"));
      fprintf(fichtm,",  <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> (text file) <br>\n",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Estimated back transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
              stepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (stable) prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PL_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Period (stable) back prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Life expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>i.</sub> (b) health expectancies by health status at initial age, e<sub>ij</sub> . If one or more covariates are included, specific tables for each value of the covariate are output in sequences within the same file (estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"));
      if(prevfcast==1){
        fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Prevalence projections by age and states:                            \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>", subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
      }
   
      fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
        if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
   
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++){ 
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],(int)Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);fflush(stdout);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
            /* printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]);fflush(stdout); */
          }
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);fflush(stdout);
         }
          
          /* if(nqfveff+nqtveff 0) */ /* Test to be done */
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h3>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h3>\n",k1); 
            printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        /* aij, bij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Logit model (yours is: 1+age+%s), for example: logit(pij)=log(pij/pii)= aij+ bij age + V1 age + etc. as a function of age: <a href=\"%s_%d-1.svg\">%s_%d-1.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-1.svg\">",model,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1);
        /* Pij */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- P<sub>ij</sub> or conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: <a href=\"%s_%d-2.svg\">%s_%d-2.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-2.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1);     
        /* Quasi-incidences */
        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- I<sub>ij</sub> or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
    before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too, \
    incidence (rates) are the limit when h tends to zero of the ratio of the probability  <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub> \
   divided by h: <sub>h</sub>P<sub>ij</sub>/h : <a href=\"%s_%d-3.svg\">%s_%d-3.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-3.svg\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jj1); 
        /* Survival functions (period) in state j */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions in state %d. Or probability to survive in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,jj1);
        }
        /* State specific survival functions (period) */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Survival functions from state %d in each live state and total.\
    Or probability to survive in various states (1 to %d) being in state %d at different ages.     \
    <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, nlstate, cpt, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,jj1);
        }
        /* Period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,jj1);
        }
        if(backcast==1){
          /* Period (stable) back prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Convergence to period (stable) back prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">%s_%d-%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,jj1);
          }
        }
        if(prevfcast==1){
          /* Projection of prevalence up to period (stable) prevalence in each health state */
          for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++){
            fprintf(fichtm,"<br>\n- Projection of cross-sectional prevalence (estimated with cases observed from %.1f to %.1f) up to period (stable) prevalence in state %d. Or probability to be in state %d being in state (1 to %d) at different ages. <a href=\"%s%d_%d.svg\">%s%d_%d.svg</a><br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">", dateprev1, dateprev2, cpt, cpt, nlstate, subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,jj1);
          }
        }
            
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Life expectancy by health state (%d) at initial age and its decomposition into health expectancies in each alive state (1 to %d) (or area under each survival functions): <a href=\"%s_%d%d.svg\">%s_%d%d.svg</a> <br> \
   <img src=\"%s_%d%d.svg\">",cpt,nlstate,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,jj1);
        }
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
   \n<br><li><h4> <a name='secondorder'>Result files (second order: variances)</a></h4>\n\
    - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br> \
    - 95%% confidence intervals and Wald tests of the estimated parameters are in the log file if optimization has been done (mle != 0).<br> \
   But because parameters are usually highly correlated (a higher incidence of disability \
   and a higher incidence of recovery can give very close observed transition) it might \
   be very useful to look not only at linear confidence intervals estimated from the \
   variances but at the covariance matrix. And instead of looking at the estimated coefficients \
   (parameters) of the logistic regression, it might be more meaningful to visualize the \
   covariance matrix of the one-step probabilities. \
   See page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' below. \n", rfileres,rfileres);
   
      fprintf(fichtm," - Standard deviation of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROB_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOV_"));
   
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"PROBCOR_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age and <b>initial health status</b> (cov(e<sup>ij</sup>,e<sup>kl</sup>)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"CVE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - (a) Health expectancies by health status at initial age (e<sup>ij</sup>) and standard errors (in parentheses) (b) life expectancies and standard errors (e<sup>i.</sup>=e<sup>i1</sup>+e<sup>i2</sup>+...)(estepm=%2d months): \
      <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
              estepm,subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"STDE_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Variances and covariances of health expectancies by age. Status (i) based health expectancies (in state j), e<sup>ij</sup> are weighted by the period prevalences in each state i (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"V_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Total life expectancy and total health expectancies to be spent in each health state e<sup>.j</sup> with their standard errors (if popbased=1, an additional computation is done using the cross-sectional prevalences, i.e population based) (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
              estepm, subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"));
      fprintf(fichtm,"\
    - Standard deviation of period (stable) prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
              subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"));
   
   /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
   /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
   /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
   /*  else  */
   /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
      fflush(fichtm);
      fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
   
      m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
      if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
   
      jj1=0;
   
      for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
      for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
        if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
          continue;
        /* for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){ */
        jj1++;
        if (cptcovn > 0) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
          for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)  /**< cptcoveff number of variables */
            fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvresult[nres][cpt],Tresult[nres][cpt]);
            /* fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtabm(jj1,cpt)]); */
          for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
   
          fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
   
          if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
            fprintf(fichtm,"\n<h4>Combination (%d) ignored because no cases </h4>\n",k1); 
            continue;
          }
        }
        for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
          fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
   prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): <a href=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\"> %s_%d-%d.svg</a>\n <br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d-%d.svg\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,jj1);  
        }
        fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
   health expectancies in states (1) and (2). If popbased=1 the smooth (due to the model) \
   true period expectancies (those weighted with period prevalences are also\
    drawn in addition to the population based expectancies computed using\
    observed and cahotic prevalences:  <a href=\"%s_%d.svg\">%s_%d.svg</a>\n<br>\
   <img src=\"%s_%d.svg\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),jj1);
        /* } /\* end i1 *\/ */
      }/* End k1 */
      fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
      fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplot(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , int prevfcast, int backcast, char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
     char gplotcondition[132];
     int cpt=0,k1=0,i=0,k=0,j=0,jk=0,k2=0,k3=0,k4=0,ij=0, ijp=0, l=0;
     int lv=0, vlv=0, kl=0;
     int ng=0;
     int vpopbased;
     int ioffset; /* variable offset for columns */
     int nres=0; /* Index of resultline */
   
   /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
     /*#endif */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
   
     /* Contribution to likelihood */
     /* Plot the probability implied in the likelihood */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Contributions to the Likelihood, mle >=1. For mle=4 no interpolation, pure matrix products.\n#\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; unset log x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Likelihood (-2Log(L))\";");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480"); */ /* Too big for svg */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter pngcairo size 640, 480");
   /* nice for mle=4 plot by number of matrix products.
      replot  "rrtest1/toto.txt" u 2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with point lc 1 */
   /* replot exp(p1+p2*x)/(1+exp(p1+p2*x)+exp(p3+p4*x)+exp(p5+p6*x)) t "p12(x)"  */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-dest.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):6 t \"All sample, transitions colored by destination\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-ori.png\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"));
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$13):5 t \"All sample, transitions colored by origin\" with dots lc variable; set out;\n\n",subdirf(fileresilk));
     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s-p%dj.png\";set ylabel \"Probability for each individual/wave\";",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_"),i);
       fprintf(ficgp,"unset log;\n# plot weighted, mean weight should have point size of 0.5\n plot  \"%s\"",subdirf(fileresilk));
       fprintf(ficgp,"  u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable \\\n",i,1,i,1);
       for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++) {
         fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n \"\" u  2:($5 == %d && $6==%d ? $10 : 1/0):($12/4.):6 t \"p%d%d\" with points pointtype 7 ps variable lc variable ",i,j,i,j);
       }
       fprintf(ficgp,";\nset out; unset ylabel;\n"); 
     }
     /* unset log; plot  "rrtest1_sorted_4/ILK_rrtest1_sorted_4.txt" u  2:($4 == 1 && $5==2 ? $9 : 1/0):5 t "p12" with points lc variable */                
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;plot  \"%s\" u 2:(-$11):3 t \"All sample, all transitions\" with dots lc variable",subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot  \"%s\" u 2:($3 <= 3 ? -$11 : 1/0):3 t \"First 3 individuals\" with line lc variable", subdirf(fileresilk)); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;unset log\n");
     /* fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s.svg\"; replot; set out; # bug gnuplot",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"ILK_")); */
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     /* 1eme*/
     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++){ /* For each live state */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){ /* For each valid combination of covariate */
         for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
           /* plot [100000000000000000000:-100000000000000000000] "mysbiaspar/vplrmysbiaspar.txt to check */
           if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
             continue;
           /* We are interested in selected combination by the resultline */
           printf("\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files and live state =%d ", cpt);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 1st: Period (stable) prevalence with CI: 'VPL_' files  and live state =%d ", cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate k get corresponding value lv for combination k1 */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the value of the covariate corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* vlv is the value of the covariate lv, 0 or 1 */
             /* For each combination of covariate k1 (V1=1, V3=0), we printed the current covariate k and its value vlv */
             printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           printf("\n#\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"V_"),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"V_%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
   set ylabel \"Probability\" \n             \
   set ter svg size 640, 480\n                                             \
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
         
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else        fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Period (stable) prevalence\" w l lt 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95%% CI\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"%%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"VPL_"),k1-1,k1-1); 
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
             if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
             else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
           }  
           fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence\" w l lt 2",subdirf2(fileresu,"P_"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
           if(backcast==1){ /* We need to get the corresponding values of the covariates involved in this combination k1 */
             /* fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Backward stable prevalence\" w l lt 3",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_"),k1-1,k1-1,1+cpt); */
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u 1:((",subdirf2(fileresu,"PLB_")); /* Age is in 1 */
             if(cptcoveff ==0){
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d)) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' with line ",        2+(cpt-1),  cpt );
             }else{
               kl=0;
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each combination of covariate  */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
                 kl++;
                 /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
                 /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
                 /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
                 if(k==cptcoveff){
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d)? $%d : 1/0) t 'Backward prevalence in state %d' ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv], \
                           4+(cpt-1),  cpt );  /* 4 or 6 ?*/
                 }else{
                   fprintf(ficgp,"$%d==%d && $%d==%d && ",kl+1, Tvaraff[k],kl+1+1,nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                   kl++;
                 }
               } /* end covariate */
             } /* end if no covariate */
           } /* end if backcast */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \n");
         } /* nres */
       } /* k1 */
     } /* cpt */
   
     
     /*2 eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){  
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 2nd: Total life expectancy with CI: 't' files ");
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         /* for(k=1; k <= ncovds; k++){ */
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
                           
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1);
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           if(vpopbased==0)
             fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter svg size 640, 480\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
           else
             fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot ");
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
             k=2*i;
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ?$4 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),k1-1,k1-1, vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i);
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l lt %d, \\\n",i-1,i+1);
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4-$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),k1-1,k1-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2==%d && $4!=0 ? $4+$5*2 : 1/0) \"%%lf %%lf %%lf",subdirf2(fileresu,"T_"),k1-1,k1-1,vpopbased);
             for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
               if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," %%lf (%%lf)");
               else fprintf(ficgp," %%*lf (%%*lf)");
             }   
             if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0");
             else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l lt 0,\\\n");
           } /* state */
         } /* vpopbased */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out;set out \"%s_%d.svg\"; replot; set out; \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"E_"),k1); /* Buggy gnuplot */
       } /* end nres */
     } /* k1 end 2 eme*/
           
           
     /*3eme*/
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++){
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
   
         for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n# 3d: Life expectancy with EXP_ files:  combination=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
                           
           /*       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2); */
           k=2+(nlstate+1)*(cpt-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"EXP_"),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set ter svg size 640, 480\n\
   plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
           /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
             fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
             for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
             fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
                                   
           */
           for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
             fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),k1-1,k1-1,k+i,cpt,i+1);
             /*    fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);*/
                                   
           } 
           fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d.\" w l",subdirf2(fileresu,"E_"),k1-1,k1-1,k+nlstate,cpt);
         }
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end kl 3eme */
     
     /* 4eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by initial state i */
     for (k1=1; k1<=m; k1++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state cpt*/
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j : 'LIJ_' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJ_"),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
             if(i==1){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             }
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
             for (j=2; j<= nlstate+ndeath ; j ++)
               fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
             fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end nres */
     } /* end covariate k1 */  
   
   /* 5eme */
     /* Survival functions (period) from state i in state j by final state j */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1++){ /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each inital state  */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n# Survival functions in state j and all livestates from state i by final state j: 'lij' files, cov=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
         
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"LIJT_"),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability to be alive\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3;
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             if(j==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l);
             /* for (i=2; i<= nlstate+ndeath ; i ++) */
             /*   fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+i-1); */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"l(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,j);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           fprintf(ficgp," u (($1==%d && (floor($2)%%5 == 0)) ? ($3):1/0):(",k1);
           for (j=1; j<= nlstate ; j ++){ /* Lived in state j */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1) +j;
             if(j < nlstate)
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d +",k+l);
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,"$%d) t\"l(%d,.)\" w l",k+l,cpt);
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* end nres */
     
   /* 6eme */
     /* CV preval stable (period) for each covariate */
     for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
         continue;
       for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
         
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV preval stable (period): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
         for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
           lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
           /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
           /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
           vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
           fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
           continue;
         }
         
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"P_"),cpt,k1);
         fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
         k=3; /* Offset */
         for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
           if(i==1)
             fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJ_"));
           else
             fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
           l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1;
           fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l);
           for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++)
             fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1);
           fprintf(ficgp,")) t \"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
         } /* nlstate */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
       } /* end cpt state*/ 
     } /* end covariate */  
     
     
   /* 7eme */
     if(backcast == 1){
       /* CV back preval stable (period) for each covariate */
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#CV Back preval stable (period): 'pij' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate and each value */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate number corresponding to k1 combination */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PB_"),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           k=3; /* Offset */
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++){
             if(i==1)
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"PIJB_"));
             else
               fprintf(ficgp,", '' ");
             /* l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(i-1)+1; */
             l=(nlstate+ndeath)*(cpt-1)+1;
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             /* fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1),k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /\* a vérifier *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp," u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d",k1,k+l+(cpt-1)+i-1); /* a vérifier */
             /* for (j=2; j<= nlstate ; j ++) */
             /*    fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); */
             /*    /\* fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+l+j-1); *\/ */
             fprintf(ficgp,") t \"bprev(%d,%d)\" w l",i,cpt);
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/ 
       } /* end covariate */  
     } /* End if backcast */
     
     /* 8eme */
     if(prevfcast==1){
       /* Projection from cross-sectional to stable (period) for each covariate */
       
       for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) /* For each covariate combination if any */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k1)
           continue;
         for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) { /* For each life state */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n#\n#Projection of prevalence to stable (period): 'PROJ_' files, covariatecombination#=%d state=%d",k1, cpt);
           for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each correspondig covariate value  */
             lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to k1 combination and kth covariate */
             /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
             /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
             vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv];
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[k],vlv);
           }
           for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
             fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           }       
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
           if(invalidvarcomb[k1]){
             fprintf(ficgp,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k1); 
             continue;
           }
           
           fprintf(ficgp,"# hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev\n ");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PROJ_"),cpt,k1);
           fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Prevalence\" \n\
   set ter svg size 640, 480\nunset log y\nplot [%.f:%.f]  ", ageminpar, agemaxpar);
           for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++){  /* nlstate +1 p11 p21 p.1 */
             /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
             /*#   1       2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */   
             if(i==1){
               fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\"",subdirf2(fileresu,"F_"));
             }else{
               fprintf(ficgp,",\\\n '' ");
             }
             if(cptcoveff ==0){ /* No covariate */
               ioffset=2; /* Age is in 2 */
               /*# yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#   1       2   3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               /*# V1  = 1 yearproj age p11 p21 p31 p.1 p12 p22 p32 p.2 p13 p23 p33 p.3 p14 p24 p34 p.4*/
               /*#  1    2        3   4   5  6    7  8   9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18 */
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(", ioffset); 
               if(i==nlstate+1)
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'pw.%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
               else
                 fprintf(ficgp," $%d/(1.-$%d)) t 'p%d%d' with line ",      \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
             }else{ /* more than 2 covariates */
               if(cptcoveff ==1){
                 ioffset=4; /* Age is in 4 */
               }else{
                 ioffset=6; /* Age is in 6 */
                 /*#  V1  = 1  V2 =  0 yearproj age p11 p21 p.1 p12 p22 p.2 p13 p23 p.3*/
                 /*#   1    2   3    4    5      6  7   8   9   10   11 12  13   14  15 */
               }   
               fprintf(ficgp," u %d:(",ioffset); 
               kl=0;
               strcpy(gplotcondition,"(");
               for (k=1; k<=cptcoveff; k++){    /* For each covariate writing the chain of conditions */
                 lv= decodtabm(k1,k,cptcoveff); /* Should be the covariate value corresponding to combination k1 and covariate k */
                 /* decodtabm(1,1,4) = 1 because h=1  k= (1) 1  1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(1,2,4) = 1 because h=1  k=  1 (1) 1  1 */
                 /* decodtabm(13,3,4)= 2 because h=13 k=  1  1 (2) 2 */
                 vlv= nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]; /* Value of the modality of Tvaraff[k] */
                 kl++;
                 sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),"$%d==%d && $%d==%d " ,kl,Tvaraff[k], kl+1, nbcode[Tvaraff[k]][lv]);
                 kl++;
                 if(k <cptcoveff && cptcoveff>1)
                   sprintf(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition)," && ");
               }
               strcpy(gplotcondition+strlen(gplotcondition),")");
               /* kl=6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1); /\* 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1)=7, 6+(2-1)(2+1)+1+(1-1)=10 *\/ */
               /*6+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+(1-1)*(2+1)+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /*6+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate; 6+1+(1-1) +(2+1)*2=13 */ 
               /* ''  u 6:(($1==1 && $2==0 && $3==2 && $4==0)? $9/(1.-$15) : 1/0):($5==2000? 3:2) t 'p.1' with line lc variable*/
               if(i==nlstate+1){
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p.%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1),  ioffset+1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,cpt );
               }else{
                 fprintf(ficgp,"%s ? $%d/(1.-$%d) : 1/0) t 'p%d%d' with line ", gplotcondition, \
                         ioffset+(cpt-1)*(nlstate+1)+1+(i-1), ioffset +1+(i-1)+(nlstate+1)*nlstate,i,cpt );
               }
             } /* end if covariate */
           } /* nlstate */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out\n");
         } /* end cpt state*/
       } /* end covariate */
     } /* End if prevfcast */
     
