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Diff for /imach/src/imach.c between versions 1.1 and 1.105

-version 1.1, 2000/12/28 18:49:56
+version 1.105, 2006/01/05 20:23:19
  Line 1
+ /* $Id$
- /*********************** Imach **************************************
+   $State$
-   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from cross-longitudinal
+   $Log$
-   data. Cross-longitudinal consist in a first survey ("cross") where
+   Revision 1.105  2006/01/05 20:23:19  lievre
-   individuals from different ages are interviewed on their health status
+   *** empty log message ***
-   or degree of  disability. At least a second wave of interviews
-   ("longitudinal") should  measure each new individual health status.
+   Revision 1.104  2005/09/30 16:11:43  lievre
-   Health expectancies are computed from the transistions observed between
+   (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
-   waves and are computed for each degree of severity of disability (number
+   (Module): If the status is missing at the last wave but we know
-   of life states). More degrees you consider, more time is necessary to
+   that the person is alive, then we can code his/her status as -2
-   reach the Maximum Likekilhood of the parameters involved in the model.
+   (instead of missing=-1 in earlier versions) and his/her
-   The simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is
+   contributions to the likelihood is 1 - Prob of dying from last
-   the probabibility to be observed in state j at the second wave conditional
+   health status (= 1-p13= p11+p12 in the easiest case of somebody in
-   to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore the model is:
+   the healthy state at last known wave). Version is 0.98
-   log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where 'age' is age and 'sex'
-   is a covariate. If you want to have a more complex model than "constant and
+   Revision 1.103  2005/09/30 15:54:49  lievre
-   age", you should modify the program where the markup
+   (Module): sump fixed, loop imx fixed, and simplifications.
-     *Covariates have to be included here again* invites you to do it.
-   More covariates you add, less is the speed of the convergence.
+   Revision 1.102  2004/09/15 17:31:30  brouard
+   Add the possibility to read data file including tab characters.
-   The advantage that this computer programme claims, comes from that if the
-   delay between waves is not identical for each individual, or if some
+   Revision 1.101  2004/09/15 10:38:38  brouard
-   individual missed an interview, the information is not rounded or lost, but
+   Fix on curr_time
-   taken into account using an interpolation or extrapolation.
-   hPijx is the probability to be
+   Revision 1.100  2004/07/12 18:29:06  brouard
-   observed in state i at age x+h conditional to the observed state i at age
+   Add version for Mac OS X. Just define UNIX in Makefile
-   x. The delay 'h' can be split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of
-   unobserved intermediate  states. This elementary transition (by month or
+   Revision 1.99  2004/06/05 08:57:40  brouard
-   quarter trimester, semester or year) is model as a multinomial logistic.
+   *** empty log message ***
-   The hPx matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
-   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply hPijx.
+   Revision 1.98  2004/05/16 15:05:56  brouard
+   New version 0.97 . First attempt to estimate force of mortality
+   directly from the data i.e. without the need of knowing the health
+   state at each age, but using a Gompertz model: log u =a + b*age .
+   This is the basic analysis of mortality and should be done before any
+   other analysis, in order to test if the mortality estimated from the
+   cross-longitudinal survey is different from the mortality estimated
+   from other sources like vital statistic data.
+   The same imach parameter file can be used but the option for mle should be -3.
+   Agnès, who wrote this part of the code, tried to keep most of the
+   former routines in order to include the new code within the former code.
+   The output is very simple: only an estimate of the intercept and of
+   the slope with 95% confident intervals.
+   Current limitations:
+   A) Even if you enter covariates, i.e. with the
+   model= V1+V2 equation for example, the programm does only estimate a unique global model without covariates.
+   B) There is no computation of Life Expectancy nor Life Table.
+   Revision 1.97  2004/02/20 13:25:42  lievre
+   Version 0.96d. Population forecasting command line is (temporarily)
+   suppressed.
+   Revision 1.96  2003/07/15 15:38:55  brouard
+   * imach.c (Repository): Errors in subdirf, 2, 3 while printing tmpout is
+   rewritten within the same printf. Workaround: many printfs.
+   Revision 1.95  2003/07/08 07:54:34  brouard
+   * imach.c (Repository):
+   (Repository): Using imachwizard code to output a more meaningful covariance
+   matrix (cov(a12,c31) instead of numbers.
+   Revision 1.94  2003/06/27 13:00:02  brouard
+   Just cleaning
+   Revision 1.93  2003/06/25 16:33:55  brouard
+   (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
+   exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
+   (Module): Version 0.96b
+   Revision 1.92  2003/06/25 16:30:45  brouard
+   (Module): On windows (cygwin) function asctime_r doesn't
+   exist so I changed back to asctime which exists.
+   Revision 1.91  2003/06/25 15:30:29  brouard
+   * imach.c (Repository): Duplicated warning errors corrected.
+   (Repository): Elapsed time after each iteration is now output. It
+   helps to forecast when convergence will be reached. Elapsed time
+   is stamped in powell.  We created a new html file for the graphs
+   concerning matrix of covariance. It has extension -cov.htm.
+   Revision 1.90  2003/06/24 12:34:15  brouard
+   (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
+   mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
+   of the covariance matrix to be input.
+   Revision 1.89  2003/06/24 12:30:52  brouard
+   (Module): Some bugs corrected for windows. Also, when
+   mle=-1 a template is output in file "or"mypar.txt with the design
+   of the covariance matrix to be input.
+   Revision 1.88  2003/06/23 17:54:56  brouard
+   * imach.c (Repository): Create a sub-directory where all the secondary files are. Only imach, htm, gp and r(imach) are on the main directory. Correct time and other things.
+   Revision 1.87  2003/06/18 12:26:01  brouard
+   Version 0.96
+   Revision 1.86  2003/06/17 20:04:08  brouard
+   (Module): Change position of html and gnuplot routines and added
+   routine fileappend.
+   Revision 1.85  2003/06/17 13:12:43  brouard
+   * imach.c (Repository): Check when date of death was earlier that
+   current date of interview. It may happen when the death was just
+   prior to the death. In this case, dh was negative and likelihood
+   was wrong (infinity). We still send an "Error" but patch by
+   assuming that the date of death was just one stepm after the
+   interview.
+   (Repository): Because some people have very long ID (first column)
+   we changed int to long in num[] and we added a new lvector for
+   memory allocation. But we also truncated to 8 characters (left
+   truncation)
+   (Repository): No more line truncation errors.
+   Revision 1.84  2003/06/13 21:44:43  brouard
+   * imach.c (Repository): Replace "freqsummary" at a correct
+   place. It differs from routine "prevalence" which may be called
+   many times. Probs is memory consuming and must be used with
+   parcimony.
+   Version 0.95a3 (should output exactly the same maximization than 0.8a2)
+   Revision 1.83  2003/06/10 13:39:11  lievre
+   *** empty log message ***
+   Revision 1.82  2003/06/05 15:57:20  brouard
+   Add log in  imach.c and  fullversion number is now printed.
+ */
+ /*
+    Interpolated Markov Chain
+   Short summary of the programme:
+   This program computes Healthy Life Expectancies from
+   cross-longitudinal data. Cross-longitudinal data consist in: -1- a
+   first survey ("cross") where individuals from different ages are
+   interviewed on their health status or degree of disability (in the
+   case of a health survey which is our main interest) -2- at least a
+   second wave of interviews ("longitudinal") which measure each change
+   (if any) in individual health status.  Health expectancies are
+   computed from the time spent in each health state according to a
+   model. More health states you consider, more time is necessary to reach the
+   Maximum Likelihood of the parameters involved in the model.  The
+   simplest model is the multinomial logistic model where pij is the
+   probability to be observed in state j at the second wave
+   conditional to be observed in state i at the first wave. Therefore
+   the model is: log(pij/pii)= aij + bij*age+ cij*sex + etc , where
+   'age' is age and 'sex' is a covariate. If you want to have a more
+   complex model than "constant and age", you should modify the program
+   where the markup *Covariates have to be included here again* invites
+   you to do it.  More covariates you add, slower the
+   convergence.