     
     /* 9eme writing MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#9eme MLE estimated parameters\n#############\n");
     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       fprintf(ficgp,"# initial state %d\n",i);
       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
         if (k != i) {
           fprintf(ficgp,"#   current state %d\n",k);
           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
             fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f; ",jk,p[jk]);
             jk++; 
           }
           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
         }
       }
     }
     fprintf(ficgp,"##############\n#\n");
     
     /*goto avoid;*/
     /* 10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences using written MLE parameters */
     fprintf(ficgp,"\n##############\n#10eme Graphics of probabilities or incidences\n#############\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p12/p11)=p1 +p2*age +p3*age*age+ p4*V1+ p5*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# logi(p13/p11)=p6 +p7*age +p8*age*age+ p9*V1+ p10*V1*age\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12+p13+p14+p11=1=p11(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p11=1/(1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#                      +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"# p12=exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)/\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#     (1+exp(a12+b12*age+c12age*age+d12*V1+e12*V1*age)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a13+b13*age+c13age*age+d13*V1+e13*V1*age))\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#       +exp(a14+b14*age+c14age*age+d14*V1+e14*V1*age)+...)\n");
     fprintf(ficgp,"#\n");
     for(ng=1; ng<=3;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year*/
       fprintf(ficgp,"#Number of graphics: first is logit, 2nd is probabilities, third is incidences per year\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"#model=%s \n",model);
       fprintf(ficgp,"# Type of graphic ng=%d\n",ng);
       fprintf(ficgp,"#   jk=1 to 2^%d=%d\n",cptcoveff,m);/* to be checked */
       for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++)  /* For each combination of covariate */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= jk)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficgp,"# Combination of dummy  jk=%d and ",jk);
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficgp," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n#\n");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s_%d-%d.svg\" ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"PE_"),jk,ng);
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter svg size 640, 480 ");
         if (ng==1){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Value of the logit of the model\"\n"); /* exp(a12+b12*x) could be nice */
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset log y");
         }else if (ng==2){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Probability\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else if (ng==3){
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y");
         }else
           fprintf(ficgp,"\nunset title ");
         fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         i=1;
         for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
           k3=i;
           for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
             if (k != k2){
               switch( ng) {
               case 1:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 2: /* ng=2 */
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               case 3:
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1,i+1+nagesqr);
                 break;
               }
               ij=1;/* To be checked else nbcode[0][0] wrong */
               ijp=1; /* product no age */
               /* for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++) { */
               for(j=1; j <=cptcovt; j++) { /* For each covariate of the simplified model */
                 /* printf("Tage[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tage[ij], j); */
                 if(j==Tage[ij]) { /* Product by age */
                   if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1, 2 V5 and V1 */
                     if(DummyV[j]==0){
                       fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]);;
                     }else{ /* quantitative */
                       fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*x",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* Tqinvresult in decoderesult */
                       /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                     }
                     ij++;
                   }
                 }else if(j==Tprod[ijp]) { /* */ 
                   /* printf("Tprod[%d]=%d, j=%d\n", ij, Tprod[ijp], j); */
                   if(ijp <=cptcovprod) { /* Product */
                     if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][1]]==0){/* Vn is dummy */
                       if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){/* Vn and Vm are dummy */
                         /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(jk,j)],nbcode[Tvard[ijp][2]][codtabm(jk,j)]); */
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                       }else{ /* Vn is dummy and Vm is quanti */
                         /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvard[ijp][1]][codtabm(jk,j)],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]); */
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                       }
                     }else{ /* Vn*Vm Vn is quanti */
                       if(DummyV[Tvard[ijp][2]]==0){
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]]);
                       }else{ /* Both quanti */
                         fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][1]],Tqinvresult[nres][Tvard[ijp][2]]);
                       }
                     }
                     ijp++;
                   }
                 } else{  /* simple covariate */
                   /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j]][codtabm(jk,j)]); /\* Valgrind bug nbcode *\/ */
                   if(Dummy[j]==0){
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /*  */
                   }else{ /* quantitative */
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%f",i+j+2+nagesqr-1,Tqinvresult[nres][Tvar[j]]); /* */
                     /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j+nagesqr-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                   }
                 } /* end simple */
               } /* end j */
             }else{
               i=i-ncovmodel;
               if(ng !=1 ) /* For logit formula of log p11 is more difficult to get */
                 fprintf(ficgp," (1.");
             }
             
             if(ng != 1){
               fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
               
               for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){ 
                 if(nagesqr==0)
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
                 else /* nagesqr =1 */
                   fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x+p%d*x*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+nagesqr);
                  
                 ij=1;
                 for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel-nagesqr; j++){
                   if((j-2)==Tage[ij]) { /* Bug valgrind */
                     if(ij <=cptcovage) { /* Bug valgrind */
                       fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);
                       /* fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,Tvar[j-2])]); */
                       ij++;
                     }
                   }
                   else
                     fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2+nagesqr,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtabm(jk,j-2)]);/* Valgrind bug nbcode */
                 }
                 fprintf(ficgp,")");
               }
               fprintf(ficgp,")");
               if(ng ==2)
                 fprintf(ficgp," t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
               else /* ng= 3 */
                 fprintf(ficgp," t \"i%d%d\" ", k2,k);
             }else{ /* end ng <> 1 */
               if( k !=k2) /* logit p11 is hard to draw */
                 fprintf(ficgp," t \"logit(p%d%d)\" ", k2,k);
             }
             if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath) && ng != 1)
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             if (ng == 1 && k!=k2 && (k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath))
               fprintf(ficgp,",");
             i=i+ncovmodel;
           } /* end k */
         } /* end k2 */
         fprintf(ficgp,"\n set out\n");
       } /* end jk */
     } /* end ng */
     /* avoid: */
     fflush(ficgp); 
   }  /* end gnuplot */
   
   
   /*************** Moving average **************/
   /* int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav, double bageout, double fageout){ */
    int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage, double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
      
      int i, cpt, cptcod;
      int modcovmax =1;
      int mobilavrange, mob;
      int iage=0;
   
      double sum=0.;
      double age;
      double *sumnewp, *sumnewm;
      double *agemingood, *agemaxgood; /* Currently identical for all covariates */
     
     
      /* modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/\* Max number of modalities. We suppose  */
      /*              a covariate has 2 modalities, should be equal to ncovcombmax  *\/ */
   
      sumnewp = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      sumnewm = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
      agemingood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);  
      agemaxgood = vector(1,ncovcombmax);
   
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
        sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
        sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
        agemingood[cptcod]=0;
        agemaxgood[cptcod]=0;
      }
      if (cptcovn<1) ncovcombmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
     
      if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
        if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
        else mobilavrange=mobilav;
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
            for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++)
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
        /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for 
           fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
           we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned. 
        */ 
        for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
          for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
            for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
              for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
                for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
                  mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
                }
                mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
              }
            }
          }/* end age */
        }/* end mob */
      }else
        return -1;
      for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncovcombmax;cptcod++){
        /* for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){ */
        if(invalidvarcomb[cptcod]){
          printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",cptcod); 
          continue;
        }
   
        agemingood[cptcod]=fage-(mob-1)/2;
        for (age=fage-(mob-1)/2; age>=bage; age--){/* From oldest to youngest, finding the youngest wrong */
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
            agemingood[cptcod]=age;
          }else{ /* bad */
            for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
            } /* i */
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
        sum=0.;
        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
          sum+=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
        }
        if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
          printf("For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one at any descending age!\n",cptcod);
          /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
          /*   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
          /* } /\* i *\/ */
        } /* end bad */
        /* else{ /\* We found some ages summing to one, we will smooth the oldest *\/ */
        /* From youngest, finding the oldest wrong */
        agemaxgood[cptcod]=bage+(mob-1)/2;
        for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage; age++){
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
          }
          if(fabs(sumnewm[cptcod] - 1.) <= 1.e-3) { /* good */
            agemaxgood[cptcod]=age;
          }else{ /* bad */
            for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
              mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
            } /* i */
          } /* end bad */
        }/* age */
        sum=0.;
        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
          sum+=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
        }
        if(fabs(sum - 1.) > 1.e-3) { /* bad */
          printf("For this combination of covariate cptcod=%d, we can't get a smoothed prevalence which sums to one at any ascending age!\n",cptcod);
          /* for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
          /*   mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod]; */
          /* } /\* i *\/ */
        } /* end bad */
                   
        for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++){
          /* printf("%d %d ", cptcod, (int)age); */
          sumnewp[cptcod]=0.;
          sumnewm[cptcod]=0.;
          for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
            sumnewp[cptcod]+=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            sumnewm[cptcod]+=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod];
            /* printf("%.4f %.4f ",probs[(int)age][i][cptcod], mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
          }
          /* printf("%.4f %.4f \n",sumnewp[cptcod], sumnewm[cptcod]); */
        }
        /* printf("\n"); */
        /* } */
        /* brutal averaging */
        for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
          for (age=1; age<=bage; age++){
            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemingood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
            /* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
          }        
          for (age=fage; age<=AGESUP; age++){
            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)agemaxgood[cptcod]][i][cptcod];
            /* printf("age=%d i=%d cptcod=%d mobaverage=%.4f \n",(int)age,i, cptcod, mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]); */
          }
        } /* end i status */
        for (i=nlstate+1; i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++){
          for (age=1; age<=AGESUP; age++){
            /*printf("i=%d, age=%d, cptcod=%d\n",i, (int)age, cptcod);*/
            mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=0.;
          }
        }
      }/* end cptcod */
      free_vector(sumnewm,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(sumnewp,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemaxgood,1, ncovcombmax);
      free_vector(agemingood,1, ncovcombmax);
      return 0;
    }/* End movingaverage */
    
   
   /************** Forecasting ******************/
    void prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
     /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection 
        agemin, agemax range of age
        dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
        anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
     */
      int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1, k4, nres=0;
     double agec; /* generic age */
     double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
     double *popeffectif,*popcount;
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
   
     agelim=AGESUP;
     /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
        in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
        We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
     */
     /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ */
     /*          firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); */
    
     strcpy(fileresf,"F_"); 
     strcat(fileresf,fileresu);
     if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
     }
     printf("\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresf);
   
     if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
   
   
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
     if(estepm < stepm){
       printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
     }
     else  hstepm=estepm;   
   
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; 
     yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
                                  fractional in yp1 */
     anprojmean=yp;
     yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
     mprojmean=yp;
     yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
     jprojmean=yp;
     if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
     if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
   
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2); 
     
     fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
     
   /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
       if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
         continue;
       if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
         printf("\nCombination (%d) projection ignored because no cases \n",k); 
         continue;
       }
       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#****** hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#");
       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
       }
       for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
       }
       fprintf(ficresf," yearproj age");
       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){ 
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)        
           fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficresf," wp.%d",j);
       }
       for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);   
         for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){ 
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm); 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; 
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k,nres);
           
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
               fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
               for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
                 fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
               fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
             } 
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
               ppij=0.;
               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
                 if (mobilav==1) 
                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][k];
                 else {
                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][k];
                 }
                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
                 }
               } /* end i */
               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
               }
             }/* end j */
           } /* end h */
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
         } /* end agec */
       } /* end yearp */
     } /* end  k */
           
     fclose(ficresf);
     printf("End of Computing forecasting \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing forecasting\n");
   
   }
   
   /* /\************** Back Forecasting ******************\/ */
   /* void prevbackforecast(char fileres[], double anback1, double mback1, double jback1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anback2, double p[], int cptcoveff){ */
   /*   /\* back1, year, month, day of starting backection  */
   /*      agemin, agemax range of age */
   /*      dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed */
   /*      anback2 year of en of backection (same day and month as back1). */
   /*   *\/ */
   /*   int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, cptcod, i, h, i1; */
   /*   double agec; /\* generic age *\/ */
   /*   double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean; */
   /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
   /*   double ***p3mat; */
   /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
   /*   char fileresfb[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
           
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
   /*   /\* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people */
   /*      in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2). */
   /*      We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection. */
   /*   *\/ */
   /*   /\* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart,\ *\/ */
   /*   /\*              firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model); *\/ */
   /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
           
   /*   strcpy(fileresfb,"FB_");  */
   /*   strcat(fileresfb,fileresu); */
   /*   if((ficresfb=fopen(fileresfb,"w"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with back forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresfb); */
   /*   } */
   /*   printf("Computing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb); */
   /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing back forecasting: result on file '%s', please wait... \n", fileresfb); */
           
   /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
           
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
   /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
   /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   } *\/ */
   /*   /\* } *\/ */
           
   /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
   /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
   /*   if(estepm < stepm){ */
   /*     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm); */
   /*   } */
   /*   else  hstepm=estepm;    */
           
   /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
   /*   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/\* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and */
   /*                                fractional in yp1 *\/ */
   /*   anprojmean=yp; */
   /*   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp); */
   /*   mprojmean=yp; */
   /*   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp); */
   /*   jprojmean=yp; */
   /*   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1; */
   /*   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1; */
           
   /*   i1=cptcoveff; */
   /*   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;} */
     
   /*   fprintf(ficresfb,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);  */
     
   /*   fprintf(ficresfb,"#****** Routine prevbackforecast **\n"); */
           
   /*      /\*           if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ *\/ */
   /*   for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
   /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
   /*       k=k+1; */
   /*       fprintf(ficresfb,"\n#****** hbijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev \n#"); */
   /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
   /*                              fprintf(ficresfb," V%d (=) %d",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
   /*       } */
   /*       fprintf(ficresfb," yearbproj age"); */
   /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){  */
   /*                              for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)               */
   /*           fprintf(ficresfb," p%d%d",i,j); */
   /*                              fprintf(ficresfb," p.%d",j); */
   /*       } */
   /*       for (yearp=0; yearp>=(anback2-anback1);yearp -=stepsize) {  */
   /*                              /\* for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {  *\/ */
   /*                              fprintf(ficresfb,"\n"); */
   /*                              fprintf(ficresfb,"\n# Back Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jback1,mback1,anback1+yearp);    */
   /*                              for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){  */
   /*                                      nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*                                      nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
   /*                                      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*                                      oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*                                      hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k);       */
   /*                                      for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*                                              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) { */
   /*               fprintf(ficresfb,"\n"); */
   /*               for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)  */
   /*                 fprintf(ficresfb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
   /*                                                      fprintf(ficresfb,"%.f %.f ",anback1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*                                              }  */
   /*                                              for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*                                                      ppij=0.; */
   /*                                                      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) { */
   /*                                                              if (mobilav==1)  */
   /*                                                                      ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod]; */
   /*                                                              else { */
   /*                                                                      ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod]; */
   /*                                                              } */
   /*                                                              if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) { */
   /*                                                                      fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]); */
   /*                                                              } */
   /*                                                      } /\* end i *\/ */
   /*                                                      if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) { */
   /*                                                              fprintf(ficresfb," %.3f", ppij); */
   /*                                                      } */
   /*                                              }/\* end j *\/ */
   /*                                      } /\* end h *\/ */
   /*                                      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*                              } /\* end agec *\/ */
   /*       } /\* end yearp *\/ */
   /*     } /\* end cptcod *\/ */
   /*   } /\* end  cptcov *\/ */
           
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
           
   /*   fclose(ficresfb); */
   /*   printf("End of Computing Back forecasting \n"); */
   /*   fprintf(ficlog,"End of Computing Back forecasting\n"); */
           
   /* } */
   
   /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
   /* void populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2s, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){ */
     
   /*   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h; */
   /*   int *popage; */
   /*   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2; */
   /*   double *popeffectif,*popcount; */
   /*   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev; */
   /*   /\* double ***mobaverage; *\/ */
   /*   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH]; */
   
   /*   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
   /*   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM; */
     
   /*   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
     
     
   /*   strcpy(filerespop,"POP_");  */
   /*   strcat(filerespop,fileresu); */
   /*   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) { */
   /*     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop); */
   /*   } */
   /*   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   /*   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop); */
   
   /*   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1; */
   
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) { *\/ */
   /*   /\*   mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){ *\/ */
   /*   /\*     fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*     printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav); *\/ */
   /*   /\*   } *\/ */
   /*   /\* } *\/ */
   
   /*   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM; */
   /*   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1; */
     
   /*   agelim=AGESUP; */
     
   /*   hstepm=1; */
   /*   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;  */
           
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) { */
   /*       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0); */
   /*     }  */
   /*     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP); */
   /*     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP); */
       
   /*     i=1;    */
   /*     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1; */
       
   /*     imx=i; */
   /*     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i]; */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){ */
   /*     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){ */
   /*       k=k+1; */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******"); */
   /*       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) { */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */
   /*       } */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n"); */
   /*       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age"); */
   /*       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j); */
   /*       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]"); */
         
   /*       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
           
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
             
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              if (mobilav==1)  */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              else { */
   /*                kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod]; */
   /*              } */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){ */
   /*              tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1; */
   /*              /\*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1); */
   /*                if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*\/ */
   /*            } */
   /*          } */
   /*          for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){ */
   /*            kk1=0.; */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){ */
   /*              kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];  */
   /*            } */
   /*            tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)]; */
   /*          } */
               
   /*          if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) */
   /*            for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)  */
   /*              fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]); */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
         
   /*       /\******\/ */
         
   /*       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {  */
   /*      fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);    */
   /*      for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){  */
   /*        nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);  */
   /*        nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;  */
             
   /*        p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*        oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
   /*        hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
   /*        for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){ */
   /*          if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) { */
   /*            fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm); */
   /*          }  */
   /*          for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) { */
   /*            kk1=0.;kk2=0; */
   /*            for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {               */
   /*              kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];     */
   /*            } */
   /*            if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);         */
   /*          } */
   /*        } */
   /*        free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm); */
   /*      } */
   /*       } */
   /*     }  */
   /*   } */
     
   /*   /\* if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); *\/ */
     
   /*   if (popforecast==1) { */
   /*     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP); */
   /*     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP); */
   /*   } */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX); */
   /*   fclose(ficrespop); */
   /* } /\* End of popforecast *\/ */
    
   int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
   {
     if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
       return (0);
     }
     fflush(fichier);
     return (1);
   }
   
   
   /**************** function prwizard **********************/
   void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
   {
   
     /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
   
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     int i,j, k, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
     int numlinepar;
   
     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
     npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/ 
     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
       jj=0;
       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
         if(j==i) continue;
         jj++;
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
         fflush(stdout);
         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
           /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
           printf(" 0.");
           fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
         }
         numlinepar++;
         printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
     }
     printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
   /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
   /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
   /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     fflush(stdout);
     fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
     /* #   ...\n\ */
     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
     
     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
       jj=0;
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if(j==i) continue;
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             jj++;
             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
             if(itimes==1){
               printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
             }else{
               printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
             }
             ll=0;
             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                 if(lj==li) continue;
                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                   ll++;
                   if(ll<=jj){
                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                     if(ll<jj){
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }else{
                       if(itimes==1){
                         printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                       }else{
                         printf(" 0.");
                         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
                       }
                     }
                   }
                 } /* end lk */
               } /* end lj */
             } /* end li */
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
             numlinepar++;
           } /* end k*/
         } /*end j */
       } /* end i */
     } /* end itimes */
   
   } /* end of prwizard */
   /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz(double x[])
   { 
     double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
   
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           L=L+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
    
     return -2*L*num/sump;
   }
   
   #ifdef GSL
   /******************* Gompertz_f Likelihood ******************************/
   double gompertz_f(const gsl_vector *v, void *params)
   { 
     double A,B,LL=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
     double *x= (double *) v->data;
     int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
   
     for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
       sump=sump+weight[i];
       /*    sump=sump+1;*/
       num=num+1;
     }
    
    
     /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++) 
        if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf\n",x[0],x[1]);
     for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
       {
         if (cens[i] == 1 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
         
         if (cens[i] == 0 && wav[i]>1)
           A=-x[0]/(x[1])*(exp(x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[1]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
                +log(x[0]/YEARM)+x[1]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);  
         
         /*if (wav[i] > 1 && agecens[i] > 15) {*/ /* ??? */
         if (wav[i] > 1 ) { /* ??? */
           LL=LL+A*weight[i];
           /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
         }
       }
   
    /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
     printf("x[0]=%lf x[1]=%lf -2*LL*num/sump=%lf\n",x[0],x[1],-2*LL*num/sump);
    
     return -2*LL*num/sump;
   }
   #endif
   
   /******************* Printing html file ***********/
   void printinghtmlmort(char fileresu[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
                     int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
                     int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
     int i,k;
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
     fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
     for (i=1;i<=2;i++) 
       fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.svg\">");
     fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
   
   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
   
    fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   l<inf>x</inf>     q<inf>x</inf> d(x,x+1)    L<inf>x</inf>     T<inf>x</inf>     e<infx</inf><br>");
   
    for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
      fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
   
    
     fflush(fichtm);
   }
   
   /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
   void printinggnuplotmort(char fileresu[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
   
     char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
   
     int ng;
   
   
     /*#ifdef windows */
     fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
       /*#endif */
   
   
     strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
     strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
     fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.svg\"\n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n "); 
     fprintf(ficgp, "set ter svg size 640, 480\n set log y\n"); 
     /* fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n"); */
     fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
   
   } 
   
   int readdata(char datafile[], int firstobs, int lastobs, int *imax)
   {
   
     /*-------- data file ----------*/
     FILE *fic;
     char dummy[]="                         ";
     int i=0, j=0, n=0, iv=0;
     int lstra;
     int linei, month, year,iout;
     char line[MAXLINE], linetmp[MAXLINE];
     char stra[MAXLINE], strb[MAXLINE];
     char *stratrunc;
   
   
   
     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem while opening datafile: %s with errno='%s'\n", datafile,strerror(errno));fflush(ficlog);return 1;
     }
   
     i=1;
     linei=0;
     while ((fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL) &&((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs))) {
       linei=linei+1;
       for(j=strlen(line); j>=0;j--){  /* Untabifies line */
         if(line[j] == '\t')
           line[j] = ' ';
       }
       for(j=strlen(line)-1; (line[j]==' ')||(line[j]==10)||(line[j]==13);j--){
         ;
       };
       line[j+1]=0;  /* Trims blanks at end of line */
       if(line[0]=='#'){
         fprintf(ficlog,"Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         printf("Comment line\n%s\n",line);
         continue;
       }
       trimbb(linetmp,line); /* Trims multiple blanks in line */
       strcpy(line, linetmp);
       
       /* Loops on waves */
       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
         for (iv=nqtv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying quantitative variables */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=-1; /* 0.0/0.0 */
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=-1; /* For performance reasons */
             if(isalpha(strb[1])) { /* .m or .d Really Missing value */
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. If missing, you should remove this individual or impute a value.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }else{
             errno=0;
             /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
             dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
             /* if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){ */
             /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
             /*    dval=dlval; */
             /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqtv, j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
             cotqvar[j][iv][i]=dval; 
             cotvar[j][ntv+iv][i]=dval; 
           }
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntqv */
         
         for (iv=ntv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on time varying dummies */
           cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
           if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
             lval=-1;
           }else{
             errno=0;
             lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
             /*    if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
             if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
               printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th dummy covariate out of %d measured at wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv, j,maxwav);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d dummy covariate out of %d measured wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,iv, ntv,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
               return 1;
             }
           }
           if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           cotvar[j][iv][i]=(double)(lval);
           strcpy(line,stra);
         }/* end loop ntv */
         
         /* Statuses  at wave */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           /*      if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))*/
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a status of wave %d. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line,j,maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         
         s[j][i]=lval;
         
         /* Date of Interview */
         strcpy(line,stra);
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' ');
         if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
         }
         else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
           month=99;
           year=9999;
         }else{
           printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of interview (mm/yyyy or .) at wave %d.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i, line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         anint[j][i]= (double) year; 
         mint[j][i]= (double)month; 
         strcpy(line,stra);
       } /* End loop on waves */
       
       /* Date of death */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.",dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of death (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       andc[i]=(double) year; 
       moisdc[i]=(double) month; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Date of birth */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%d/%d",&month, &year)) != 0){
       }
       else  if( (iout=sscanf(strb,"%s.", dummy)) != 0){
         month=99;
         year=9999;
       }else{
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy or .).  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (year==9999) {
         printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given.  Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a date of birth (mm/yyyy) but at least the year of birth should be given. Exiting.\n",strb, linei,i,line);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
         
       }
       annais[i]=(double)(year);
       moisnais[i]=(double)(month); 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       /* Sample weight */
       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
       errno=0;
       dval=strtod(strb,&endptr); 
       if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
         printf("Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%f' at line number %d, \"%s\" for individual %d\nShould be a weight.  Exiting.\n",dval, i,line,linei);
         fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       weight[i]=dval; 
       strcpy(line,stra);
       
       for (iv=nqv;iv>=1;iv--){  /* Loop  on fixed quantitative variables */
         cutv(stra, strb, line, ' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           /* what_kind_of_number(strb); */
           dval=strtod(strb,&endptr);
           /* if(strb != endptr && *endptr == '\0') */
           /*   dval=dlval; */
           /* if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) */
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%s' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be the %d th quantitative value (out of %d) constant for all waves. Setting maxwav=%d might be wrong.  Exiting.\n", strb, linei,i,line, iv, nqv, maxwav);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
           coqvar[iv][i]=dval; 
           covar[ncovcol+iv][i]=dval; /* including qvar in standard covar for performance reasons */ 
         }
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }/* end loop nqv */
       
       /* Covariate values */
       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); 
         if(strb[0]=='.') { /* Missing covariate value */
           lval=-1;
         }else{
           errno=0;
           lval=strtol(strb,&endptr,10); 
           if( strb[0]=='\0' || (*endptr != '\0')){
             printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);
             fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\nShould be a covariate value (=0 for the reference or 1 for alternative).  Exiting.\n",lval, linei,i, line);fflush(ficlog);
             return 1;
           }
         }
         if(lval <-1 || lval >1){
           printf("Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error reading data around '%ld' at line number %d for individual %d, '%s'\n \
    Should be a value of %d(nth) covariate (0 should be the value for the reference and 1\n \
    for the alternative. IMaCh does not build design variables automatically, do it yourself.\n \
    For example, for multinomial values like 1, 2 and 3,\n                 \
    build V1=0 V2=0 for the reference value (1),\n                         \
           V1=1 V2=0 for (2) \n                                            \
    and V1=0 V2=1 for (3). V1=1 V2=1 should not exist and the corresponding\n \
    output of IMaCh is often meaningless.\n                                \
    Exiting.\n",lval,linei, i,line,j);fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         covar[j][i]=(double)(lval);
         strcpy(line,stra);
       }  
       lstra=strlen(stra);
       
       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
       }
       else
         num[i]=atol(stra);
       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
       
       i=i+1;
     } /* End loop reading  data */
     
     *imax=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
     fclose(fic);
     
     return (0);
     /* endread: */
     printf("Exiting readdata: ");
     fclose(fic);
     return (1);
   }
   
   void removefirstspace(char **stri){/*, char stro[]) {*/
     char *p1 = *stri, *p2 = *stri;
     while (*p2 == ' ')
       p2++; 
     /* while ((*p1++ = *p2++) !=0) */
     /*   ; */
     /* do */
     /*   while (*p2 == ' ') */
     /*     p2++; */
     /* while (*p1++ == *p2++); */
     *stri=p2; 
   }
   
   int decoderesult ( char resultline[], int nres)
   /**< This routine decode one result line and returns the combination # of dummy covariates only **/
   {
     int j=0, k=0, k1=0, k2=0, k3=0, k4=0, match=0, k2q=0, k3q=0, k4q=0;
     char resultsav[MAXLINE];
     int resultmodel[MAXLINE];
     int modelresult[MAXLINE];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
   
     removefirstspace(&resultline);
     printf("decoderesult:%s\n",resultline);
   
     if (strstr(resultline,"v") !=0){
       printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' result: %s ",resultline);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case result: %s ",resultline);fflush(ficlog);
       return 1;
     }
     trimbb(resultsav, resultline);
     if (strlen(resultsav) >1){
       j=nbocc(resultsav,'='); /**< j=Number of covariate values'=' */
     }
     if( j != cptcovs ){ /* Be careful if a variable is in a product but not single */
       printf("ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
       fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: the number of variable in the resultline, %d, differs from the number of variable used in the model line, %d.\n",j, cptcovs);
     }
     for(k=1; k<=j;k++){ /* Loop on any covariate of the result line */
       if(nbocc(resultsav,'=') >1){
          cutl(stra,strb,resultsav,' '); /* keeps in strb after the first ' ' 
                                         resultsav= V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0 strb=V3=0 stra= V4=1 V5=25.1 */
          cutl(strc,strd,strb,'=');  /* strb:V4=1 strc=1 strd=V4 */
       }else
         cutl(strc,strd,resultsav,'=');
       Tvalsel[k]=atof(strc); /* 1 */
       
       cutl(strc,stre,strd,'V'); /* strd='V4' strc=4 stre='V' */;
       Tvarsel[k]=atoi(strc);
       /* Typevarsel[k]=1;  /\* 1 for age product *\/ */
       /* cptcovsel++;     */
       if (nbocc(stra,'=') >0)
         strcpy(resultsav,stra); /* and analyzes it */
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single covariate in model */
         match=0;
         for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){/* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) {/* Tvar[1]=5 == Tvarsel[2]=5   */
             modelresult[k2]=k1;/* modelresult[2]=1 modelresult[1]=2  modelresult[3]=3  modelresult[6]=4 modelresult[9]=5 */
             match=1;
             break;
           }
         }
         if(match == 0){
           printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
         }
       }
     }
     /* Checking for missing or useless values in comparison of current model needs */
     for(k2=1; k2 <=j;k2++){ /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
       match=0;
       for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt ;k1++){ /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         if(Typevar[k1]==0){ /* Single */
           if(Tvar[k1]==Tvarsel[k2]) { /* Tvar[2]=4 == Tvarsel[1]=4   */
             resultmodel[k1]=k2;  /* resultmodel[2]=1 resultmodel[1]=2  resultmodel[3]=3  resultmodel[6]=4 resultmodel[9]=5 */
             ++match;
           }
         }
       }
       if(match == 0){
         printf("Error in result line: %d value missing; result: %s, model=%s\n",k1, resultline, model);
       }else if(match > 1){
         printf("Error in result line: %d doubled; result: %s, model=%s\n",k2, resultline, model);
       }
     }
         
     /* We need to deduce which combination number is chosen and save quantitative values */
     /* model line V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
     /* result line V4=1 V5=25.1 V3=0  V2=8 V1=1 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 5 + (1offset) = 6*/
     /* result line V4=1 V5=24.1 V3=1  V2=8 V1=0 */
     /* should give a combination of dummy V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 => V4*2**(0) + V3*2**(1) + V1*2**(2) = 3 + (1offset) = 4*/
     /*    1 0 0 0 */
     /*    2 1 0 0 */
     /*    3 0 1 0 */ 
     /*    4 1 1 0 */ /* V4=1, V3=1, V1=0 */
     /*    5 0 0 1 */
     /*    6 1 0 1 */ /* V4=1, V3=0, V1=1 */
     /*    7 0 1 1 */
     /*    8 1 1 1 */
     /* V(Tvresult)=Tresult V4=1 V3=0 V1=1 Tresult[nres=1][2]=0 */
     /* V(Tvqresult)=Tqresult V5=25.1 V2=8 Tqresult[nres=1][1]=25.1 */
     /* V5*age V5 known which value for nres?  */
     /* Tqinvresult[2]=8 Tqinvresult[1]=25.1  */
     for(k1=1, k=0, k4=0, k4q=0; k1 <=cptcovt;k1++){ /* model line */
       if( Dummy[k1]==0 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single dummy */
         k3= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2(V4)] = 1=k3 */
         k2=(int)Tvarsel[k3]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         k+=Tvalsel[k3]*pow(2,k4);  /*  Tvalsel[1]=1  */
         Tresult[nres][k4+1]=Tvalsel[k3];/* Tresult[nres][1]=1(V4=1)  Tresult[nres][2]=0(V3=0) */
         Tvresult[nres][k4+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3];/* Tvresult[nres][1]=4 Tvresult[nres][3]=1 */
         Tinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3]]=Tvalsel[k3]; /* Tinvresult[nres][4]=1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Dummy k=%d, V(k2=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, 2**(%d)\n",k, k2, k3, (int)Tvalsel[k3], k4);
         k4++;;
       }  else if( Dummy[k1]==1 && Typevar[k1]==0 ){ /* Single quantitative */
         k3q= resultmodel[k1]; /* resultmodel[2] = 1=k3 */
         k2q=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /*  Tvarsel[resultmodel[2]]= Tvarsel[1] = 4=k2 */
         Tqresult[nres][k4q+1]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqresult[nres][1]=25.1 */
         Tvqresult[nres][k4q+1]=(int)Tvarsel[k3q]; /* Tvqresult[nres][1]=5 */
         Tqinvresult[nres][(int)Tvarsel[k3q]]=Tvalsel[k3q]; /* Tqinvresult[nres][5]=25.1 */
         printf("Decoderesult Quantitative nres=%d, V(k2q=V%d)= Tvalsel[%d]=%d, Tvarsel[%d]=%f\n",nres, k2q, k3q, Tvarsel[k3q], k3q, Tvalsel[k3q]);
         k4q++;;
       }
     }
     