+   The advantage of this computer programme, compared to a simple
+   multinomial logistic model, is clear when the delay between waves is not
+   identical for each individual. Also, if a individual missed an
+   intermediate interview, the information is lost, but taken into
+   account using an interpolation or extrapolation.
+   hPijx is the probability to be observed in state i at age x+h
+   conditional to the observed state i at age x. The delay 'h' can be
+   split into an exact number (nh*stepm) of unobserved intermediate
+   states. This elementary transition (by month, quarter,
+   semester or year) is modelled as a multinomial logistic.  The hPx
+   matrix is simply the matrix product of nh*stepm elementary matrices
+   and the contribution of each individual to the likelihood is simply
+   hPijx.
    Also this programme outputs the covariance matrix of the parameters but also
-   of the life expectancies. It also computes the prevalence limits.
+   of the life expectancies. It also computes the stable prevalence.
    Authors: Nicolas Brouard (brouard@ined.fr) and Agnès Lièvre (lievre@ined.fr).
             Institut national d'études démographiques, Paris.
- Line 40
+ Line 179
    It is copyrighted identically to a GNU software product, ie programme and
    software can be distributed freely for non commercial use. Latest version
    can be accessed at http://euroreves.ined.fr/imach .
+   Help to debug: LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so ./imach foo.imach
+   or better on gdb : set env LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libnjamd.so
    **********************************************************************/
+ /*
+   main
+   read parameterfile
+   read datafile
+   concatwav
+   freqsummary
+   if (mle >= 1)
+     mlikeli
+   print results files
+   if mle==1
+      computes hessian
+   read end of parameter file: agemin, agemax, bage, fage, estepm
+       begin-prev-date,...
+   open gnuplot file
+   open html file
+   stable prevalence
+    for age prevalim()
+   h Pij x
+   variance of p varprob
+   forecasting if prevfcast==1 prevforecast call prevalence()
+   health expectancies
+   Variance-covariance of DFLE
+   prevalence()
+    movingaverage()
+   varevsij()
+   if popbased==1 varevsij(,popbased)
+   total life expectancies
+   Variance of stable prevalence
+  end
+ */
  #include <math.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
+ /* #include <sys/time.h> */
+ #include <time.h>
+ #include "timeval.h"
+ /* #include <libintl.h> */
+ /* #define _(String) gettext (String) */
  #define MAXLINE 256
- #define FILENAMELENGTH 80
+ #define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "gnuplot"
+ /*#define GNUPLOTPROGRAM "..\\gp37mgw\\wgnuplot"*/
+ #define FILENAMELENGTH 132
  /*#define DEBUG*/
- /*#define win*/
+ /*#define windows*/
+ #define GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH              -1      /* empty path */
+ #define GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD              -2      /* cannot get cwd */
  #define MAXPARM 30 /* Maximum number of parameters for the optimization */
- #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncov */
+ #define NPARMAX 64 /* (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel */
  #define NINTERVMAX 8
  #define NLSTATEMAX 8 /* Maximum number of live states (for func) */
- Line 63
+ Line 250
  #define YEARM 12. /* Number of months per year */
  #define AGESUP 130
  #define AGEBASE 40
+ #define AGEGOMP 10. /* Minimal age for Gompertz adjustment */
+ #ifdef UNIX
+ #define DIRSEPARATOR '/'
+ #define ODIRSEPARATOR '\\'
+ #else
+ #define DIRSEPARATOR '\\'
+ #define ODIRSEPARATOR '/'
+ #endif
+ /* $Id$ */
+ /* $State$ */
+ char version[]="Imach version 0.98, September 2005, INED-EUROREVES ";
+ char fullversion[]="$Revision$ $Date$";
+ int erreur, nberr=0, nbwarn=0; /* Error number, number of errors number of warnings  */
  int nvar;
+ int cptcovn=0, cptcovage=0, cptcoveff=0,cptcov;
  int npar=NPARMAX;
  int nlstate=2; /* Number of live states */
  int ndeath=1; /* Number of dead states */
- int ncov;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncov=2 */
+ int ncovmodel, ncovcol;     /* Total number of covariables including constant a12*1 +b12*x ncovmodel=2 */
+ int popbased=0;
  int *wav; /* Number of waves for this individuual 0 is possible */
  int maxwav; /* Maxim number of waves */
+ int jmin, jmax; /* min, max spacing between 2 waves */
+ int gipmx, gsw; /* Global variables on the number of contributions
+                    to the likelihood and the sum of weights (done by funcone)*/
  int mle, weightopt;
  int **mw; /* mw[mi][i] is number of the mi wave for this individual */
  int **dh; /* dh[mi][i] is number of steps between mi,mi+1 for this individual */
+ int **bh; /* bh[mi][i] is the bias (+ or -) for this individual if the delay between
+            * wave mi and wave mi+1 is not an exact multiple of stepm. */
+ double jmean; /* Mean space between 2 waves */
  double **oldm, **newm, **savm; /* Working pointers to matrices */
  double **oldms, **newms, **savms; /* Fixed working pointers to matrices */
- FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest;
+ FILE *fic,*ficpar, *ficparo,*ficres,  *ficrespl, *ficrespij, *ficrest,*ficresf,*ficrespop;
- FILE *ficgp, *fichtm;
+ FILE *ficlog, *ficrespow;
+ int globpr; /* Global variable for printing or not */
+ double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
+ long ipmx; /* Number of contributions */
+ double sw; /* Sum of weights */
+ char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char fileresilk[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* File of individual contributions to the likelihood */
+ FILE *ficresilk;
+ FILE *ficgp,*ficresprob,*ficpop, *ficresprobcov, *ficresprobcor;
+ FILE *ficresprobmorprev;
+ FILE *fichtm, *fichtmcov; /* Html File */
+ FILE *ficreseij;
+ char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ FILE  *ficresvij;
+ char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ FILE  *ficresvpl;
+ char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char title[MAXLINE];
+ char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char optionfilext[10], optionfilefiname[FILENAMELENGTH], plotcmd[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char tmpout[FILENAMELENGTH],  tmpout2[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char command[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ int  outcmd=0;
+ char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH], rfileres[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char filelog[FILENAMELENGTH]; /* Log file */
+ char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char popfile[FILENAMELENGTH];
+ char optionfilegnuplot[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtm[FILENAMELENGTH], optionfilehtmcov[FILENAMELENGTH] ;
+ struct timeval start_time, end_time, curr_time, last_time, forecast_time;
+ struct timezone tzp;
+ extern int gettimeofday();
+ struct tm tmg, tm, tmf, *gmtime(), *localtime();
+ long time_value;
+ extern long time();
+ char strcurr[80], strfor[80];
  #define NR_END 1
  #define FREE_ARG char*
- Line 102  FILE *ficgp, *fichtm;
+ Line 348  FILE *ficgp, *fichtm;
  static double maxarg1,maxarg2;
  #define FMAX(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)>(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
  #define FMIN(a,b) (maxarg1=(a),maxarg2=(b),(maxarg1)<(maxarg2)? (maxarg1):(maxarg2))
  #define SIGN(a,b) ((b)>0.0 ? fabs(a) : -fabs(a))
  #define rint(a) floor(a+0.5)
  static double sqrarg;
  #define SQR(a) ((sqrarg=(a)) == 0.0 ? 0.0 :sqrarg*sqrarg)
  #define SWAP(a,b) {temp=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=temp;}
+ int agegomp= AGEGOMP;
  int imx;
- int stepm;
+ int stepm=1;
  /* Stepm, step in month: minimum step interpolation*/
+ int estepm;
+ /* Estepm, step in month to interpolate survival function in order to approximate Life Expectancy*/
  int m,nb;
- int *num, firstpass=0, lastpass=2,*cod;
+ long *num;
+ int firstpass=0, lastpass=4,*cod, *ncodemax, *Tage,*cens;
  double **agev,*moisnais, *annais, *moisdc, *andc,**mint, **anint;
- double **pmmij;
+ double **pmmij, ***probs;
+ double *ageexmed,*agecens;
+ double dateintmean=0;
  double *weight;
  int **s; /* Status */
  double *agedc, **covar, idx;
+ int **nbcode, *Tcode, *Tvar, **codtab, **Tvard, *Tprod, cptcovprod, *Tvaraff;
+ double *lsurv, *lpop, *tpop;
  double ftol=FTOL; /* Tolerance for computing Max Likelihood */
  double ftolhess; /* Tolerance for computing hessian */
+ /**************** split *************************/
+ static  int split( char *path, char *dirc, char *name, char *ext, char *finame )
+ {
+   /* From a file name with full path (either Unix or Windows) we extract the directory (dirc)
+      the name of the file (name), its extension only (ext) and its first part of the name (finame)
+   */
+   char  *ss;                            /* pointer */
+   int   l1, l2;                         /* length counters */