     TKresult[nres]=++k; /* Combination for the nresult and the model */
     return (0);
   }
   
   int decodemodel( char model[], int lastobs)
    /**< This routine decodes the model and returns:
           * Model  V1+V2+V3+V8+V7*V8+V5*V6+V8*age+V3*age+age*age
           * - nagesqr = 1 if age*age in the model, otherwise 0.
           * - cptcovt total number of covariates of the model nbocc(+)+1 = 8 excepting constant and age and age*age
           * - cptcovn or number of covariates k of the models excluding age*products =6 and age*age
           * - cptcovage number of covariates with age*products =2
           * - cptcovs number of simple covariates
           * - Tvar[k] is the id of the kth covariate Tvar[1]@12 {1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, 8, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6}, thus Tvar[5=V7*V8]=10
           *     which is a new column after the 9 (ncovcol) variables. 
           * - if k is a product Vn*Vm covar[k][i] is filled with correct values for each individual
           * - Tprod[l] gives the kth covariates of the product Vn*Vm l=1 to cptcovprod-cptcovage
           *    Tprod[1]@2 {5, 6}: position of first product V7*V8 is 5, and second V5*V6 is 6.
           * - Tvard[k]  p Tvard[1][1]@4 {7, 8, 5, 6} for V7*V8 and V5*V6 .
           */
   {
     int i, j, k, ks, v;
     int  j1, k1, k2, k3, k4;
     char modelsav[80];
     char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80];
     char *strpt;
   
     /*removespace(model);*/
     if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
       j=0, j1=0, k1=0, k2=-1, ks=0, cptcovn=0;
       if (strstr(model,"AGE") !=0){
         printf("Error. AGE must be in lower case 'age' model=1+age+%s. ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. AGE must be in lower case model=1+age+%s. ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       if (strstr(model,"v") !=0){
         printf("Error. 'v' must be in upper case 'V' model=%s ",model);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error. 'v' must be in upper case model=%s ",model);fflush(ficlog);
         return 1;
       }
       strcpy(modelsav,model); 
       if ((strpt=strstr(model,"age*age")) !=0){
         printf(" strpt=%s, model=%s\n",strpt, model);
         if(strpt != model){
           printf("Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error in model: 'model=%s'; 'age*age' should in first place before other covariates\n \
    'model=1+age+age*age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.', please swap as well as \n \
    corresponding column of parameters.\n",model); fflush(ficlog);
           return 1;
         }
         nagesqr=1;
         if (strstr(model,"+age*age") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "+age*age");
         else if (strstr(model,"age*age+") !=0)
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age+");
         else 
           substrchaine(modelsav, model, "age*age");
       }else
         nagesqr=0;
       if (strlen(modelsav) >1){
         j=nbocc(modelsav,'+'); /**< j=Number of '+' */
         j1=nbocc(modelsav,'*'); /**< j1=Number of '*' */
         cptcovs=j+1-j1; /**<  Number of simple covariates V1+V1*age+V3 +V3*V4+age*age=> V1 + V3 =5-3=2  */
         cptcovt= j+1; /* Number of total covariates in the model, not including
                        * cst, age and age*age 
                        * V1+V1*age+ V3 + V3*V4+age*age=> 3+1=4*/
         /* including age products which are counted in cptcovage.
          * but the covariates which are products must be treated 
          * separately: ncovn=4- 2=2 (V1+V3). */
         cptcovprod=j1; /**< Number of products  V1*V2 +v3*age = 2 */
         cptcovprodnoage=0; /**< Number of covariate products without age: V3*V4 =1  */
         
         
         /*   Design
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9 Weight
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          * Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8
          *   k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8
          *  cptcovn number of covariates (not including constant and age ) = # of + plus 1 = 7+1=8
          *  covar[k,i], value of kth covariate if not including age for individual i:
          *       covar[1][i]= (V1), covar[4][i]=(V4), covar[8][i]=(V8)
          *  Tvar[k] # of the kth covariate:  Tvar[1]=2  Tvar[2]=1 Tvar[4]=3 Tvar[8]=8
          *       if multiplied by age: V3*age Tvar[3=V3*age]=3 (V3) Tvar[7]=8 and 
          *  Tage[++cptcovage]=k
          *       if products, new covar are created after ncovcol with k1
          *  Tvar[k]=ncovcol+k1; # of the kth covariate product:  Tvar[5]=ncovcol+1=10  Tvar[6]=ncovcol+1=11
          *  Tprod[k1]=k; Tprod[1]=5 Tprod[2]= 6; gives the position of the k1th product
          *  Tvard[k1][1]=m Tvard[k1][2]=m; Tvard[1][1]=5 (V5) Tvard[1][2]=6 Tvard[2][1]=7 (V7) Tvard[2][2]=8
          *  Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];
          *  Tvar[8+1]=5;Tvar[8+2]=6;Tvar[8+3]=7;Tvar[8+4]=8 inverted
          *  V1   V2   V3   V4  V5  V6  V7  V8  V9  V10  V11
          *  <          ncovcol=8                >
          *       Model V2 + V1 + V3*age + V3 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V8*age + V8    d1   d1   d2  d2
          *          k=  1    2      3       4     5       6      7        8    9   10   11  12
          *     Tvar[k]= 2    1      3       3    10      11      8        8    5    6    7   8
          * p Tvar[1]@12={2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          * p Tprod[1]@2={                         6, 5}
          *p Tvard[1][1]@4= {7, 8, 5, 6}
          * covar[k][i]= V2   V1      ?      V3    V5*V6?   V7*V8?  ?       V8   
          *  cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
          *How to reorganize?
          * Model V1 + V2 + V3 + V8 + V5*V6 + V7*V8 + V3*age + V8*age
          * Tvars {2,   1,     3,      3,   11,     10,     8,       8,   7,   8,   5,  6}
          *       {2,   1,     4,      8,    5,      6,     3,       7}
          * Struct []
          */
         
         /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
         /* j is the number of + signs in the model V1+V2+V3 j=2 i=3 to 1 */
         /*   modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4  */
         /*        k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tage[cptcovage=1]=4 */
         /*        k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4) */
         /*        k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1) */
         /*        k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2) */
         /*        k=5 Tvar[5] */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) { */
         /*        cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[k])]; */
         /*        } */
         /* for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=nbcode[Tvar[Tage[k]]][codtabm(ij,Tvar[Tage[k])]]*cov[2]; */
         /*
          * Treating invertedly V2+V1+V3*age+V2*V4 is as if written V2*V4 +V3*age + V1 + V2 */
         for(k=cptcovt; k>=1;k--){ /**< Number of covariates not including constant and age, neither age*age*/
           Tvar[k]=0; Tprod[k]=0; Tposprod[k]=0;
         }
         cptcovage=0;
         for(k=1; k<=cptcovt;k++){ /* Loop on total covariates of the model */
           cutl(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the first '+' 
                                            modelsav==V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
           if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
           /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
           /*scanf("%d",i);*/
           if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /**< Model includes a product V2+V1+V4+V3*age strb=V3*age */
             cutl(strc,strd,strb,'*'); /**< strd*strc  Vm*Vn: strb=V3*age(input) strc=age strd=V3 ; V3*V2 strc=V2, strd=V3 */
             if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /**< Model includes age: Vn*age */
               /* covar is not filled and then is empty */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd=V3(input): stre="3" */
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);  /* V2+V1+V4+V3*age Tvar[4]=3 ; V1+V2*age Tvar[2]=2; V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1 */
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++; /* Sums the number of covariates which include age as a product */
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;  /* Tvar[4]=3, Tage[1] = 4 or V1+V1*age Tvar[2]=1, Tage[1]=2 */
               /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
             } else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
               cptcovprod--;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V');
               Tvar[k]=atoi(stre);
               Typevar[k]=1;  /* 1 for age product */
               cptcovage++;
               Tage[cptcovage]=k;
             } else {  /* Age is not in the model product V2+V1+V1*V4+V3*age+V3*V2  strb=V3*V2*/
               /* loops on k1=1 (V3*V2) and k1=2 V4*V3 */
               cptcovn++;
               cptcovprodnoage++;k1++;
               cutl(stre,strb,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n; strb=V3*V2 stre=3 strc=*/
               Tvar[k]=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv+k1; /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
                                                   because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
                                                   which is after existing variables ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv + k1
                                                   If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2
                                                   Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 Tvar[5=V3*V2]=4 + 2= 6, etc */
               Typevar[k]=2;  /* 2 for double fixed dummy covariates */
               cutl(strc,strb,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
               Tprod[k1]=k;  /* Tprod[1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2  */
               Tposprod[k]=k1; /* Tpsprod[3]=1, Tposprod[2]=5 */
               Tvard[k1][1] =atoi(strc); /* m 1 for V1*/
               Tvard[k1][2] =atoi(stre); /* n 4 for V4*/
               k2=k2+2;  /* k2 is initialize to -1, We want to store the n and m in Vn*Vm at the end of Tvar */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2]=Tvard[k1][1]; /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+k2=1)=5]= 1 (V1) *\/ */
               /* Tvar[cptcovt+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];  /\* Tvar[(cptcovt=4+(k2=1)+1)=6]= 4 (V4) *\/ */
               /*ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2, Tvar[3]=5, Tvar[4]=6, cptcovt=5 */
               /*                     1  2   3      4     5 | Tvar[5+1)=1, Tvar[7]=2   */
               for (i=1; i<=lastobs;i++){
                 /* Computes the new covariate which is a product of
                    covar[n][i]* covar[m][i] and stores it at ncovol+k1 May not be defined */
                 covar[ncovcol+k1][i]=covar[atoi(stre)][i]*covar[atoi(strc)][i];
               }
             } /* End age is not in the model */
           } /* End if model includes a product */
           else { /* no more sum */
             /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
             /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
             cutl(strd,strc,strb,'V');
             ks++; /**< Number of simple covariates dummy or quantitative, fixe or varying */
             cptcovn++; /** V4+V3+V5: V4 and V3 timevarying dummy covariates, V5 timevarying quantitative */
             Tvar[k]=atoi(strd);
             Typevar[k]=0;  /* 0 for simple covariates */
           }
           strcpy(modelsav,stra);  /* modelsav=V2+V1+V4 stra=V2+V1+V4 */ 
                                   /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
                                     scanf("%d",i);*/
         } /* end of loop + on total covariates */
       } /* end if strlen(modelsave == 0) age*age might exist */
     } /* end if strlen(model == 0) */
     
     /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
       If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
     
     /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
        printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
        scanf("%d ",i);*/
   
   
   /* Until here, decodemodel knows only the grammar (simple, product, age*) of the model but not what kind
      of variable (dummy vs quantitative, fixed vs time varying) is behind. But we know the # of each. */
   /* ncovcol= 1, nqv=1 | ntv=2, nqtv= 1  = 5 possible variables data: 2 fixed 3, varying
      model=        V5 + V4 +V3 + V4*V3 + V5*age + V2 + V1*V2 + V1*age + V5*age, V1 is not used saving its place
      k =           1    2   3     4       5       6      7      8        9
      Tvar[k]=      5    4   3 1+1+2+1+1=6 5       2      7      1        5
      Typevar[k]=   0    0   0     2       1       0      2      1        1
      Fixed[k]      1    1   1     1       3       0    0 or 2   2        3
      Dummy[k]      1    0   0     0       3       1      1      2        3
             Tmodelind[combination of covar]=k;
   */  
   /* Dispatching between quantitative and time varying covariates */
     /* If Tvar[k] >ncovcol it is a product */
     /* Tvar[k] is the value n of Vn with n varying for 1 to nvcol, or p  Vp=Vn*Vm for product */
           /* Computing effective variables, ie used by the model, that is from the cptcovt variables */
     printf("Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Model=%s\n\
   Typevar: 0 for simple covariate (dummy, quantitative, fixed or varying), 1 for age product, 2 for  product \n\
   Fixed[k] 0=fixed (product or simple), 1 varying, 2 fixed with age product, 3 varying with age product \n\
   Dummy[k] 0=dummy (0 1), 1 quantitative (single or product without age), 2 dummy with age product, 3 quant with age product\n",model);
   
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=0;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=0;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       DummyV[v]=1;
       FixedV[v]=1;
     }
     for(v=1; v <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv;v++){
       printf("Decodemodel: V%d, Dummy(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Decodemodel: V%d, Dummy(V%d)=%d, FixedV(V%d)=%d\n",v,v,DummyV[v],v,FixedV[v]);
     }
     for(k=1, ncovf=0, nsd=0, nsq=0, ncovv=0, ncova=0, ncoveff=0, nqfveff=0, ntveff=0, nqtveff=0;k<=cptcovt; k++){ /* or cptocvt */
       if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol && Typevar[k]==0 ){ /* Simple fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         nsd++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol &&  Typevar[k]==2){ /* Product of fixed dummy (<=ncovcol) covariates */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ncoveff++;
         ncovf++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFD[ncoveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarFD[1]=V1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
         TvarFDind[ncoveff]=k; /* TvarFDind[1]=9 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv && Typevar[k]==0){ /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         Fixed[k]= 0;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqfveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= FQ;
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         ncovf++;
         TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
         TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
         TvarFQ[nqfveff]=Tvar[k]-ncovcol; /* TvarFQ[1]=V2-1=1st in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
         TvarFQind[nqfveff]=k; /* TvarFQind[1]=6 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple fixed quantitative variable */
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv && Typevar[k]==0){/* Only simple time varying variables */
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 0;
         ntveff++; /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VD;
         nsd++;
         TvarsD[nsd]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsDind[nsd]=k;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
         TvarVD[ntveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVD[1]=V4  TvarVD[2]=V3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         TvarVDind[ntveff]=k; /* TvarVDind[1]=2 TvarVDind[2]=3 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying dummy variable */
         printf("Quasi Tmodelind[%d]=%d,Tvar[Tmodelind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv=%d\n",ntveff,k,ntveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv);
       }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv  && Typevar[k]==0){ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable V5*/
         Fixed[k]= 1;
         Dummy[k]= 1;
         nqtveff++;
         modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
         modell[k].subtype= VQ;
         ncovv++; /* Only simple time varying variables */
         nsq++;
         TvarsQ[nsq]=Tvar[k];
         TvarsQind[nsq]=k;
         TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
         TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
         TvarVQ[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]; /* TvarVQ[1]=V5 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TvarVQind[nqtveff]=k; /* TvarVQind[1]=1 in V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 */ /* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         TmodelInvQind[nqtveff]=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv;/* Only simple time varying quantitative variable */
         /* Tmodeliqind[k]=nqtveff;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         printf("Quasi TmodelQind[%d]=%d,Tvar[TmodelQind[%d]]=V%d, ncovcol=%d, nqv=%d, ntv=%d,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv=%d\n",nqtveff,k,nqtveff,Tvar[k], ncovcol, nqv, ntv, Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
         printf("Quasi TmodelInvQind[%d]=%d\n",k,Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv-ntv);
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 1) {  /* product with age */
         ncova++;
         TvarA[ncova]=Tvar[k];
         TvarAind[ncova]=k;
         if (Tvar[k] <=ncovcol ){ /* Product age with fixed dummy covariatee */
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFD;
           /* ncoveff++; */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv) { /* Remind that product Vn*Vm are added in k*/
           Fixed[k]= 2;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APFQ;                /*      Product age * fixed quantitative */
           /* nqfveff++;  /\* Only simple fixed quantitative variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv ){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 2;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVD;                /*      Product age * varying dummy */
           /* ntveff++; /\* Only simple time varying dummy variable *\/ */
         }else if( Tvar[k] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           Fixed[k]= 3;
           Dummy[k]= 3;
           modell[k].maintype= ATYPE;
           modell[k].subtype= APVQ;                /*      Product age * varying quantitative */
           /* nqtveff++;/\* Only simple time varying quantitative variable *\/ */
         }
       }else if (Typevar[k] == 2) {  /* product without age */
         k1=Tposprod[k];
         if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovf++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed dummy * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           } 
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 0;  /* or 2 ?*/
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= FTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= FPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovf++; /* Fixed variables without age */
             TvarF[ncovf]=Tvar[k];
             TvarFind[ncovf]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product fixed quantitative * varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           } 
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 0;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDD;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying dummy * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           } 
         }else if(Tvard[k1][1] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
           if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * fixed quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPDQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying dummy */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           }else if(Tvard[k1][2] <=ncovcol+nqv+ntv+nqtv){
             Fixed[k]= 1;
             Dummy[k]= 1;
             modell[k].maintype= VTYPE;
             modell[k].subtype= VPQQ;              /*      Product time varying quantitative * time varying quantitative */
             ncovv++; /* Varying variables without age */
             TvarV[ncovv]=Tvar[k];
             TvarVind[ncovv]=k;
           } 
         }else{
           printf("Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error unknown type of covariate: Tvard[%d][1]=%d,Tvard[%d][2]=%d\n",k1,Tvard[k1][1],k1,Tvard[k1][2]);
         } /* end k1 */
       }else{
         printf("Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Error, current version can't treat for performance reasons, Tvar[%d]=%d, Typevar[%d]=%d\n", k, Tvar[k], k, Typevar[k]);
       }
       printf("Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
       printf("           modell[%d].maintype=%d, modell[%d].subtype=%d\n",k,modell[k].maintype,k,modell[k].subtype);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Decodemodel, k=%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d,Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",k, k,Tvar[k],Typevar[k],Fixed[k],Dummy[k]);
     }
     /* Searching for doublons in the model */
     for(k1=1; k1<= cptcovt;k1++){
       for(k2=1; k2 <k1;k2++){
         if((Typevar[k1]==Typevar[k2]) && (Fixed[Tvar[k1]]==Fixed[Tvar[k2]]) && (Dummy[Tvar[k1]]==Dummy[Tvar[k2]] )){
           if((Typevar[k1] == 0 || Typevar[k1] == 1)){ /* Simple or age product */
             if(Tvar[k1]==Tvar[k2]){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Tvar[%d]=V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n", model, k1,k2, k1, Tvar[k1], k2, Tvar[k2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }else if (Typevar[k1] ==2){
             k3=Tposprod[k1];
             k4=Tposprod[k2];
             if( ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][1])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][2])) || ((Tvard[k3][1]== Tvard[k4][2])&&(Tvard[k3][2]== Tvard[k4][1])) ){
               printf("Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"Error duplication in the model=%s at positions (+) %d and %d, V%d*V%d, Typevar=%d, Fixed=%d, Dummy=%d\n",model, k1,k2, Tvard[k3][1], Tvard[k3][2],Typevar[k1],Fixed[Tvar[k1]],Dummy[Tvar[k1]]); fflush(ficlog);
               return(1);
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }
     printf("ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncoveff=%d, nqfveff=%d, ntveff=%d, nqtveff=%d, cptcovn=%d\n",ncoveff,nqfveff,ntveff,nqtveff,cptcovn);
     printf("ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd,nsq);
     fprintf(ficlog,"ncovf=%d, ncovv=%d, ncova=%d, nsd=%d, nsq=%d\n",ncovf,ncovv,ncova,nsd, nsq);
     return (0); /* with covar[new additional covariate if product] and Tage if age */ 
     /*endread:*/
     printf("Exiting decodemodel: ");
     return (1);
   }
   
   int calandcheckages(int imx, int maxwav, double *agemin, double *agemax, int *nberr, int *nbwarn )
   {
     int i, m;
     int firstone=0;
     
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
       for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
         if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
           anint[m][i]=9999;
           if (s[m][i] != -2) /* Keeping initial status of unknown vital status */
             s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           *nberr = *nberr + 1;
           if(firstone == 0){
             firstone=1;
           printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results can be biased (%d) because status is a death state %d at wave %d. Wave dropped.\nOther similar cases in log file\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr,s[m][i],m);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results can be biased (%d) because status is a death state %d at wave %d. Wave dropped.\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i, *nberr,s[m][i],m);
           s[m][i]=-1;
         }
         if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]); 
           s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
         }
       }
     }
   
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
       for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
         if(s[m][i] >0  || s[m][i]==-1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){ /* What if s[m][i]=-1 */
           if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
             if(agedc[i]>0){
               if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999){
                 agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
                 /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
               }else {
                 if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
                   nbwarn++;
                   printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
                   agev[m][i]=-1;
                 }
               }
             } /* agedc > 0 */
           } /* end if */
           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
                                    years but with the precision of a month */
             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
             if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
               agev[m][i]=1;
             else if(agev[m][i] < *agemin){ 
               *agemin=agev[m][i];
               printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemin);
             }
             else if(agev[m][i] >*agemax){
               *agemax=agev[m][i];
               /* printf(" Max anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], *agemax);*/
             }
             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
             /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
           } /* en if 9*/
           else { /* =9 */
             /* printf("Debug num[%d]=%ld s[%d][%d]=%d\n",i,num[i], m,i, s[m][i]); */
             agev[m][i]=1;
             s[m][i]=-1;
           }
         }
         else if(s[m][i]==0) /*= 0 Unknown */
           agev[m][i]=1;
         else{
           printf("Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           fprintf(ficlog, "Warning, num[%d]=%ld, s[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, num[i], m, i,s[m][i]); 
           agev[m][i]=0;
         }
       } /* End for lastpass */
     }
       
     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
       for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
           (*nberr)++;
           printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);     
           return 1;
         }
       }
     }
   
     /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
     for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
        printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
   }
   
   }*/
   
   
     printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, *agemin, *agemax); 
   
     return (0);
    /* endread:*/
       printf("Exiting calandcheckages: ");
       return (1);
   }
   
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   /*printf("Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   /*fprintf(ficlog, "Visual C++ compiler: %s \n;", _MSC_FULL_VER);*/
   //#include "stdafx.h"
   //#include <stdio.h>
   //#include <tchar.h>
   //#include <windows.h>
   //#include <iostream>
   typedef BOOL(WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
   LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
   BOOL IsWow64()
   {
           BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE;
   
           //typedef BOOL (APIENTRY *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
           //  (HANDLE, PBOOL);
   
           //LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process;
   
           HMODULE module = GetModuleHandle(_T("kernel32"));
           const char funcName[] = "IsWow64Process";
           fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS)
                   GetProcAddress(module, funcName);
   
           if (NULL != fnIsWow64Process)
           {
                   if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(),
                           &bIsWow64))
                           //throw std::exception("Unknown error");
                           printf("Unknown error\n");
           }
           return bIsWow64 != FALSE;
   }
   #endif
   
   void syscompilerinfo(int logged)
    {
      /* #include "syscompilerinfo.h"*/
      /* command line Intel compiler 32bit windows, XP compatible:*/
      /* /GS /W3 /Gy
         /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG" /D
         "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_USING_V110_SDK71_" /D "_UNICODE" /D
         "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope /Gd /Oi /MT /Fa"Release\" /EHsc /nologo
         /Fo"Release\" /Qprof-dir "Release\" /Fp"Release\IMaCh.pch"
      */ 
      /* 64 bits */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy
        /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O2 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" /D "NDEBUG"
        /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo /Zc:forScope
        /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir
        "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" */
      /* Optimization are useless and O3 is slower than O2 */
      /*
        /GS /W3 /Gy /Zc:wchar_t /Zi /O3 /Fd"x64\Release\vc120.pdb" /D "WIN32" 
        /D "NDEBUG" /D "_CONSOLE" /D "_LIB" /D "_UNICODE" /D "UNICODE" /Qipo 
        /Zc:forScope /Oi /MD /Fa"x64\Release\" /EHsc /nologo /Qparallel 
        /Fo"x64\Release\" /Qprof-dir "x64\Release\" /Fp"x64\Release\IMaCh.pch" 
      */
      /* Link is */ /* /OUT:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.exe" /MANIFEST /NXCOMPAT
         /PDB:"visual studio
         2013\Projects\IMaCh\Release\IMaCh.pdb" /DYNAMICBASE
         "kernel32.lib" "user32.lib" "gdi32.lib" "winspool.lib"
         "comdlg32.lib" "advapi32.lib" "shell32.lib" "ole32.lib"
         "oleaut32.lib" "uuid.lib" "odbc32.lib" "odbccp32.lib"
         /MACHINE:X86 /OPT:REF /SAFESEH /INCREMENTAL:NO
         /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE",5.01" /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker'
         uiAccess='false'"
         /ManifestFile:"Release\IMaCh.exe.intermediate.manifest" /OPT:ICF
         /NOLOGO /TLBID:1
      */
   #if defined __INTEL_COMPILER
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
           struct utsname sysInfo;  /* For Intel on Linux and OS/X */
   #endif
   #elif defined(__GNUC__) 
   #ifndef  __APPLE__
   #include <gnu/libc-version.h>  /* Only on gnu */
   #endif
      struct utsname sysInfo;
      int cross = CROSS;
      if (cross){
              printf("Cross-");
              if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, "Cross-");
      }
   #endif
   
   #include <stdint.h>
   
      printf("Compiled with:");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog,"Compiled with:");
   #if defined(__clang__)
      printf(" Clang/LLVM");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Clang/LLVM");       /* Clang/LLVM. ---------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
      printf(" Intel ICC/ICPC");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Intel ICC/ICPC");/* Intel ICC/ICPC. ------------------------------------------ */
   #endif
   #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
      printf(" GNU GCC/G++");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," GNU GCC/G++");/* GNU GCC/G++. --------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__HP_cc) || defined(__HP_aCC)
      printf(" Hewlett-Packard C/aC++");if(logged)fprintf(fcilog," Hewlett-Packard C/aC++"); /* Hewlett-Packard C/aC++. ---------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__IBMC__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
      printf(" IBM XL C/C++"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," IBM XL C/C++");/* IBM XL C/C++. -------------------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      printf(" Microsoft Visual Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Microsoft Visual Studio");/* Microsoft Visual Studio. --------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__PGI)
      printf(" Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP");/* Portland Group PGCC/PGCPP. ------------------------------- */
   #endif
   #if defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
      printf(" Oracle Solaris Studio");if(logged)fprintf(ficlog," Oracle Solaris Studio\n");/* Oracle Solaris Studio. ----------------------------------- */
   #endif
      printf(" for "); if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, " for ");
      
   // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4605842/how-to-identify-platform-compiler-from-preprocessor-macros
   #ifdef _WIN32 // note the underscore: without it, it's not msdn official!
       // Windows (x64 and x86)
      printf("Windows (x64 and x86) ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Windows (x64 and x86) ");
   #elif __unix__ // all unices, not all compilers
       // Unix
      printf("Unix ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Unix ");
   #elif __linux__
       // linux
      printf("linux ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"linux ");
   #elif __APPLE__
       // Mac OS, not sure if this is covered by __posix__ and/or __unix__ though..
      printf("Mac OS ");if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Mac OS ");
   #endif
   
   /*  __MINGW32__   */
   /*  __CYGWIN__   */
   /* __MINGW64__  */
   // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx
   /* _MSC_VER  //the Visual C++ compiler is 17.00.51106.1, the _MSC_VER macro evaluates to 1700. Type cl /?  */
   /* _MSC_FULL_VER //the Visual C++ compiler is 15.00.20706.01, the _MSC_FULL_VER macro evaluates to 150020706 */
   /* _WIN64  // Defined for applications for Win64. */
   /* _M_X64 // Defined for compilations that target x64 processors. */
   /* _DEBUG // Defined when you compile with /LDd, /MDd, and /MTd. */
   
   #if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffff
      printf(" 32-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 32-bit");/* 32-bit */
   #elif UINTPTR_MAX == 0xffffffffffffffff
      printf(" 64-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," 64-bit");/* 64-bit */
   #else
      printf(" wtf-bit"); if(logged) fprintf(ficlog," wtf-bit");/* wtf */
   #endif
   
   #if defined(__GNUC__)
   # if defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 \
                               + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
   # else
   #  define __GNUC_VERSION__ (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100)
   # endif
      printf(" using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog, " using GNU C version %d.\n", __GNUC_VERSION__);
   
      if (uname(&sysInfo) != -1) {
        printf("Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
            if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"Running on: %s %s %s %s %s\n ",sysInfo.sysname, sysInfo.nodename, sysInfo.release, sysInfo.version, sysInfo.machine);
      }
      else
         perror("uname() error");
      //#ifndef __INTEL_COMPILER 
   #if !defined (__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__APPLE__)
      printf("GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version()); 
      if(logged) fprintf(ficlog,"GNU libc version: %s\n", gnu_get_libc_version());
   #endif
   #endif
   
      //   void main()
      //   {
   #if defined(_MSC_VER)
      if (IsWow64()){
              printf("\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe program (probably compiled for 32bit) is running under WOW64 (64bit) emulation.\n");
      }
      else{
              printf("\nThe program is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
              if (logged) fprintf(ficlog, "\nThe programm is not running under WOW64 (i.e probably on a 64bit Windows).\n");
      }
      //      printf("\nPress Enter to continue...");
      //      getchar();
      //   }
   
   #endif
      
   
   }
   
   int prevalence_limit(double *p, double **prlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp){
     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
     int i, j, k, i1, k4=0, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
   
     strcpy(filerespl,"PL_");
     strcat(filerespl,fileresu);
     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);return 1;
     }
     printf("\nComputing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nComputing period (stable) prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
     pstamp(ficrespl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"# Period (stable) prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
   
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
   
     /* i1=pow(2,ncoveff); */
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
     for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For each combination k of dummy covariates in the model */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
   
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
         /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=1;cptcov++){ */
         //for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
         /* k=k+1; */
         /* to clean */
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); /* Here problem for varying dummy*/
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficrespl,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no case \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
   
         fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficrespl,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficrespl,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k, nres);
           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  prlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficrespl," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
       } /* cptcov */
     } /* nres */
     return 0;
   }
   
   int back_prevalence_limit(double *p, double **bprlim, double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double ftolpl, int *ncvyearp, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass, int mobilavproj){
           /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
           
           /* Computes the back prevalence limit  for any combination      of covariate values 
      * at any age between ageminpar and agemaxpar
            */
     int i, j, k, i1, nres=0 ;
     /* double ftolpl = 1.e-10; */
     double age, agebase, agelim;
     double tot;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
     /* double      **dnewm, **doldm, **dsavm;  /\* for use *\/ */
   
     strcpy(fileresplb,"PLB_");
     strcat(fileresplb,fileresu);
     if((ficresplb=fopen(fileresplb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with period (stable) back prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with period (stable) back prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresplb);return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing period (stable) back prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing period (stable) back prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", fileresplb);
     pstamp(ficresplb);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"# Period (stable) back prevalence. Precision given by ftolpl=%g \n", ftolpl);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"%d-%d ",i,i);
     fprintf(ficresplb,"\n");
     
     
     /* prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);*/ /* back in main */
     
     agebase=ageminpar;
     agelim=agemaxpar;
     
     
     i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
     
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         //printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,codtabm(cptcod,cptcov));
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#******");
         printf("#******");
         fprintf(ficlog,"#******");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff ;j++) {/* all covariates */
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresplb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficresplb,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           printf("\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficresplb,"#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           fprintf(ficlog,"\nCombination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
       
         fprintf(ficresplb,"#Age ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresplb,"V%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficresplb,"  %d-%d   ",i,i);
         fprintf(ficresplb,"Total Years_to_converge\n");
       
       
         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
           /* for (age=agebase; age<=agebase; age++){ */
           if(mobilavproj > 0){
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ageminpar, agemaxpar, oldm, savm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, mobaverage, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
           }else if (mobilavproj == 0){
             printf("There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             fprintf(ficlog,"There is no chance to get back prevalence limit if data aren't non zero and summing to 1, please try a non null mobil_average(=%d) parameter or mobil_average=-1 if you want to try at your own risk.\n",mobilavproj);
             exit(1);
           }else{
             /* bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k); */
             bprevalim(bprlim, probs, nlstate, p, age, ftolpl, ncvyearp, k);
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb,"%.0f ",age );
           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
             fprintf(ficresplb,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           tot=0.;
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
             tot +=  bprlim[i][i];
             fprintf(ficresplb," %.5f", bprlim[i][i]);
           }
           fprintf(ficresplb," %.3f %d\n", tot, *ncvyearp);
         } /* Age */
         /* was end of cptcod */
       } /* end of any combination */
     } /* end of nres */  
     /* hBijx(p, bage, fage); */
     /* fclose(ficrespijb); */
     
     return 0;
   }
    
   int hPijx(double *p, int bage, int fage){
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     int agelim;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, k4, nres=0;
   
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
   
       strcpy(filerespij,"PIJ_");  strcat(filerespij,fileresu);
       if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij); return 1;
       }
       printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
     
       stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
       /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
   
       agelim=AGESUP;
       hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
       hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */ 
                   
       /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
       pstamp(ficrespij);
       fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
       i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
                   /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
                   /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
                   /*      k=k+1;  */
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (k4=1; k4<= nsq; k4++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
           fprintf(ficrespij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][k4],Tqresult[nres][k4]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
         
         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */ 
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k, nres);  
           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
         }
         /*}*/
       }
       return 0;
   }
    
    int hBijx(double *p, int bage, int fage, double ***prevacurrent){
       /*------------- h Bij x at various ages ------------*/
   
     int stepsize;
     /* int agelim; */
           int ageminl;
     int hstepm;
     int nhstepm;
     int h, i, i1, j, k, nres;
           
     double agedeb;
     double ***p3mat;
           
     strcpy(filerespijb,"PIJB_");  strcat(filerespijb,fileresu);
     if((ficrespijb=fopen(filerespijb,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij back resultfile: %s\n", filerespijb); return 1;
     }
     printf("Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij back: result on file '%s' \n", filerespijb);
     