+   l1 = strlen(path );                   /* length of path */
+   if ( l1 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
+   ss= strrchr( path, DIRSEPARATOR );            /* find last / */
+   if ( ss == NULL ) {                   /* no directory, so use current */
+     /*if(strrchr(path, ODIRSEPARATOR )==NULL)
+       printf("Warning you should use %s as a separator\n",DIRSEPARATOR);*/
+     /* get current working directory */
+     /*    extern  char* getcwd ( char *buf , int len);*/
+     if ( getcwd( dirc, FILENAME_MAX ) == NULL ) {
+       return( GLOCK_ERROR_GETCWD );
+     }
+     strcpy( name, path );               /* we've got it */
+   } else {                              /* strip direcotry from path */
+     ss++;                               /* after this, the filename */
+     l2 = strlen( ss );                  /* length of filename */
+     if ( l2 == 0 ) return( GLOCK_ERROR_NOPATH );
+     strcpy( name, ss );         /* save file name */
+     strncpy( dirc, path, l1 - l2 );     /* now the directory */
+     dirc[l1-l2] = 0;                    /* add zero */
+   }
+   l1 = strlen( dirc );                  /* length of directory */
+   /*#ifdef windows
+   if ( dirc[l1-1] != '\\' ) { dirc[l1] = '\\'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
+ #else
+   if ( dirc[l1-1] != '/' ) { dirc[l1] = '/'; dirc[l1+1] = 0; }
+ #endif
+   */
+   ss = strrchr( name, '.' );            /* find last / */
+   if (ss >0){
+     ss++;
+     strcpy(ext,ss);                     /* save extension */
+     l1= strlen( name);
+     l2= strlen(ss)+1;
+     strncpy( finame, name, l1-l2);
+     finame[l1-l2]= 0;
+   }
+   return( 0 );                          /* we're done */
+ }
  /******************************************/
- void replace(char *s, char*t)
+ void replace_back_to_slash(char *s, char*t)
  {
    int i;
-   int lg=20;
+   int lg=0;
    i=0;
    lg=strlen(t);
    for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
- Line 141  void replace(char *s, char*t)
+ Line 443  void replace(char *s, char*t)
      if (t[i]== '\\') s[i]='/';
    }
  }
- void cut(char *u,char *v, char*t)
+ int nbocc(char *s, char occ)
+ {
+   int i,j=0;
+   int lg=20;
+   i=0;
+   lg=strlen(s);
+   for(i=0; i<= lg; i++) {
+   if  (s[i] == occ ) j++;
+   }
+   return j;
+ }
+ void cutv(char *u,char *v, char*t, char occ)
  {
-   int i,lg,j,p;
+   /* cuts string t into u and v where u ends before first occurence of char 'occ'
+      and v starts after first occurence of char 'occ' : ex cutv(u,v,"abcdef2ghi2j",'2')
+      gives u="abcedf" and v="ghi2j" */
+   int i,lg,j,p=0;
    i=0;
-   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t); j++) {
+   for(j=0; j<=strlen(t)-1; j++) {
-     if(t[j]=='\\') p=j;
+     if((t[j]!= occ) && (t[j+1]== occ)) p=j+1;
    }
    lg=strlen(t);
    for(j=0; j<p; j++) {
      (u[j] = t[j]);
-     u[p]='\0';
    }
+      u[p]='\0';
-   for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
+    for(j=0; j<= lg; j++) {
      if (j>=(p+1))(v[j-p-1] = t[j]);
    }
  }
- Line 166  void nrerror(char error_text[])
+ Line 484  void nrerror(char error_text[])
  {
    fprintf(stderr,"ERREUR ...\n");
    fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",error_text);
-   exit(1);
+   exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  /*********************** vector *******************/
  double *vector(int nl, int nh)
- Line 198  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long
+ Line 516  void free_ivector(int *v, long nl, long
    free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
  }
+ /************************lvector *******************************/
+ long *lvector(long nl,long nh)
+ {
+   long *v;
+   v=(long *) malloc((size_t)((nh-nl+1+NR_END)*sizeof(long)));
+   if (!v) nrerror("allocation failure in ivector");
+   return v-nl+NR_END;
+ }
+ /******************free lvector **************************/
+ void free_lvector(long *v, long nl, long nh)
+ {
+   free((FREE_ARG)(v+nl-NR_END));
+ }
  /******************* imatrix *******************************/
  int **imatrix(long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch)
       /* allocate a int matrix with subscript range m[nrl..nrh][ncl..nch] */
- Line 252  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long
+ Line 585  double **matrix(long nrl, long nrh, long
    for (i=nrl+1; i<=nrh; i++) m[i]=m[i-1]+ncol;
    return m;
+   /* print *(*(m+1)+70) or print m[1][70]; print m+1 or print &(m[1])
+    */
  }
  /*************************free matrix ************************/
- Line 291  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long
+ Line 626  double ***ma3x(long nrl, long nrh, long
      for (j=ncl+1; j<=nch; j++)
        m[i][j]=m[i][j-1]+nlay;
    }
    return m;
+   /*  gdb: p *(m+1) <=> p m[1] and p (m+1) <=> p (m+1) <=> p &(m[1])
+            &(m[i][j][k]) <=> *((*(m+i) + j)+k)
+   */
  }
  /*************************free ma3x ************************/
- Line 302  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, lo
+ Line 640  void free_ma3x(double ***m, long nrl, lo
    free((FREE_ARG)(m+nrl-NR_END));
  }
+ /*************** function subdirf ***********/
+ char *subdirf(char fileres[])
+ {
+   /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
+   strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
+   strcat(tmpout,"/"); /* Add to the right */
+   strcat(tmpout,fileres);
+   return tmpout;
+ }
+ /*************** function subdirf2 ***********/
+ char *subdirf2(char fileres[], char *preop)
+ {
+   /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
+   strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
+   strcat(tmpout,"/");
+   strcat(tmpout,preop);
+   strcat(tmpout,fileres);
+   return tmpout;
+ }
+ /*************** function subdirf3 ***********/
+ char *subdirf3(char fileres[], char *preop, char *preop2)
+ {
+   /* Caution optionfilefiname is hidden */
+   strcpy(tmpout,optionfilefiname);
+   strcat(tmpout,"/");
+   strcat(tmpout,preop);
+   strcat(tmpout,preop2);
+   strcat(tmpout,fileres);
+   return tmpout;
+ }
  /***************** f1dim *************************/
  extern int ncom;
  extern double *pcom,*xicom;
- Line 339  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
+ Line 712  double brent(double ax, double bx, doubl
      tol2=2.0*(tol1=tol*fabs(x)+ZEPS);
      /*          if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret)))*/
      printf(".");fflush(stdout);
+     fprintf(ficlog,".");fflush(ficlog);
  #ifdef DEBUG
      printf("br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"br %d,x=%.10e xm=%.10e b=%.10e a=%.10e tol=%.10e tol1=%.10e tol2=%.10e x-xm=%.10e fx=%.12e fu=%.12e,fw=%.12e,ftemp=%.12e,ftol=%.12e\n",iter,x,xm,b,a,tol,tol1,tol2,(x-xm),fx,fu,fw,ftemp,ftol);
      /*          if ((fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a)))||(2.0*fabs(fu-ftemp) <= ftol*1.e-2*(fabs(fu)+fabs(ftemp)))) { */
  #endif
      if (fabs(x-xm) <= (tol2-0.5*(b-a))){
- Line 465  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
+ Line 840  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
    *fret=brent(ax,xx,bx,f1dim,TOL,&xmin);
  #ifdef DEBUG
    printf("retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"retour brent fret=%.12e xmin=%.12e\n",*fret,xmin);
  #endif
    for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
      xi[j] *= xmin;
- Line 474  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
+ Line 850  void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int
    free_vector(pcom,1,n);
  }
+ char *asc_diff_time(long time_sec, char ascdiff[])
+ {
+   long sec_left, days, hours, minutes;
+   days = (time_sec) / (60*60*24);
+   sec_left = (time_sec) % (60*60*24);
+   hours = (sec_left) / (60*60) ;
+   sec_left = (sec_left) %(60*60);
+   minutes = (sec_left) /60;
+   sec_left = (sec_left) % (60);
+   sprintf(ascdiff,"%d day(s) %d hour(s) %d minute(s) %d second(s)",days, hours, minutes, sec_left);
+   return ascdiff;
+ }
  /*************** powell ************************/
  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int n, double ftol, int *iter, double *fret,
              double (*func)(double []))
  {
    void linmin(double p[], double xi[], int n, double *fret,
                double (*func)(double []));
    int i,ibig,j;
    double del,t,*pt,*ptt,*xit;
    double fp,fptt;
    double *xits;
+   int niterf, itmp;
    pt=vector(1,n);
    ptt=vector(1,n);
    xit=vector(1,n);
- Line 497  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 885  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
      fp=(*fret);
      ibig=0;
      del=0.0;
-     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f",*iter,*fret);
+     last_time=curr_time;
-     for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
+     (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp);
+     printf("\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);fflush(stdout);
+     /*    fprintf(ficlog,"\nPowell iter=%d -2*LL=%.12f %ld sec. %ld sec.",*iter,*fret, curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec, curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
+     fprintf(ficrespow,"%d %.12f %ld",*iter,*fret,curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec);
+     */
+    for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
        printf(" %d %.12f",i, p[i]);
+       fprintf(ficlog," %d %.12lf",i, p[i]);
+       fprintf(ficrespow," %.12lf", p[i]);
+     }
      printf("\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+     fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");fflush(ficrespow);
+     if(*iter <=3){
+       tm = *localtime(&curr_time.tv_sec);
+       strcpy(strcurr,asctime(&tm));
+ /*       asctime_r(&tm,strcurr); */
+       forecast_time=curr_time;
+       itmp = strlen(strcurr);
+       if(strcurr[itmp-1]=='\n')  /* Windows outputs with a new line */
+         strcurr[itmp-1]='\0';
+       printf("\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\nConsidering the time needed for this last iteration #%d: %ld seconds,\n",*iter,curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
+       for(niterf=10;niterf<=30;niterf+=10){
+         forecast_time.tv_sec=curr_time.tv_sec+(niterf-*iter)*(curr_time.tv_sec-last_time.tv_sec);
+         tmf = *localtime(&forecast_time.tv_sec);
+ /*      asctime_r(&tmf,strfor); */
+         strcpy(strfor,asctime(&tmf));
+         itmp = strlen(strfor);
+         if(strfor[itmp-1]=='\n')
+         strfor[itmp-1]='\0';
+         printf("   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"   - if your program needs %d iterations to converge, convergence will be \n   reached in %s i.e.\n   on %s (current time is %s);\n",niterf, asc_diff_time(forecast_time.tv_sec-curr_time.tv_sec,tmpout),strfor,strcurr);
+       }
+     }
      for (i=1;i<=n;i++) {
        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) xit[j]=xi[j][i];
        fptt=(*fret);
  #ifdef DEBUG
        printf("fret=%lf \n",*fret);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"fret=%lf \n",*fret);
  #endif
        printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
        linmin(p,xit,n,fret,func);
        if (fabs(fptt-(*fret)) > del) {
          del=fabs(fptt-(*fret));
- Line 515  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 937  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        }
  #ifdef DEBUG
        printf("%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %.12e",i,(*fret));
        for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
          xits[j]=FMAX(fabs(p[j]-pt[j]),1.e-5);
          printf(" x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
+         fprintf(ficlog," x(%d)=%.12e",j,xit[j]);
        }
-       for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
+       for(j=1;j<=n;j++) {
          printf(" p=%.12e",p[j]);
+         fprintf(ficlog," p=%.12e",p[j]);
+       }
        printf("\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  #endif
      }
      if (2.0*fabs(fp-(*fret)) <= ftol*(fabs(fp)+fabs(*fret))) {
- Line 530  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 957  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
        k[0]=1;
        k[1]=-1;
        printf("Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
-       for (j=1;j<=n;j++)
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Max: %.12e",(*func)(p));
+       for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
          printf(" %.12e",p[j]);
+         fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",p[j]);
+       }
        printf("\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        for(l=0;l<=1;l++) {
          for (j=1;j<=n;j++) {
            ptt[j]=p[j]+(p[j]-pt[j])*k[l];
            printf("l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
+           fprintf(ficlog,"l=%d j=%d ptt=%.12e, xits=%.12e, p=%.12e, xit=%.12e", l,j,ptt[j],xits[j],p[j],xit[j]);
          }
          printf("func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
+         fprintf(ficlog,"func(ptt)=%.12e, deriv=%.12e\n",(*func)(ptt),(ptt[j]-p[j])/((*func)(ptt)-(*func)(p)));
        }
  #endif
- Line 566  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
+ Line 999  void powell(double p[], double **xi, int
          }
  #ifdef DEBUG
          printf("Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
-         for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Direction changed  last moved %d in place of ibig=%d, new last is the average:\n",n,ibig);
+         for(j=1;j<=n;j++){
            printf(" %.12e",xit[j]);
+           fprintf(ficlog," %.12e",xit[j]);
+         }
          printf("\n");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
  #endif
        }
      }
    }
  }
- /**** Prevalence limit ****************/
+ /**** Prevalence limit (stable prevalence)  ****************/
- double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl)
+ double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double x[], double age, double **oldm, double **savm, double ftolpl, int ij)
  {
    /* Computes the prevalence limit in each live state at age x by left multiplying the unit
       matrix by transitions matrix until convergence is reached */
- Line 593  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
+ Line 1030  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
      for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
        oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
      }
-   /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
+    cov[1]=1.;
+  /* Even if hstepm = 1, at least one multiplication by the unit matrix */
    for(agefin=age-stepm/YEARM; agefin>=age-delaymax; agefin=agefin-stepm/YEARM){
      newm=savm;
      /* Covariates have to be included here again */
-     cov[1]=1.;
+      cov[2]=agefin;
-     cov[2]=agefin;
-     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncov,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
- /*    printf("age=%f agefin=%f po=%f pn=%f\n",age,agefin,oldm[1][1],newm[1][1]);*/
+         cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
+         /*      printf("ij=%d k=%d Tvar[k]=%d nbcode=%d cov=%lf codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]=%d \n",ij,k, Tvar[k],nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]],cov[2+k], codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]);*/
+       }
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
+         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
+       /*printf("ij=%d cptcovprod=%d tvar=%d ", ij, cptcovprod, Tvar[1]);*/
+       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf cov[4]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3],cov[4]);*/
+       /*printf("ij=%d cov[3]=%lf \n",ij, cov[3]);*/
+     out=matprod2(newm, pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate),1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath, oldm);
      savm=oldm;
      oldm=newm;
      maxmax=0.;
- Line 624  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
+ Line 1074  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nl
    }
  }
- /*************** transition probabilities **********/
+ /*************** transition probabilities ***************/
- double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncov, double *x, int nlstate )
+ double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov, int ncovmodel, double *x, int nlstate )
  {
    double s1, s2;
    /*double t34;*/
    int i,j,j1, nc, ii, jj;
      for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
-     for(j=1; j<i;j++){
+       for(j=1; j<i;j++){
-       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncov; nc++){
+         for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
-         /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
+           /*s2 += param[i][j][nc]*cov[nc];*/
-         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncov+(j-1)*ncov+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncov]*cov[nc];
+           s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-1)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
-         /*printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
+ /*       printf("Int j<i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
-       }
+         }
-       ps[i][j]=s2;
+         ps[i][j]=s2;
-       /*printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2);*/
+ /*      printf("s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e\n",s1,s2); */
-     }
+       }
-     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
-       for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncov; nc++){
+         for (nc=1, s2=0.;nc <=ncovmodel; nc++){
-         s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncov+(j-2)*ncov+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncov]*cov[nc];
+           s2 += x[(i-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel+(j-2)*ncovmodel+nc+(i-1)*(ndeath-1)*ncovmodel]*cov[nc];
-         /*printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2);*/
+ /*        printf("Int j>i s1=%.17e, s2=%.17e %lx %lx\n",s1,s2,s1,s2); */