     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
     
     /* agelim=AGESUP; */
     ageminl=30;
     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
     
     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
     pstamp(ficrespijb);
     fprintf(ficrespijb,"#****** h Pij x Back Probability to be in state i at age x-h being in j at x ");
     i1= pow(2,cptcoveff);
     /* for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){ */
     /*    /\*for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*\/ */
     /*    k=k+1;  */
     for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++){ /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficrespijb," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficrespijb,"******\n");
         if(invalidvarcomb[k]){
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n#Combination (%d) ignored because no cases \n",k); 
           continue;
         }
         
         /* for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /\* If stepm=6 months *\/ */
         for (agedeb=bage; agedeb<=fage; agedeb++){ /* If stepm=6 months and estepm=24 (2 years) */
           /* nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /\* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 *\/ */
           nhstepm=(int) rint((agedeb-ageminl)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10, because estepm=24 stepm=6 => hstepm=24/6=4 */
           
           /*        nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
           
           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           /* oldm=oldms;savm=savms; */
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);   */
           hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm, k);
           /* hbxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,prevacurrent,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, dnewm, doldm, dsavm, k); */
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"# Cov Agex agex-h hpijx with i,j=");
           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
               fprintf(ficrespijb," %1d-%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
             /*agedebphstep = agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm;*/
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb - h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
             /* fprintf(ficrespijb,"%d %3.f %3.f",k, agedeb, agedeb + h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ); */
             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
                 fprintf(ficrespijb," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
             fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
           }
           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
           fprintf(ficrespijb,"\n");
         } /* end age deb */
       } /* end combination */
     } /* end nres */
     return 0;
    } /*  hBijx */
   
   
   /***********************************************/
   /**************** Main Program *****************/
   /***********************************************/
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   #ifdef GSL
     const gsl_multimin_fminimizer_type *T;
     size_t iteri = 0, it;
     int rval = GSL_CONTINUE;
     int status = GSL_SUCCESS;
     double ssval;
   #endif
     int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
     int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter=0,m,size=100, cptcod;
     int ncvyear=0; /* Number of years needed for the period prevalence to converge */
     int jj, ll, li, lj, lk;
     int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
     int num_filled;
     int itimes;
     int NDIM=2;
     int vpopbased=0;
     int nres=0;
   
     char ca[32], cb[32];
     /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
     /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
     struct stat info;
     double agedeb=0.;
   
     double ageminpar=AGEOVERFLOW,agemin=AGEOVERFLOW, agemaxpar=-AGEOVERFLOW, agemax=-AGEOVERFLOW;
     double ageminout=-AGEOVERFLOW,agemaxout=AGEOVERFLOW; /* Smaller Age range redefined after movingaverage */
   
     double fret;
     double dum=0.; /* Dummy variable */
     double ***p3mat;
     /* double ***mobaverage; */
   
     char line[MAXLINE];
     char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE];
   
     char  modeltemp[MAXLINE];
     char resultline[MAXLINE];
     
     char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE]; 
     char *tok, *val; /* pathtot */
     int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
     int c,  h , cpt, c2;
     int jl=0;
     int i1, j1, jk, stepsize=0;
     int count=0;
   
     int *tab; 
     int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
     int backcast=0;
     int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
     int hstepm=0, nhstepm=0;
     int agemortsup;
     float  sumlpop=0.;
     double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
     double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
   
     double bage=0, fage=110., age, agelim=0., agebase=0.;
     double ftolpl=FTOL;
     double **prlim;
     double **bprlim;
     double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
     double  *p;
     double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
     double **hess; /* Hessian matrix */
     double ***delti3; /* Scale */
     double *delti; /* Scale */
     double ***eij, ***vareij;
     double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
     double *epj, vepp;
   
     double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
     double jback1=1,mback1=1,anback1=2000,jback2=1,mback2=1,anback2=2000;
   
     double **ximort;
     char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4]="1234";
     int *dcwave;
   
     char z[1]="c";
   
     /*char  *strt;*/
     char strtend[80];
   
   
   /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
   /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
   /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
   /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
   
     /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
     rstart_time = time(NULL);  
     /*  (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);*/
     start_time = *localtime(&rstart_time);
     curr_time=start_time;
     /*tml = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec);*/
     /* strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tml)); */
     strcpy(strstart,asctime(&start_time));
   
   /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
   /*  tp.tm_sec = tp.tm_sec +86400; */
   /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tm_sec); */
   /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
   /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
   /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
   /*   tp.tm_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
   /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
   /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
   /*  (void) time (&time_value);
   *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
   *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
   *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
   *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart); 
   */
   
     nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
     nbwarn=0;
   #ifdef WIN32
     _getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #else
     getcwd(pathcd, size);
   #endif
     syscompilerinfo(0);
     printf("\nIMaCh version %s, %s\n%s",version, copyright, fullversion);
     if(argc <=1){
       printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
       if(!fgets(pathr,FILENAMELENGTH,stdin)){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(pathr[i-1]=='\n')
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if(i >= 1 && pathr[i-1]==' ') {/* This may happen when dragging on oS/X! */
         pathr[i-1]='\0';
       }
       i=strlen(pathr);
       if( i==0 ){
         printf("ERROR Empty parameter file name\n");
         goto end;
       }
       for (tok = pathr; tok != NULL; ){
         printf("Pathr |%s|\n",pathr);
         while ((val = strsep(&tok, "\"" )) != NULL && *val == '\0');
         printf("val= |%s| pathr=%s\n",val,pathr);
         strcpy (pathtot, val);
         if(pathr[0] == '\0') break; /* Dirty */
       }
     }
     else{
       strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
     }
     /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
     /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
       printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
     /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
   
     /* Split argv[0], imach program to get pathimach */
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s argv[1]=%s, \n",argv[0],argv[1]);
     split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\nargv[0]=%s pathimach=%s, \noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
    /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
     /* Split argv[1]=pathtot, parameter file name to get path, optionfile, extension and name */
     split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
     printf("\npathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #else
     chdir(path); /* Can be a relative path */
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0) /* So pathcd is the full path */
   #endif
     printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
     strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
     if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
       printf("Directory already exists (or can't create it) %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
       /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
       /* fclose(ficlog); */
   /*     exit(1); */
     }
   /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
   /*     perror("mkdir"); */
   /*   } */
   
     /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
   
     /* Main Log file */
     strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
     if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
       goto end;
     }
     fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Version %s %s",version,fullversion);
     fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
     fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
    path=%s \n\
    optionfile=%s\n\
    optionfilext=%s\n\
    optionfilefiname='%s'\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
   
     syscompilerinfo(1);
   
     printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
     fflush(ficlog);
   /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
   /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tm_sec-start_time.tm_sec,tmpout)); */
   
     /* */
     strcpy(fileres,"r");
     strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
     strcat(fileresu, optionfilefiname); /* Without r in front */
     strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
     strcat(fileresu,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
   
     /* Main ---------arguments file --------*/
   
     if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile '%s' with errno='%s'\n",optionfile,strerror(errno));
       fflush(ficlog);
       /* goto end; */
       exit(70); 
     }
   
   
   
     strcpy(filereso,"o");
     strcat(filereso,fileresu);
     if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
       printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
       fflush(ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
   
     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
     numlinepar=0;
   
       /* First parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", \
                           title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 5) {
         printf("Should be 5 parameters\n");
       }
       numlinepar++;
       printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass);
     }
     /* Second parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"ftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", \
                           &ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nqv, &ntv, &nqtv, &nlstate, &ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled != 11) {
         printf("Not 11 parameters, for example:ftol=1.e-8 stepm=12 ncovcol=2 nqv=1 ntv=2 nqtv=1  nlstate=2 ndeath=1 maxwav=3 mle=1 weight=1\n");
         printf("but line=%s\n",line);
       }
       printf("ftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
     }
     /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
     /*ftolpl=6.e-4; *//* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
     /* Third parameter line */
     while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
       /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
       if (line[0] == '#') {
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
         continue;
       }else
         break;
     }
     if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"model=1+age%[^.\n]", model)) !=EOF){
       if (num_filled == 0)
               model[0]='\0';
       else if (num_filled != 1){
         printf("ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR %d: Model should be at minimum 'model=1+age.' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         model[0]='\0';
         goto end;
       }
       else{
         if (model[0]=='+'){
           for(i=1; i<=strlen(model);i++)
             modeltemp[i-1]=model[i];
           strcpy(model,modeltemp); 
         }
       }
       /* printf(" model=1+age%s modeltemp= %s, model=%s\n",model, modeltemp, model);fflush(stdout); */
       printf("model=1+age+%s\n",model);fflush(stdout);
     }
     /* fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=1+age+%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model); */
     /* numlinepar=numlinepar+3; /\* In general *\/ */
     /* printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model); */
     fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
     fflush(ficlog);
     /* if(model[0]=='#'|| model[0]== '\0'){ */
     if(model[0]=='#'){
       printf("Error in 'model' line: model should start with 'model=1+age+' and end with '.' \n \
    'model=1+age+.' or 'model=1+age+V1.' or 'model=1+age+age*age+V1+V1*age.' or \n \
    'model=1+age+V1+V2.' or 'model=1+age+V1+V2+V1*V2.' etc. \n");          \
       if(mle != -1){
         printf("Fix the model line and run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n");
         exit(1);
       }
     }
     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
       numlinepar++;
       if(line[1]=='q'){ /* This #q will quit imach (the answer is q) */
         z[0]=line[1];
       }
       /* printf("****line [1] = %c \n",line[1]); */
       fputs(line, stdout);
       //puts(line);
       fputs(line,ficparo);
       fputs(line,ficlog);
     }
     ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
      
     covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);  /**< used in readdata */
     coqvar=matrix(1,nqv,1,n);  /**< Fixed quantitative covariate */
     cotvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,1,n);  /**< Time varying covariate (dummy and quantitative)*/
     cotqvar=ma3x(1,maxwav,1,nqtv,1,n);  /**< Time varying quantitative covariate */
     cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement plus one, indepently of n in Vn*/
     /* v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes cptcovn = 5
        v1+v2*age+v2*v3 makes cptcovn = 3
     */
     if (strlen(model)>1) 
       ncovmodel=2+nbocc(model,'+')+1; /*Number of variables including intercept and age = cptcovn + intercept + age : v1+v2+v3+v2*v4+v5*age makes 5+2=7,age*age makes 3*/
     else
       ncovmodel=2; /* Constant and age */
     nforce= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate; /* Number of forces ij from state i to j */
     npar= nforce*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters like aij*/
     if(npar >MAXPARM || nlstate >NLSTATEMAX || ndeath >NDEATHMAX || ncovmodel>NCOVMAX){
       printf("Too complex model for current IMaCh: npar=(nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel=%d >= %d(MAXPARM) or nlstate=%d >= %d(NLSTATEMAX) or ndeath=%d >= %d(NDEATHMAX) or ncovmodel=(k+age+#of+signs)=%d(NCOVMAX) >= %d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Too complex model for current IMaCh: %d >=%d(MAXPARM) or %d >=%d(NLSTATEMAX) or %d >=%d(NDEATHMAX) or %d(NCOVMAX) >=%d\n",npar, MAXPARM, nlstate, NLSTATEMAX, ndeath, NDEATHMAX, ncovmodel, NCOVMAX);
       fflush(stdout);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
     }
     delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     delti=delti3[1][1];
     /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
     if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
       fclose (ficparo);
       fclose (ficlog);
       goto end;
       exit(0);
     }  else if(mle==-5) { /* Main Wizard */
       prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
       printf(" You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       fprintf(ficlog," You chose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
     }  else{ /* Begin of mle != -1 or -5 */
       /* Read guessed parameters */
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         j=0;
         for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
           if(jj==i) continue;
           j++;
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ((i1 != i) || (j1 != jj)){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n \
   It might be a problem of design; if ncovcol and the model are correct\n \
   run imach with mle=-1 to get a correct template of the parameter file.\n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d",i,jj);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,jj);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
             if(mle==1){
               printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             }
             else
               fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           if(mle==1)
             printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
         }
       }  
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads scales values */
       p=param[1][1];
       
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
   
       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
           if ( (i1-i) * (j1-j) != 0){
             printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
             exit(1);
           }
           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
           fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
             fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
             printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
             fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
           }
           fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
           numlinepar++;
           printf("\n");
           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         }
       }
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /* Reads covariance matrix */
       delti=delti3[1][1];
                   
                   
       /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
                   
       /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         numlinepar++;
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficlog);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
                   
       matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=1; j <=npar; j++) matcov[i][j]=0.;
                   
       /* Scans npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
         count=fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d%d",&i1,&j1,&jk);
         if(count != 3){
           printf("Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Error in parameter file %s at line %d after line starting with %1d%1d%1d\n\
   This is probably because your covariance matrix doesn't \n  contain exactly %d lines corresponding to your model line '1+age+%s'.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",optionfile,numlinepar, i1,j1,jk, npar, model);
           exit(1);
         }else{
           if(mle==1)
             printf("%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         }
         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i1,j1,jk);
         for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
           fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
           if(mle==1){
             printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           }
           fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
           fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
         numlinepar++;
         if(mle==1)
                                   printf("\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
       }
       /* End of read covariance matrix npar lines */
       for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
           matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       if(mle==1)
         printf("\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
       strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
       strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
       strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
       if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", rfileres);goto end;
       }
       fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
     }    /* End of mle != -3 */
     
     /*  Main data
      */
     n= lastobs;
     num=lvector(1,n);
     moisnais=vector(1,n);
     annais=vector(1,n);
     moisdc=vector(1,n);
     andc=vector(1,n);
     weight=vector(1,n);
     agedc=vector(1,n);
     cod=ivector(1,n);
     for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
       num[i]=0;
       moisnais[i]=0;
       annais[i]=0;
       moisdc[i]=0;
       andc[i]=0;
       agedc[i]=0;
       cod[i]=0;
       weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
     }
     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n); /* s[i][j] health state for wave i and individual j */ 
     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
     ncodemax=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
     ncodemaxwundef=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Number of code per covariate; if - 1 O and 1 only, 2**ncov; V1+V2+V3+V4=>16 */
   
     /* Reads data from file datafile */
     if (readdata(datafile, firstobs, lastobs, &imx)==1)
       goto end;
   
     /* Calculation of the number of parameters from char model */
     /*    modelsav=V2+V1+V4+age*V3 strb=age*V3 stra=V2+V1+V4 
           k=4 (age*V3) Tvar[k=4]= 3 (from V3) Tag[cptcovage=1]=4
           k=3 V4 Tvar[k=3]= 4 (from V4)
           k=2 V1 Tvar[k=2]= 1 (from V1)
           k=1 Tvar[1]=2 (from V2)
     */
     
     Tvar=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Was 15 changed to NCOVMAX. */
     TvarsDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarsQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarF=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarA=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarAind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarFQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVD=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVDind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQ=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     TvarVQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
   
     Tvalsel=vector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Tvarsel=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /*  */
     Typevar=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 2 */
     Fixed=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     Dummy=ivector(-1,NCOVMAX); /* -1 to 3 */
     DummyV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
     FixedV=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* 1 to 3 */
     /*  V2+V1+V4+age*V3 is a model with 4 covariates (3 plus signs). 
         For each model-covariate stores the data-covariate id. Tvar[1]=2, Tvar[2]=1, Tvar[3]=4, 
         Tvar[4=age*V3] is 3 and 'age' is recorded in Tage.
     */
     /* For model-covariate k tells which data-covariate to use but
       because this model-covariate is a construction we invent a new column
       ncovcol + k1
       If already ncovcol=4 and model=V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
       Tvar[3=V1*V4]=4+1 etc */
     Tprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k position of the k1 product */
     Tposprod=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the k1 product from the k position */
     /* Tprod[k1=1]=3(=V1*V4) for V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3
        if  V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2   TProd[k1=2]=5 (V3*V2)
        Tposprod[k]=k1 , Tposprod[3]=1, Tposprod[5]=2 
     */
     Tvaraff=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Unclear */
     Tvard=imatrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,2); /* n=Tvard[k1][1]  and m=Tvard[k1][2] gives the couple n,m of the k1 th product Vn*Vm
                               * For V3*V2 (in V2+V1+V1*V4+age*V3+V3*V2), V3*V2 position is 2nd. 
                               * Tvard[k1=2][1]=3 (V3) Tvard[k1=2][2]=2(V2) */
     Tage=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* Gives the covariate id of covariates associated with age: V2 + V1 + age*V4 + V3*age
                            4 covariates (3 plus signs)
                            Tage[1=V3*age]= 4; Tage[2=age*V4] = 3
                         */  
     Tmodelind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual dummy, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelind[Tvaraff[3]]=9,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1 , 
                                   * V1 df, V2 qf, V3 & V4 dv, V5 qv
                                   * Tmodelind[1]@9={9,0,3,2,}*/
     TmodelInvind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX); /* TmodelInvind=Tvar[k]- ncovcol-nqv={5-2-1=2,*/
     TmodelInvQind=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);/** gives the k model position of an
                                   * individual quantitative, fixed or varying:
                                   * Tmodelqind[1]=1,Tvaraff[1]@9={4,
                                   * 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                   * model=V5+V4+V3+V4*V3+V5*age+V2+V1*V2+V1*age+V1*/
   /* Main decodemodel */
   
   
     if(decodemodel(model, lastobs) == 1) /* In order to get Tvar[k] V4+V3+V5 p Tvar[1]@3  = {4, 3, 5}*/
       goto end;
   
     if((double)(lastobs-imx)/(double)imx > 1.10){
       nbwarn++;
       printf("Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
       fprintf(ficlog,"Warning: The value of parameter lastobs=%d is big compared to the \n  effective number of cases imx=%d, please adjust, \n  otherwise you are allocating more memory than necessary.\n",lastobs, imx); 
     }
       /*  if(mle==1){*/
     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights. We can have weights different from 1 but want no weight*/
       for(i=1;i<=imx;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* changed to imx */
     }
   