-       }
+         }
-       ps[i][j]=s2;
+         ps[i][j]=s2;
-     }
+       }
-   }
-   for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
-      s1=0;
-     for(j=1; j<i; j++)
-       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
-     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
-       s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
-     ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
-     for(j=1; j<i; j++)
-       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
-     for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
-       ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
-     /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
-   } /* end i */
-   for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
-     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
-       ps[ii][jj]=0;
-       ps[ii][ii]=1;
      }
-   }
+     /*ps[3][2]=1;*/
-   /*   for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
+     for(i=1; i<= nlstate; i++){
-     for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+       s1=0;
-      printf("%lf ",ps[ii][jj]);
+       for(j=1; j<i; j++)
-    }
+         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
-     printf("\n ");
+       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
+         s1+=exp(ps[i][j]);
+       ps[i][i]=1./(s1+1.);
+       for(j=1; j<i; j++)
+         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
+       for(j=i+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath; j++)
+         ps[i][j]= exp(ps[i][j])*ps[i][i];
+       /* ps[i][nlstate+1]=1.-s1- ps[i][i];*/ /* Sum should be 1 */
+     } /* end i */
+     for(ii=nlstate+1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){
+       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+         ps[ii][jj]=0;
+         ps[ii][ii]=1;
+       }
      }
-     printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]);*/
- /*
-   for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
+ /*        for(ii=1; ii<= nlstate+ndeath; ii++){ */
-   goto end;*/
+ /*       for(jj=1; jj<= nlstate+ndeath; jj++){ */
+ /*         printf("ddd %lf ",ps[ii][jj]); */
+ /*       } */
+ /*       printf("\n "); */
+ /*        } */
+ /*        printf("\n ");printf("%lf ",cov[2]); */
+        /*
+       for(i=1; i<= npar; i++) printf("%f ",x[i]);
+       goto end;*/
      return ps;
  }
- Line 688  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov,
+ Line 1141  double **pmij(double **ps, double *cov,
  double **matprod2(double **out, double **in,long nrl, long nrh, long ncl, long nch, long ncolol, long ncoloh, double **b)
  {
-   /* Computes the matric product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
+   /* Computes the matrix product of in(1,nrh-nrl+1)(1,nch-ncl+1) times
       b(1,nch-ncl+1)(1,ncoloh-ncolol+1) into out(...) */
    /* in, b, out are matrice of pointers which should have been initialized
       before: only the contents of out is modified. The function returns
- Line 705  double **matprod2(double **out, double *
+ Line 1158  double **matprod2(double **out, double *
  /************* Higher Matrix Product ***************/
- double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm )
+ double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstepm, double age, int hstepm, double *x, int nlstate, int stepm, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij )
  {
-   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over 'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' month
+   /* Computes the transition matrix starting at age 'age' over
-      duration (i.e. until
+      'nhstepm*hstepm*stepm' months (i.e. until
-      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
+      age (in years)  age+nhstepm*hstepm*stepm/12) by multiplying
+      nhstepm*hstepm matrices.
       Output is stored in matrix po[i][j][h] for h every 'hstepm' step
-      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big).
+      (typically every 2 years instead of every month which is too big
+      for the memory).
       Model is determined by parameters x and covariates have to be
       included manually here.
       */
-   int i, j, d, h;
+   int i, j, d, h, k;
    double **out, cov[NCOVMAX];
    double **newm;
- Line 734  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
+ Line 1189  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
        /* Covariates have to be included here again */
        cov[1]=1.;
        cov[2]=age+((h-1)*hstepm + (d-1))*stepm/YEARM;
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[ij][Tvar[k]]];
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++)
+         cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
+         cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
+       /*printf("hxi cptcov=%d cptcode=%d\n",cptcov,cptcode);*/
        /*printf("h=%d d=%d age=%f cov=%f\n",h,d,age,cov[2]);*/
        out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
-                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncov,x,nlstate));
+                    pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
        savm=oldm;
        oldm=newm;
      }
- Line 754  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
+ Line 1217  double ***hpxij(double ***po, int nhstep
  /*************** log-likelihood *************/
  double func( double *x)
  {
-   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d;
+   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
    double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
    double **out;
    double sw; /* Sum of weights */
    double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
+   int s1, s2;
+   double bbh, survp;
    long ipmx;
    /*extern weight */
    /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
    /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
    /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)
- printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
+     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
    */
+   cov[1]=1.;
    for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
-   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
-        for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+   if(mle==1){
-       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
-         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
-             for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
+       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
-         newm=savm;
+         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
-           cov[1]=1.;
+           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+             oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+             savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+           }
+         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
+           newm=savm;
+           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
+           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
+             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
+           }
+           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
+           savm=oldm;
+           oldm=newm;
+         } /* end mult */
+         /*lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/ /* Original formula */
+         /* But now since version 0.9 we anticipate for bias at large stepm.
+          * If stepm is larger than one month (smallest stepm) and if the exact delay
+          * (in months) between two waves is not a multiple of stepm, we rounded to
+          * the nearest (and in case of equal distance, to the lowest) interval but now
+          * we keep into memory the bias bh[mi][i] and also the previous matrix product
+          * (i.e to dh[mi][i]-1) saved in 'savm'. Then we inter(extra)polate the
+          * probability in order to take into account the bias as a fraction of the way
+          * from savm to out if bh is negative or even beyond if bh is positive. bh varies
+          * -stepm/2 to stepm/2 .
+          * For stepm=1 the results are the same as for previous versions of Imach.
+          * For stepm > 1 the results are less biased than in previous versions.
+          */
+         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
+         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
+         /* bias bh is positive if real duration
+          * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
+          */
+         /* lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/
+         if( s2 > nlstate){
+           /* i.e. if s2 is a death state and if the date of death is known
+              then the contribution to the likelihood is the probability to
+              die between last step unit time and current  step unit time,
+              which is also equal to probability to die before dh
+              minus probability to die before dh-stepm .
+              In version up to 0.92 likelihood was computed
+         as if date of death was unknown. Death was treated as any other
+         health state: the date of the interview describes the actual state
+         and not the date of a change in health state. The former idea was
+         to consider that at each interview the state was recorded
+         (healthy, disable or death) and IMaCh was corrected; but when we
+         introduced the exact date of death then we should have modified
+         the contribution of an exact death to the likelihood. This new
+         contribution is smaller and very dependent of the step unit
+         stepm. It is no more the probability to die between last interview
+         and month of death but the probability to survive from last
+         interview up to one month before death multiplied by the
+         probability to die within a month. Thanks to Chris
+         Jackson for correcting this bug.  Former versions increased
+         mortality artificially. The bad side is that we add another loop
+         which slows down the processing. The difference can be up to 10%
+         lower mortality.
+           */
+           lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
+         } else if  (s2==-2) {
+           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)
+             survp += out[s1][j];
+           lli= survp;
+         }
+         else if  (s2==-4) {
+           for (j=3,survp=0. ; j<=nlstate; j++)
+             survp += out[s1][j];
+           lli= survp;
+         }
+         else if  (s2==-5) {
+           for (j=1,survp=0. ; j<=2; j++)
+             survp += out[s1][j];
+           lli= survp;
+         }
+         else{
+           lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
+           /*  lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]));*/ /* linear interpolation */
+         }
+         /*lli=(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]);*/
+         /*if(lli ==000.0)*/
+         /*printf("bbh= %f lli=%f savm=%f out=%f %d\n",bbh,lli,savm[s1][s2], out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]],i); */
+         ipmx +=1;
+         sw += weight[i];
+         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
+       } /* end of wave */
+     } /* end of individual */
+   }  else if(mle==2){
+     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+             oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+             savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+           }
+         for(d=0; d<=dh[mi][i]; d++){
+           newm=savm;
+           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
+           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
+             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
+           }
+           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
+           savm=oldm;
+           oldm=newm;
+         } /* end mult */
+         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
+         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
+         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*(savm[s1][s2])):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
+         ipmx +=1;
+         sw += weight[i];
+         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
+       } /* end of wave */
+     } /* end of individual */
+   }  else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
+     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+             oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+             savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+           }
+         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
+           newm=savm;
+           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
+           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
+             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
+           }
+           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
+           savm=oldm;
+           oldm=newm;
+         } /* end mult */
+         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
+         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+         bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
+         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
+         ipmx +=1;
+         sw += weight[i];
+         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
+       } /* end of wave */
+     } /* end of individual */
+   }else if (mle==4){  /* ml=4 no inter-extrapolation */
+     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+             oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+             savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+           }
+         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
+           newm=savm;
+           cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
+           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
+             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
+           }
+           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
+           savm=oldm;
+           oldm=newm;
+         } /* end mult */
+         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
+         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+         if( s2 > nlstate){
+           lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
+         }else{
+           lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
+         }
+         ipmx +=1;
+         sw += weight[i];
+         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
+ /*      printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
+       } /* end of wave */
+     } /* end of individual */
+   }else{  /* ml=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
+     for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
+       for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+       for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+         for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+           for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+             oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+             savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+           }
+         for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
+           newm=savm;
            cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
-             out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+           for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
-,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncov,x,nlstate));
+             cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
+           }
+           out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
            savm=oldm;
            oldm=newm;
+         } /* end mult */
+         s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
+         s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+         lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]); /* Original formula */
+         ipmx +=1;
+         sw += weight[i];
+         ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
+         /*printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);*/
+       } /* end of wave */
+     } /* end of individual */
+   } /* End of if */
+   for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
+   /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
+   l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
+   return -l;
+ }
+ /*************** log-likelihood *************/
+ double funcone( double *x)
+ {
+   /* Same as likeli but slower because of a lot of printf and if */
+   int i, ii, j, k, mi, d, kk;
+   double l, ll[NLSTATEMAX], cov[NCOVMAX];
+   double **out;
+   double lli; /* Individual log likelihood */
+   double llt;
+   int s1, s2;
+   double bbh, survp;
+   /*extern weight */
+   /* We are differentiating ll according to initial status */
+   /*  for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) printf("%f ", x[i]);*/
+   /*for(i=1;i<imx;i++)
+     printf(" %d\n",s[4][i]);
+   */
+   cov[1]=1.;
+   for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++) ll[k]=0.;
+   for (i=1,ipmx=0, sw=0.; i<=imx; i++){
+     for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) cov[2+k]=covar[Tvar[k]][i];
+     for(mi=1; mi<= wav[i]-1; mi++){
+       for (ii=1;ii<=nlstate+ndeath;ii++)
+         for (j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+           oldm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+           savm[ii][j]=(ii==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+         }
+       for(d=0; d<dh[mi][i]; d++){
+         newm=savm;
+         cov[2]=agev[mw[mi][i]][i]+d*stepm/YEARM;
+         for (kk=1; kk<=cptcovage;kk++) {
+           cov[Tage[kk]+2]=covar[Tvar[Tage[kk]]][i]*cov[2];
+         }
+         out=matprod2(newm,oldm,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath,
+,nlstate+ndeath,pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate));
+         savm=oldm;
+         oldm=newm;
        } /* end mult */
-       lli=log(out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);
+       s1=s[mw[mi][i]][i];
-       /* printf(" %f ",out[s[mw[mi][i]][i]][s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]]);*/
+       s2=s[mw[mi+1][i]][i];
+       bbh=(double)bh[mi][i]/(double)stepm;
+       /* bias is positive if real duration
+        * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
+        */
+       if( s2 > nlstate && (mle <5) ){  /* Jackson */
+         lli=log(out[s1][s2] - savm[s1][s2]);
+       } else if (mle==1){
+         lli= log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]); /* linear interpolation */
+       } else if(mle==2){
+         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2]- bbh*savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* linear interpolation */
+       } else if(mle==3){  /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
+         lli= (savm[s1][s2]>(double)1.e-8 ?(1.+bbh)*log(out[s1][s2])- bbh*log(savm[s1][s2]):log((1.+bbh)*out[s1][s2])); /* exponential inter-extrapolation */
+       } else if (mle==4){  /* mle=4 no inter-extrapolation */
+         lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
+       } else{  /* ml>=5 no inter-extrapolation no jackson =0.8a */
+         lli=log(out[s1][s2]); /* Original formula */
+       } /* End of if */
        ipmx +=1;
        sw += weight[i];
        ll[s[mw[mi][i]][i]] += 2*weight[i]*lli;
+ /*       printf("i=%6d s1=%1d s2=%1d mi=%1d mw=%1d dh=%3d prob=%10.6f w=%6.4f out=%10.6f sav=%10.6f\n",i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
+       if(globpr){
+         fprintf(ficresilk,"%9d %6d %1d %1d %1d %1d %3d %10.6f %6.4f\
+  %10.6f %10.6f %10.6f ", \
+                 num[i],i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],
+*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]);
+         for(k=1,llt=0.,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++){
+           llt +=ll[k]*gipmx/gsw;
+           fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f",-ll[k]*gipmx/gsw);
+         }
+         fprintf(ficresilk," %10.6f\n", -llt);
+       }
      } /* end of wave */
    } /* end of individual */
    for(k=1,l=0.; k<=nlstate; k++) l += ll[k];
    /* printf("l1=%f l2=%f ",ll[1],ll[2]); */
    l= l*ipmx/sw; /* To get the same order of magnitude as if weight=1 for every body */
+   if(globpr==0){ /* First time we count the contributions and weights */
+     gipmx=ipmx;
+     gsw=sw;
+   }
    return -l;
  }
+ /*************** function likelione ***********/
+ void likelione(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int nlstate, int *globpri, long *ipmx, double *sw, double *fretone, double (*funcone)(double []))
+ {
+   /* This routine should help understanding what is done with
+      the selection of individuals/waves and
+      to check the exact contribution to the likelihood.