       /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
   
     if(calandcheckages(imx, maxwav, &agemin, &agemax, &nberr, &nbwarn) == 1)
       goto end;
   
   
     agegomp=(int)agemin;
     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
     free_vector(annais,1,n);
     /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
        free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
     /* free_vector(moisdc,1,n); */
     /* free_vector(andc,1,n); */
     /* */
     
     wav=ivector(1,imx);
     /* dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     /* mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx); */
     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); /* We are adding a wave if status is unknown at last wave but death occurs after last wave.*/
     bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
      
     /* Concatenates waves */
     /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
        Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
        mw[mi][i] is the number of (mi=1 to wav[i]) effective wave out of mi of individual i
        dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
        and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
     */
   
     concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
     /* */
    
     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
     free_vector(andc,1,n);
   
     /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
     nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX); 
     ncodemax[1]=1;
     Ndum =ivector(-1,NCOVMAX);  
     cptcoveff=0;
     if (ncovmodel-nagesqr > 2 ){ /* That is if covariate other than cst, age and age*age */
       tricode(&cptcoveff,Tvar,nbcode,imx, Ndum); /**< Fills nbcode[Tvar[j]][l]; */
     }
     
     ncovcombmax=pow(2,cptcoveff);
     invalidvarcomb=ivector(1, ncovcombmax); 
     for(i=1;i<ncovcombmax;i++)
       invalidvarcomb[i]=0;
     
     /* Nbcode gives the value of the lth modality (currently 1 to 2) of jth covariate, in
        V2+V1*age, there are 3 covariates Tvar[2]=1 (V1).*/
     /* 1 to ncodemax[j] which is the maximum value of this jth covariate */
     
     /*  codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10);*/ /* codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) */
     /*printf(" codtab[1,1],codtab[100,10]=%d,%d\n", codtab[1][1],codtabm(100,10));*/
     /* codtab gives the value 1 or 2 of the hth combination of k covariates (1 or 2).*/
     /* nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(h,j)]) : if there are only 2 modalities for a covariate j, 
      * codtabm(h,j) gives its value classified at position h and nbcode gives how it is coded 
      * (currently 0 or 1) in the data.
      * In a loop on h=1 to 2**k, and a loop on j (=1 to k), we get the value of 
      * corresponding modality (h,j).
      */
   
     h=0;
     /*if (cptcovn > 0) */
     m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
    
             /**< codtab(h,k)  k   = codtab[h,k]=( (h-1) - mod(k-1,2**(k-1) )/2**(k-1) + 1
              * For k=4 covariates, h goes from 1 to m=2**k
              * codtabm(h,k)=  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1)) + 1;
              * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
              *     h\k   1     2     3     4
              *______________________________  
              *     1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1 i=1 1
              *     2     2     1     1     1
              *     3 i=2 1     2     1     1
              *     4     2     2     1     1
              *     5 i=3 1 i=2 1     2     1
              *     6     2     1     2     1
              *     7 i=4 1     2     2     1
              *     8     2     2     2     1
              *     9 i=5 1 i=3 1 i=2 1     2
              *    10     2     1     1     2
              *    11 i=6 1     2     1     2
              *    12     2     2     1     2
              *    13 i=7 1 i=4 1     2     2    
              *    14     2     1     2     2
              *    15 i=8 1     2     2     2
              *    16     2     2     2     2
              */
     /* How to do the opposite? From combination h (=1 to 2**k) how to get the value on the covariates? */
        /* from h=5 and m, we get then number of covariates k=log(m)/log(2)=4
        * and the value of each covariate?
        * V1=1, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1 ?
        * h-1=4 and 4 is 0100 or reverse 0010, and +1 is 1121 ok.
        * h=6, 6-1=5, 5 is 0101, 1010, 2121, V1=2nd, V2=1st, V3=2nd, V4=1st.
        * In order to get the real value in the data, we use nbcode
        * nbcode[Tvar[3][2nd]]=1 and nbcode[Tvar[4][1]]=0
        * We are keeping this crazy system in order to be able (in the future?) 
        * to have more than 2 values (0 or 1) for a covariate.
        * #define codtabm(h,k)  (1 & (h-1) >> (k-1))+1
        * h=6, k=2? h-1=5=0101, reverse 1010, +1=2121, k=2nd position: value is 1: codtabm(6,2)=1
        *              bbbbbbbb
        *              76543210     
        *   h-1        00000101 (6-1=5)
        *(h-1)>>(k-1)= 00000010 >> (2-1) = 1 right shift
        *           &
        *     1        00000001 (1)
        *              00000000        = 1 & ((h-1) >> (k-1))
        *          +1= 00000001 =1 
        *
        * h=14, k=3 => h'=h-1=13, k'=k-1=2
        *          h'      1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *    >>k'            11
        *          &   00000001
        *            = 00000001
        *      +1    = 00000010=2    =  codtabm(14,3)   
        * Reverse h=6 and m=16?
        * cptcoveff=log(16)/log(2)=4 covariate: 6-1=5=0101 reversed=1010 +1=2121 =>V1=2, V2=1, V3=2, V4=1.
        * for (j=1 to cptcoveff) Vj=decodtabm(j,h,cptcoveff)
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 
        * decodtabm(h,j,cptcoveff)= (h <= (1<<cptcoveff)?(((h-1) >> (j-1)) & 1) +1 : -1)
        * V3=decodtabm(14,3,2**4)=2
        *          h'=13   1101 =2^3+2^2+0x2^1+2^0
        *(h-1) >> (j-1)    0011 =13 >> 2
        *          &1 000000001
        *           = 000000001
        *         +1= 000000010 =2
        *                  2211
        *                  V1=1+1, V2=0+1, V3=1+1, V4=1+1
        *                  V3=2
                    * codtabm and decodtabm are identical
        */
   
   
    free_ivector(Ndum,-1,NCOVMAX);
   
   
       
     /* Initialisation of ----------- gnuplot -------------*/
     strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
   
     if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
       printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
     }
     else{
       fprintf(ficgp,"\n# IMaCh-%s\n", version); 
       fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot); 
       //fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
       fprintf(ficgp,"set datafile missing 'NaNq'\n");
     }
     /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
   
   
     /* Initialisation of --------- index.htm --------*/
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
     if(mle==-3)
       strcat(optionfilehtm,"-MORT_");
     strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
     if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm);
       exit(0);
     }
   
     strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
     strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
     if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
       printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
     }
     else{
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<html><head>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n",\
             optionfilehtmcov,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
     }
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"<html><head>\n<head>\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\"/><meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<title>IMaCh %s</title></head>\n <body><font size=\"7\"><a href=http:/euroreves.ined.fr/imach>IMaCh for Interpolated Markov Chain</a> </font><br>\n<font size=\"3\">Sponsored by Copyright (C)  2002-2015 <a href=http://www.ined.fr>INED</a>-EUROREVES-Institut de longévité-2013-2016-Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences 日本学術振興会 (<a href=https://www.jsps.go.jp/english/e-grants/>Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 25293121</a>) - <a href=https://software.intel.com/en-us>Intel Software 2015-2018</a></font><br>  \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   <font size=\"2\">IMaCh-%s <br> %s</font> \
   <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
   Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=1+age+%s<br>\n\
   \n\
   <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
    <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
    - Parameter file: <a href=\"%s.%s\">%s.%s</a><br>\n\
    - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
    - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
    - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
             optionfilehtm,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
             optionfilefiname,optionfilext,optionfilefiname,optionfilext,\
             fileres,fileres,\
             filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
     fflush(fichtm);
   
     strcpy(pathr,path);
     strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
   #ifdef WIN32
     _chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #else
     chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
   #endif
             
     
     /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age 
                    and for any valid combination of covariates
        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
     freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvaraff, invalidvarcomb, nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart, \
                 firstpass, lastpass,  stepm,  weightopt, model);
   
     fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
   Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
   Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
             imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
           oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
           newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
           savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
           oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
   
     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
   
     globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
     /* For mortality only */
     if (mle==-3){
       ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); 
                   for(i=1;i<=NDIM;i++)
                           for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
                                   ximort[i][j]=0.;
       /*     ximort=gsl_matrix_alloc(1,NDIM,1,NDIM); */
       cens=ivector(1,n);
       ageexmed=vector(1,n);
       agecens=vector(1,n);
       dcwave=ivector(1,n);
                   
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
         dcwave[i]=-1;
         for (m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++)
           if (s[m][i]>nlstate) {
             dcwave[i]=m;
             /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
             break;
           }
       }
       
       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
         if (wav[i]>0){
           ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
           j=wav[i];
           agecens[i]=1.; 
           
           if (ageexmed[i]> 1 && wav[i] > 0){
             agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
             cens[i]= 1;
           }else if (ageexmed[i]< 1) 
             cens[i]= -1;
           if (agedc[i]< AGESUP && agedc[i]>1 && dcwave[i]>firstpass && dcwave[i]<=lastpass)
             cens[i]=0 ;
         }
         else cens[i]=-1;
       }
       
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
           ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
       }
       
       /*p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083;*/
       /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
       
       
   #ifdef GSL
       printf("GSL optimization\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #else
       printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
   #endif
       strcpy(filerespow,"POW-MORT_"); 
       strcat(filerespow,fileresu);
       if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
       }
   #ifdef GSL
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# GSL optimization\n# iter -2*LL");
   #else
       fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
   #endif
       /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
           if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
       */
       fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
   #ifdef GSL
       /* gsl starts here */ 
       T = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_nmsimplex;
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer *sfm = NULL;
       gsl_vector *ss, *x;
       gsl_multimin_function minex_func;
   
       /* Initial vertex size vector */
       ss = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (ss == NULL){
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for ss", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
       /* Set all step sizes to 1 */
       gsl_vector_set_all (ss, 0.001);
   
       /* Starting point */
       
       x = gsl_vector_alloc (NDIM);
       
       if (x == NULL){
         gsl_vector_free(ss);
         GSL_ERROR_VAL ("failed to allocate space for x", GSL_ENOMEM, 0);
       }
     
       /* Initialize method and iterate */
       /*     p[1]=0.0268; p[NDIM]=0.083; */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 0, 0.0268); */
       /*     gsl_vector_set(x, 1, 0.083); */
       gsl_vector_set(x, 0, p[1]);
       gsl_vector_set(x, 1, p[2]);
   
       minex_func.f = &gompertz_f;
       minex_func.n = NDIM;
       minex_func.params = (void *)&p; /* ??? */
       
       sfm = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_alloc (T, NDIM);
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_set (sfm, &minex_func, x, ss);
       
       printf("Iterations beginning .....\n\n");
       printf("Iter. #    Intercept       Slope     -Log Likelihood     Simplex size\n");
   
       iteri=0;
       while (rval == GSL_CONTINUE){
         iteri++;
         status = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_iterate(sfm);
         
         if (status) printf("error: %s\n", gsl_strerror (status));
         fflush(0);
         
         if (status) 
           break;
         
         rval = gsl_multimin_test_size (gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm), 1e-6);
         ssval = gsl_multimin_fminimizer_size (sfm);
         
         if (rval == GSL_SUCCESS)
           printf ("converged to a local maximum at\n");
         
         printf("%5d ", iteri);
         for (it = 0; it < NDIM; it++){
           printf ("%10.5f ", gsl_vector_get (sfm->x, it));
         }
         printf("f() = %-10.5f ssize = %.7f\n", sfm->fval, ssval);
       }
       
       printf("\n\n Please note: Program should be run many times with varying starting points to detemine global maximum\n\n");
       
       gsl_vector_free(x); /* initial values */
       gsl_vector_free(ss); /* inital step size */
       for (it=0; it<NDIM; it++){
         p[it+1]=gsl_vector_get(sfm->x,it);
         fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[it]);
       }
       gsl_multimin_fminimizer_free (sfm); /* p *(sfm.x.data) et p *(sfm.x.data+1)  */
   #endif
   #ifdef POWELL
        powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
   #endif  
       fclose(ficrespow);
       
       hesscov(matcov, hess, p, NDIM, delti, 1e-4, gompertz); 
   
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
         for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
                                   matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
       
       printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       fprintf(ficlog,"\nCovariance matrix\n ");
       for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
         for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){ 
                                   printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
                                   fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",matcov[i][j]);
         }
         printf("\n ");  fprintf(ficlog,"\n ");
       }
       
       printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
       for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
         printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
         fprintf(ficlog,"%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
       }
       lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
       lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
         agemortsup=k;
         if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
       }
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
         lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
       
       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
         lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
         sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
       }
       
       tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
         /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
         tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
       }
       
       
       printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
       for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++) 
         printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
       
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
                   ageminpar=50;
                   agemaxpar=100;
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == AGEOVERFLOW){
           printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
                           printf("Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
                           fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! ageminpar %f and agemaxpar %f have been fixed because for simplification until it is fixed...\n\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         printinggnuplotmort(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
                   }
       printinghtmlmort(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
                        stepm, weightopt,\
                        model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
       
       free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
       free_matrix(ximort,1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
       free_ivector(cens,1,n);
       free_vector(agecens,1,n);
       free_ivector(dcwave,1,n);
   #ifdef GSL
   #endif
     } /* Endof if mle==-3 mortality only */
     /* Standard  */
     else{ /* For mle !=- 3, could be 0 or 1 or 4 etc. */
       globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
       /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2, Real Maximization */
         /* mlikeli uses func not funcone */
         mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
       }
       if(mle==0) {/* No optimization, will print the likelihoods for the datafile */
         globpr=0;/* Computes sum of likelihood for globpr=1 and funcone */
         /* Computes likelihood for initial parameters, uses funcone to compute gpimx and gsw */
         likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       }
       globpr=1; /* again, to print the individual contributions using computed gpimx and gsw */
       likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
       printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
       for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
         printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
       printf("\n");
       
       /*--------- results files --------------*/
       fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nqv=%d ntv=%d nqtv=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=1+age+%s.\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nqv, ntv, nqtv, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
       
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
           if (k != i) {
             printf("%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
             for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
               printf("%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres,"%12.7f ",p[jk]);
               jk++; 
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       if(mle != 0){
         /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix only at a peak of the Likelihood, that is after optimization */
         ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
         hesscov(matcov, hess, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
         printf("Parameters and 95%% confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W .\n But be careful that parameters are highly correlated because incidence of disability is highly correlated to incidence of recovery.\n It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         fprintf(ficlog, "Parameters, Wald tests and Wald-based confidence intervals\n W is simply the result of the division of the parameter by the square root of covariance of the parameter.\n And Wald-based confidence intervals plus and minus 1.96 * W \n  It might be better to visualize the covariance matrix. See the page 'Matrix of variance-covariance of one-step probabilities' and its graphs.\n");
         for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
             if (k != i) {
               printf("%d%d ",i,k);
               fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
               for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
                 printf("%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%12.7f W=%8.3f CI=[%12.7f ; %12.7f] ",p[jk], p[jk]/sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]), p[jk]-1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]),p[jk]+1.96*sqrt(matcov[jk][jk]));
                 jk++; 
               }
               printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             }
           }
         }
       } /* end of hesscov and Wald tests */
       
       /*  */
       fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
       for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
           if (j!=i) {
             fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
             fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
               jk++;
             }
             printf("\n");
             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
           }
         }
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       if(mle >= 1) /* To big for the screen */
         printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
       /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
       /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
       /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
       /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
       /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
       /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
       