+      Plotting could be done.
+    */
+   int k;
+   if(*globpri !=0){ /* Just counts and sums, no printings */
+     strcpy(fileresilk,"ilk");
+     strcat(fileresilk,fileres);
+     if((ficresilk=fopen(fileresilk,"w"))==NULL) {
+       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresilk);
+     }
+     fprintf(ficresilk, "#individual(line's_record) s1 s2 wave# effective_wave# number_of_matrices_product pij weight -2ln(pij)*weight 0pij_x 0pij_(x-stepm) cumulating_loglikeli_by_health_state(reweighted=-2ll*weightXnumber_of_contribs/sum_of_weights) and_total\n");
+     fprintf(ficresilk, "#num_i i s1 s2 mi mw dh likeli weight 2wlli out sav ");
+     /*  i,s1,s2,mi,mw[mi][i],dh[mi][i],exp(lli),weight[i],2*weight[i]*lli,out[s1][s2],savm[s1][s2]); */
+     for(k=1; k<=nlstate; k++)
+       fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll[%d]++",k);
+     fprintf(ficresilk," -2*gipw/gsw*weight*ll(total)\n");
+   }
+   *fretone=(*funcone)(p);
+   if(*globpri !=0){
+     fclose(ficresilk);
+     fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>File of contributions to the likelihood: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",subdirf(fileresilk),subdirf(fileresilk));
+     fflush(fichtm);
+   }
+   return;
+ }
  /*********** Maximum Likelihood Estimation ***************/
- void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncov, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
+ void mlikeli(FILE *ficres,double p[], int npar, int ncovmodel, int nlstate, double ftol, double (*func)(double []))
  {
    int i,j, iter;
-   double **xi,*delti;
+   double **xi;
    double fret;
+   double fretone; /* Only one call to likelihood */
+   /*  char filerespow[FILENAMELENGTH];*/
    xi=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++)
      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)
        xi[i][j]=(i==j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
-   printf("Powell\n");
+   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
+   strcpy(filerespow,"pow");
+   strcat(filerespow,fileres);
+   if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
+   }
+   fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
+   for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
+     for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+       if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
+   fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
    powell(p,xi,npar,ftol,&iter,&fret,func);
-    printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
+   fclose(ficrespow);
-   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f ",iter,func(p));
+   printf("\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f\n",iter,func(p));
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
+   fprintf(ficres,"#Number of iterations = %d, -2 Log likelihood = %.12f \n",iter,func(p));
  }
- Line 826  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
+ Line 1633  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
    int i, j,jk;
    int *indx;
-   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[]);
+   double hessii(double p[], double delta, int theta, double delti[],double (*func)(double []),int npar);
-   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j);
+   double hessij(double p[], double delti[], int i, int j,double (*func)(double []),int npar);
    void lubksb(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double b[]) ;
    void ludcmp(double **a, int npar, int *indx, double *d) ;
+   double gompertz(double p[]);
    hess=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
    printf("\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\nCalculation of the hessian matrix. Wait...\n");
    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
      printf("%d",i);fflush(stdout);
-     hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"%d",i);fflush(ficlog);
-     /*printf(" %f ",p[i]);*/
+      hess[i][i]=hessii(p,ftolhess,i,delti,func,npar);
+     /*  printf(" %f ",p[i]);
+         printf(" %lf %lf %lf",hess[i][i],ftolhess,delti[i]);*/
    }
    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++)  {
        if (j>i) {
          printf(".%d%d",i,j);fflush(stdout);
-         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j);
+         fprintf(ficlog,".%d%d",i,j);fflush(ficlog);
-         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];
+         hess[i][j]=hessij(p,delti,i,j,func,npar);
+         hess[j][i]=hess[i][j];
+         /*printf(" %lf ",hess[i][j]);*/
        }
      }
    }
    printf("\n");
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
    printf("\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\nInverting the hessian to get the covariance matrix. Wait...\n");
    a=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
    y=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
- Line 872  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
+ Line 1688  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
    }
    printf("\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\n#Hessian matrix#\n");
    for (i=1;i<=npar;i++) {
      for (j=1;j<=npar;j++) {
        printf("%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",hess[i][j]);
      }
      printf("\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
    }
    /* Recompute Inverse */
- Line 893  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
+ Line 1712  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
      for (i=1;i<=npar;i++){
        y[i][j]=x[i];
        printf("%.3e ",y[i][j]);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%.3e ",y[i][j]);
      }
      printf("\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
    }
    */
- Line 908  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
+ Line 1729  void hesscov(double **matcov, double p[]
  }
  /*************** hessian matrix ****************/
- double hessii( double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[])
+ double hessii(double x[], double delta, int theta, double delti[], double (*func)(double []), int npar)
  {
    int i;
    int l=1, lmax=20;
    double k1,k2;
    double p2[NPARMAX+1];
    double res;
-   double delt, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
+   double delt=0.0001, delts, nkhi=10.,nkhif=1., khi=1.e-4;
    double fx;
    int k=0,kmax=10;
    double l1;
- Line 936  double hessii( double x[], double delta,
+ Line 1757  double hessii( double x[], double delta,
  #ifdef DEBUG
        printf("%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k1=%.12e k2=%.12e xk1=%.12e xk2=%.12e delt=%.12e res=%.12e l=%d k=%d,fx=%.12e\n",theta,theta,k1,k2,x[theta]+delt,x[theta]-delt,delt,res, l, k,fx);
  #endif
        /*if(fabs(k1-2.0*fx+k2) <1.e-13){ */
        if((k1 <khi/nkhi/2.) || (k2 <khi/nkhi/2.)){
- Line 950  double hessii( double x[], double delta,
+ Line 1772  double hessii( double x[], double delta,
      }
    }
    delti[theta]=delts;
    return res;
  }
- double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj)
+ double hessij( double x[], double delti[], int thetai,int thetaj,double (*func)(double []),int npar)
  {
    int i;
    int l=1, l1, lmax=20;
- Line 983  double hessij( double x[], double delti[
+ Line 1805  double hessij( double x[], double delti[
      res=(k1-k2-k3+k4)/4.0/delti[thetai]*k/delti[thetaj]*k/2.; /* Because of L not 2*L */
  #ifdef DEBUG
      printf("%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d k=%d, k1=%.12e k2=%.12e k3=%.12e k4=%.12e delti/k=%.12e deltj/k=%.12e, xi-de/k=%.12e xj-de/k=%.12e  res=%.12e k1234=%.12e,k1-2=%.12e,k3-4=%.12e\n",thetai,thetaj,k,k1,k2,k3,k4,delti[thetai]/k,delti[thetaj]/k,x[thetai]-delti[thetai]/k,x[thetaj]-delti[thetaj]/k, res,k1-k2-k3+k4,k1-k2,k3-k4);
  #endif
    }
    return res;
- Line 1063  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx
+ Line 1886  void lubksb(double **a, int n, int *indx
  }
  /************ Frequencies ********************/
- void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int agemin, int agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx)
+ void  freqsummary(char fileres[], int iagemin, int iagemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvaraff, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, char strstart[])
  {  /* Some frequencies */
-   int i, m, jk;
+   int i, m, jk, k1,i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
+   int first;
    double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
-   double *pp;
+   double *pp, **prop;
-   double pos;
+   double pos,posprop, k2, dateintsum=0,k2cpt=0;
    FILE *ficresp;
    char fileresp[FILENAMELENGTH];
    pp=vector(1,nlstate);
+   prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
    strcpy(fileresp,"p");
    strcat(fileresp,fileres);
    if((ficresp=fopen(fileresp,"w"))==NULL) {
      printf("Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with prevalence resultfile: %s\n", fileresp);
      exit(0);
    }
+   freq= ma3x(-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);
+   j1=0;
+   j=cptcoveff;
+   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
-   freq= ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,agemin,agemax+3);
+   first=1;
-   for (i=-1; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
-     for (jk=-1; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
-       for(m=agemin; m <= agemax+3; m++)
-         freq[i][jk][m]=0;
-   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
+   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
-     for(m=firstpass; m<= lastpass-1; m++){
+     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
-       if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=agemax+1;
+       j1++;
-       if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=agemax+2;
+       /*printf("cptcoveff=%d Tvaraff=%d", cptcoveff,Tvaraff[1]);
-        freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
+         scanf("%d", i);*/