       
       /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
          even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
       */
       for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
         jj=0;
         for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
           for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
             if(j==i) continue;
             for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
               jj++;
               ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
               if(itimes==1){
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }else{
                 if(mle>=1)
                   printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
                 fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
               }
               ll=0;
               for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
                 for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
                   if(lj==li) continue;
                   for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
                     ll++;
                     if(ll<=jj){
                       cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
                       if(ll<jj){
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                           fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }else{
                         if(itimes==1){
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                           fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
                         }else{
                           if(mle>=1)
                             printf(" %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficlog," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                           fprintf(ficres," %.7e",matcov[jj][ll]); 
                         }
                       }
                     }
                   } /* end lk */
                 } /* end lj */
               } /* end li */
               if(mle>=1)
                 printf("\n");
               fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
               fprintf(ficres,"\n");
               numlinepar++;
             } /* end k*/
           } /*end j */
         } /* end i */
       } /* end itimes */
       
       fflush(ficlog);
       fflush(ficres);
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       
       /* while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){ */
       /*   ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       /*   fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar); */
       /*   fputs(line,stdout); */
       /*   fputs(line,ficparo); */
       /* } */
       /* ungetc(c,ficpar); */
       
       estepm=0;
       if((num_filled=sscanf(line,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm, &ftolpl)) !=EOF){
         
         if (num_filled != 6) {
           printf("Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           fprintf(ficlog,"Error: Not 6 parameters in line, for example:agemin=60 agemax=95 bage=55 fage=95 estepm=24 ftolpl=6e-4\n, your line=%s . Probably you are running an older format.\n",line);
           goto end;
         }
         printf("agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%lf\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar, bage, fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       }
       /* ftolpl=6*ftol*1.e5; /\* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit *\/ */
       /*ftolpl=6.e-4;*/ /* 6.e-3 make convergences in less than 80 loops for the prevalence limit */
       
       /* fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d ftolpl=%\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm); */
       if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
       if (fage <= 2) {
         bage = ageminpar;
         fage = agemaxpar;
       }
       
       fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
       fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
       fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d, ftolpl=%e\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm, ftolpl);
                   
       /* Other stuffs, more or less useful */    
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
       fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       
       dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
       dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
       fprintf(ficlog,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
       fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);   
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficres);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
         ungetc(c,ficpar);
         fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
         fputs(line,stdout);
         fputs(line,ficparo);
         fputs(line,ficres);
       }
       ungetc(c,ficpar);
       
       fscanf(ficpar,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-back-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&backcast,&jback1,&mback1,&anback1,&jback2,&mback2,&anback2,&mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficparo,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficlog,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
       fprintf(ficres,"backcast=%d starting-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-back-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",backcast,jback1,mback1,anback1,jback2,mback2,anback2,mobilavproj);
       /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
       
       /* Results */
       nresult=0;
       while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
         /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
         if (line[0] == '#') {
           numlinepar++;
           fputs(line,stdout);
           fputs(line,ficparo);
           fputs(line,ficlog);
           fputs(line,ficres);
           continue;
         }else
           break;
       }
       while((num_filled=sscanf(line,"result:%[^\n]\n",resultline)) !=EOF){
         if (num_filled == 0)
           resultline[0]='\0';
         else if (num_filled != 1){
           printf("ERROR %d: result line should be at minimum 'result=' %s\n",num_filled, line);
         }
         nresult++; /* Sum of resultlines */
         printf("Result %d: result=%s\n",nresult, resultline);
         if(nresult > MAXRESULTLINES){
           printf("ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
           fprintf(ficlog,"ERROR: Current version of IMaCh limits the number of resultlines to %d, you used %d\n",MAXRESULTLINES,nresult);
           goto end;
         }
         decoderesult(resultline, nresult); /* Fills TKresult[nresult] combination and Tresult[nresult][k4+1] combination values */
         fprintf(ficparo,"result: %s\n",resultline);
         fprintf(ficres,"result: %s\n",resultline);
         fprintf(ficlog,"result: %s\n",resultline);
         while(fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar)) {
           /* If line starts with a # it is a comment */
           if (line[0] == '#') {
             numlinepar++;
             fputs(line,stdout);
             fputs(line,ficparo);
             fputs(line,ficres);
             fputs(line,ficlog);
             continue;
           }else
             break;
         }
         if (feof(ficpar))
           break;
         else{ /* Processess output results for this combination of covariate values */
         }                            
       }
   
   
       
       /* freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint); */
       /* ,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2); */
       
       replace_back_to_slash(pathc,pathcd); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
       if(ageminpar == AGEOVERFLOW ||agemaxpar == -AGEOVERFLOW){
         printf("Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! Error in gnuplot file with ageminpar %f or agemaxpar %f overflow\n\
   This is probably because your parameter file doesn't \n  contain the exact number of lines (or columns) corresponding to your model line.\n\
   Please run with mle=-1 to get a correct covariance matrix.\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
       }else{
         printinggnuplot(fileresu, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, prevfcast, backcast, pathc,p);
       }
       printinghtml(fileresu,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt, \
                    model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,prevfcast,backcast, estepm, \
                    jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,dateprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2,dateprev2);
                   
       /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
       /*  chdir(path); */
                   
       /* free_ivector(wav,1,imx); */  /* Moved after last prevalence call */
       /* free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx); */
       /* free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);    */
       free_lvector(num,1,n);
       free_vector(agedc,1,n);
       /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
       fclose(ficparo);
       fclose(ficres);
                   
                   
       /* Other results (useful)*/
                   
                   
       /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
       /*#include "prevlim.h"*/  /* Use ficrespl, ficlog */
       prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
       prevalence_limit(p, prlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear);
       fclose(ficrespl);
   
       /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
       /*#include "hpijx.h"*/
       hPijx(p, bage, fage);
       fclose(ficrespij);
       
       /* ncovcombmax=  pow(2,cptcoveff); */
       /*-------------- Variance of one-step probabilities---*/
       k=1;
       varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
       
       /* Prevalence for each covariates in probs[age][status][cov] */
       probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
         for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* ndeath is useless but a necessity to be compared with mobaverages */
           for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
             probs[i][j][k]=0.;
       prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0 ) {
         mobaverages= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
         for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
           for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
             for(k=1;k<=ncovcombmax;k++)
               mobaverages[i][j][k]=0.;
         mobaverage=mobaverages;
         if (mobilav!=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilav)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
           }
         }
         /* /\* Prevalence for each covariates in probs[age][status][cov] *\/ */
         /* prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass); */
         else if (mobilavproj !=0) {
           printf("Movingaveraging projected observed prevalence\n");
           if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, agemaxpar, mobaverage, mobilavproj)!=0){
             fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
             printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilavproj=%d\n",mobilavproj);
           }
         }
       }/* end if moving average */
       
       /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
       /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
       if(prevfcast==1){
         /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
         prevforecast(fileresu, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
       }
       if(backcast==1){
         ddnewms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddoldms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);        
         ddsavms=matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
   
         /*--------------- Back Prevalence limit  (period or stable prevalence) --------------*/
   
         bprlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
         back_prevalence_limit(p, bprlim,  ageminpar, agemaxpar, ftolpl, &ncvyear, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass, mobilavproj);
         fclose(ficresplb);
   
         hBijx(p, bage, fage, mobaverage);
         fclose(ficrespijb);
         free_matrix(bprlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
   
         /* prevbackforecast(fileresu, anback1, mback1, jback1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj,
            bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anback2, p, cptcoveff); */
         free_matrix(ddnewms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddsavms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
         free_matrix(ddoldms, 1, nlstate+ndeath, 1, nlstate+ndeath);
       }
       
    
       /* ------ Other prevalence ratios------------ */
   
       free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);
       free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+2,1,imx);   
                   
                   
       /*---------- Health expectancies, no variances ------------*/
                   
       strcpy(filerese,"E_");
       strcat(filerese,fileresu);
       if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' ...", filerese);fflush(ficlog);
   
       pstamp(ficreseij);
                   
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficreseij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         }
         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         evsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, strstart, nres);  
         
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
       }
       fclose(ficreseij);
       printf("done evsij\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done evsij\n");fflush(ficlog);
                   
       /*---------- State-specific expectancies and variances ------------*/
                   
                   
       strcpy(filerest,"T_");
       strcat(filerest,fileresu);
       if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
       }
       printf("Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total Life expectancies with their standard errors: file '%s' ...\n", filerest); fflush(ficlog);
                   
   
       strcpy(fileresstde,"STDE_");
       strcat(fileresstde,fileresu);
       if((ficresstdeij=fopen(fileresstde,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with State specific Exp. and std errors resultfile: %s\n", fileresstde); exit(0);
       }
       printf("  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
       fprintf(ficlog,"  Computing State-specific Expectancies and standard errors: result on file '%s' \n", fileresstde);
   
       strcpy(filerescve,"CVE_");
       strcat(filerescve,fileresu);
       if((ficrescveij=fopen(filerescve,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Covar. State-specific Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerescve); exit(0);
       }
       printf("    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
       fprintf(ficlog,"    Computing Covar. of State-specific Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerescve);
   
       strcpy(fileresv,"V_");
       strcat(fileresv,fileresu);
       if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
         fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
       }
       printf("      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"      Computing Variance-covariance of State-specific Expectancies: file '%s' ... ", fileresv);fflush(ficlog);
   
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
             
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff); /* Number of combination of dummy covariates */
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
       
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){ /* For any combination of dummy covariates, fixed and varying */
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         printf("\n#****** Selected:");
         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** Selected:");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** Selected:");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++){ 
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrest," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresstdeij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresstdeij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficrescveij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresstdeij,"******\n");
         fprintf(ficrescveij,"******\n");
         
         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
         /* pstamp(ficresvij); */
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) 
           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           fprintf(ficresvij," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
         
         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         printf(" cvevsij ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " cvevsij ");
         cvevsij(eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart, nres);
         printf(" end cvevsij \n ");
         fprintf(ficlog, " end cvevsij \n ");
         
         /*
          */
         /* goto endfree; */
         
         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         pstamp(ficrest);
         
         
         for(vpopbased=0; vpopbased <= popbased; vpopbased++){ /* Done for vpopbased=0 and vpopbased=1 if popbased==1*/
           oldm=oldms;savm=savms; /* ZZ Segmentation fault */
           cptcod= 0; /* To be deleted */
           printf("varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           fprintf(ficlog, "varevsij vpopbased=%d \n",vpopbased);
           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,vpopbased,mobilav, strstart, nres); /* cptcod not initialized Intel */
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Total life expectancy with std error and decomposition into time to be expected in each health state\n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are ");
           if(vpopbased==1)
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific prevalence observed (cross-sectionally) in the population i.e cross-sectionally\n in each health state (popbased=1) (mobilav=%d)\n",mobilav);
           else
             fprintf(ficrest,"the age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficrest,"# Age popbased mobilav e.. (std) ");
           for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           /* printf("Which p?\n"); for(i=1;i<=npar;i++)printf("p[i=%d]=%lf,",i,p[i]);printf("\n"); */
           epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
           printf("Computing age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           fprintf(ficlog,"Computing age specific period (stable) prevalences in each health state \n");
           for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
             prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, nres); /*ZZ Is it the correct prevalim */
             if (vpopbased==1) {
               if(mobilav ==0){
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
               }else{ /* mobilav */ 
                 for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
                   prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
               }
             }
             
             fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav);
             /* fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f %d %d %d %d",age, vpopbased, mobilav,Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]); */ /* to be done */
             /* printf(" age %4.0f ",age); */
             for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
               for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
                 epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
                 /*ZZZ  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
                 /* printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]); */
               }
               epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
             }
             /* printf(" age %4.0f \n",age); */
             
             for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
               for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
                 vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
               fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
             }
             fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
           }
         } /* End vpopbased */
         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
         printf("done selection\n");fflush(stdout);
         fprintf(ficlog,"done selection\n");fflush(ficlog);
         
         /*}*/
       } /* End k selection */
   
       printf("done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done State-specific expectancies\n");fflush(ficlog);
   
       /*------- Variance of period (stable) prevalence------*/   
       
       strcpy(fileresvpl,"VPL_");
       strcat(fileresvpl,fileresu);
       if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
         printf("Problem with variance of period (stable) prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
         exit(0);
       }
       printf("Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog, "Computing Variance-covariance of period (stable) prevalence: file '%s' ...", fileresvpl);fflush(ficlog);
       
       /*for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
         for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){*/
       
       i1=pow(2,cptcoveff);
       if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
   
       for(nres=1; nres <= nresult; nres++) /* For each resultline */
       for(k=1; k<=i1;k++){
         if(TKresult[nres]!= k)
           continue;
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
         printf("\n#****** ");
         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#****** ");
         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           fprintf(ficlog,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
           printf("V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtabm(k,j)]);
         }
         for (j=1; j<= nsq; j++){ /* For each selected (single) quantitative value */
           printf(" V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficresvpl," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%f ",Tvqresult[nres][j],Tqresult[nres][j]);
         } 
         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
         printf("******\n");
         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
         
         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl, &ncvyear, k, strstart, nres);
         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
         /*}*/
       }
       
       fclose(ficresvpl);
       printf("done variance-covariance of period prevalence\n");fflush(stdout);
       fprintf(ficlog,"done variance-covariance of period prevalence\n");fflush(ficlog);
       
       free_vector(weight,1,n);
       free_imatrix(Tvard,1,NCOVMAX,1,2);
       free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
       free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n); 
       free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
       free_ivector(cod,1,n);
       free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
       fclose(ficresstdeij);
       fclose(ficrescveij);
       fclose(ficresvij);
       fclose(ficrest);
       fclose(ficpar);
       
       
       /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
       if (mobilav!=0 ||mobilavproj !=0)
         free_ma3x(mobaverages,1, AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax); /* We need to have a squared matrix with prevalence of the dead! */
       free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,nlstate+ndeath, 1,ncovcombmax);
       free_matrix(prlim,1,nlstate,1,nlstate); /*here or after loop ? */
       free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
     /* endfree:*/
     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
     free_ma3x(cotqvar,1,maxwav,1,nqtv,1,n);
     free_ma3x(cotvar,1,maxwav,1,ntv+nqtv,1,n);
     free_matrix(coqvar,1,maxwav,1,n);
     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
     free_matrix(hess,1,npar,1,npar);
     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); 
     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
     
     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(ncodemaxwundef,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Dummy,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Fixed,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(DummyV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(FixedV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Typevar,-1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvar,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarsDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarF,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarV,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarA,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarAind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarFQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVD,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVDind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQ,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TvarVQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvarsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_vector(Tvalsel,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tposprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tprod,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(invalidvarcomb,1,ncovcombmax);
     free_ivector(Tage,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(Tmodelind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvind,1,NCOVMAX);
     free_ivector(TmodelInvQind,1,NCOVMAX);
     
     free_imatrix(nbcode,0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
     /* free_imatrix(codtab,1,100,1,10); */
     fflush(fichtm);
     fflush(ficgp);
     
     
     if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
       printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d. Please look at the log file for details.\n",nberr,nbwarn);
     }else{
       printf("End of Imach\n");
       fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
     }
     printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
     /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
     /*(void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);*/
     rend_time = time(NULL);  
     end_time = *localtime(&rend_time);
     /* tml = *localtime(&end_time.tm_sec); */
     strcpy(strtend,asctime(&end_time));
     printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend); 
     fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend); 
     printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     
     printf("Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(rend_time -rstart_time,tmpout));
     fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %.0lf Sec.\n", difftime(rend_time,rstart_time));
     /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
   /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
     fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtm);
     fprintf(fichtmcov,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>\n</body></html>",strstart, strtend);
     fclose(fichtmcov);
     fclose(ficgp);
     fclose(ficlog);
     /*------ End -----------*/
     
     
     printf("Before Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
   #ifdef WIN32
     if (_chdir(pathcd) != 0)
       printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n",path);
     if(_getcwd(pathcd,MAXLINE) > 0)
   #else
       if(chdir(pathcd) != 0)
         printf("Can't move to directory %s!\n", path);
     if (getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE) > 0)
   #endif 
       printf("Current directory %s!\n",pathcd);
     /*strcat(plotcmd,CHARSEPARATOR);*/
     sprintf(plotcmd,"gnuplot");
   #ifdef _WIN32
     sprintf(plotcmd,"\"%sgnuplot.exe\"",pathimach);
   #endif
     if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
       printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       if(!stat(getenv("GNUPLOTBIN"),&info)){
         printf("Error or gnuplot program not found: '%s' Environment GNUPLOTBIN not set.\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #ifdef __unix
       strcpy(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
       if(!stat(plotcmd,&info)){
         printf("Error gnuplot program not found: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
       }else
         strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
   #endif
     }else
       strcpy(pplotcmd,plotcmd);
     
     sprintf(plotcmd,"%s %s",pplotcmd, optionfilegnuplot);
     printf("Starting graphs with: '%s'\n",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
     
     if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
       printf("gnuplot command might not be in your path: '%s', err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
       printf("\n Trying if gnuplot resides on the same directory that IMaCh\n");
       sprintf(plotcmd,"%sgnuplot %s", pathimach, optionfilegnuplot);
       if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0)
         printf("\n Still a problem with gnuplot command %s, err=%d\n", plotcmd, outcmd);
     }
     printf(" Successful, please wait...");
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       /* chdir(path); */
       printf("\nType e to edit results with your browser, g to graph again and q for exit: ");
       scanf("%s",z);
   /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
       if (z[0] == 'e') {
   #ifdef __APPLE__
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #elif __linux
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "xdg-open %s", optionfilehtm);
   #else
         sprintf(pplotcmd, "%s", optionfilehtm);
   #endif
         printf("Starting browser with: %s",pplotcmd);fflush(stdout);
         system(pplotcmd);
       }
       else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
       else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
     }
   end:
     while (z[0] != 'q') {
       printf("\nType  q for exiting: "); fflush(stdout);
       scanf("%s",z);
     }
   }

Removed from v.1.50  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.239


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