-        freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int) agemax+3] += weight[i];
+       for (i=-5; i<=nlstate+ndeath; i++)
-     }
+         for (jk=-5; jk<=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
-   }
+           for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
+             freq[i][jk][m]=0;
+     for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)
+       for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
+         prop[i][m]=0;
+       dateintsum=0;
+       k2cpt=0;
+       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
+         bool=1;
+         if  (cptcovn>0) {
+           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)
+             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])
+               bool=0;
+         }
+         if (bool==1){
+           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){
+             k2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.);
+             /*if ((k2>=dateprev1) && (k2<=dateprev2)) {*/
+               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
+               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
+               if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
+               if (m<lastpass) {
+                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
+                 freq[s[m][i]][s[m+1][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
+               }
+               if ((agev[m][i]>1) && (agev[m][i]< (iagemax+3))) {
+                 dateintsum=dateintsum+k2;
+                 k2cpt++;
+               }
+               /*}*/
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       /*      fprintf(ficresp, "#Count between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
+ fprintf(ficresp, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+       if  (cptcovn>0) {
+         fprintf(ficresp, "\n#********** Variable ");
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresp, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
+         fprintf(ficresp, "**********\n#");
+       }
+       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+         fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
+       fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
+       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
+         if(i==iagemax+3){
+           fprintf(ficlog,"Total");
+         }else{
+           if(first==1){
+             first=0;
+             printf("See log file for details...\n");
+           }
+           fprintf(ficlog,"Age %d", i);
+         }
+         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+           for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
+             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
+         }
+         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+           for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
+             pos += freq[jk][m][i];
+           if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10){
+             if(first==1){
+             printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
+             }
+             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
+           }else{
+             if(first==1)
+               printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+           }
+         }
-   fprintf(ficresp, "#");
+         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+           for(m=0, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
-     fprintf(ficresp, " Age Prev(%d) N(%d) N",i,i);
+             pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
- fprintf(ficresp, "\n");
+         }
+         for(jk=1,pos=0,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-   for(i=(int)agemin; i <= (int)agemax+3; i++){
+           pos += pp[jk];
-     if(i==(int)agemax+3)
+           posprop += prop[jk][i];
-       printf("Total");
+         }
-     else
+         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-       printf("Age %d", i);
+           if(pos>=1.e-5){
-     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+             if(first==1)
-       for(m=-1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath ; m++)
+               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
-         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
+             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
-     }
+           }else{
-     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+             if(first==1)
-       for(m=-1, pos=0; m <=0 ; m++)
+               printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
-         pos += freq[jk][m][i];
+             fprintf(ficlog," %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
-       if(pp[jk]>=1.e-10)
+           }
-         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pos/pp[jk]);
+           if( i <= iagemax){
-       else
+             if(pos>=1.e-5){
-         printf(" %d.=%.0f loss[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+               fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i]/posprop, prop[jk][i],posprop);
-     }
+               /*probs[i][jk][j1]= pp[jk]/pos;*/
-     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+               /*printf("\ni=%d jk=%d j1=%d %.5f %.0f %.0f %f",i,jk,j1,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos,probs[i][jk][j1]);*/
-       for(m=1, pp[jk]=0; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
+             }
-         pp[jk] += freq[jk][m][i];
+             else
-     }
+               fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,prop[jk][i],posprop);
-     for(jk=1,pos=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++)
+           }
-       pos += pp[jk];
+         }
-     for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
-       if(pos>=1.e-5)
+         for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
-         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=%.1f%%",jk,pp[jk],jk,100*pp[jk]/pos);
+           for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
-       else
+             if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) {
-         printf(" %d.=%.0f prev[%d]=NaNQ%%",jk,pp[jk],jk);
+             if(first==1)
-       if( i <= (int) agemax){
+               printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
-         if(pos>=1.e-5)
+               fprintf(ficlog," %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
-           fprintf(ficresp," %d %.5f %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk]/pos, pp[jk],pos);
+             }
-       else
+         if(i <= iagemax)
-           fprintf(ficresp," %d NaNq %.0f %.0f",i,pp[jk],pos);
+           fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
+         if(first==1)
+           printf("Others in log...\n");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
        }
      }
-     for(jk=-1; jk <=nlstate+ndeath; jk++)
-       for(m=-1; m <=nlstate+ndeath; m++)
-         if(freq[jk][m][i] !=0 ) printf(" %d%d=%.0f",jk,m,freq[jk][m][i]);
-     if(i <= (int) agemax)
-       fprintf(ficresp,"\n");
-     printf("\n");
    }
+   dateintmean=dateintsum/k2cpt;
    fclose(ficresp);
-   free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) agemin,(int) agemax+3);
+   free_ma3x(freq,-5,nlstate+ndeath,-5,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);
    free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);
+   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate,iagemin, iagemax+3);
+   /* End of Freq */
+ }
- }  /* End of Freq */
+ /************ Prevalence ********************/
+ void prevalence(double ***probs, double agemin, double agemax, int **s, double **agev, int nlstate, int imx, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax,double **mint,double **anint, double dateprev1,double dateprev2, int firstpass, int lastpass)
+ {
+   /* Compute observed prevalence between dateprev1 and dateprev2 by counting the number of people
+      in each health status at the date of interview (if between dateprev1 and dateprev2).
+      We still use firstpass and lastpass as another selection.
+   */
+   int i, m, jk, k1, i1, j1, bool, z1,z2,j;
+   double ***freq; /* Frequencies */
+   double *pp, **prop;
+   double pos,posprop;
+   double  y2; /* in fractional years */
+   int iagemin, iagemax;
+   iagemin= (int) agemin;
+   iagemax= (int) agemax;
+   /*pp=vector(1,nlstate);*/
+   prop=matrix(1,nlstate,iagemin,iagemax+3);
+   /*  freq=ma3x(-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath,iagemin,iagemax+3);*/
+   j1=0;
+   j=cptcoveff;
+   if (cptcovn<1) {j=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
+   for(k1=1; k1<=j;k1++){
+     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
+       j1++;
+       for (i=1; i<=nlstate; i++)
+         for(m=iagemin; m <= iagemax+3; m++)
+           prop[i][m]=0.0;
+       for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /* Each individual */
+         bool=1;
+         if  (cptcovn>0) {
+           for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++)
+             if (covar[Tvaraff[z1]][i]!= nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]])
+               bool=0;
+         }
+         if (bool==1) {
+           for(m=firstpass; m<=lastpass; m++){/* Other selection (we can limit to certain interviews*/
+             y2=anint[m][i]+(mint[m][i]/12.); /* Fractional date in year */
+             if ((y2>=dateprev1) && (y2<=dateprev2)) { /* Here is the main selection (fractional years) */
+               if(agev[m][i]==0) agev[m][i]=iagemax+1;
+               if(agev[m][i]==1) agev[m][i]=iagemax+2;
+               if((int)agev[m][i] <iagemin || (int)agev[m][i] >iagemax+3) printf("Error on individual =%d agev[m][i]=%f m=%d\n",i, agev[m][i],m);
+               if (s[m][i]>0 && s[m][i]<=nlstate) {
+                 /*if(i>4620) printf(" i=%d m=%d s[m][i]=%d (int)agev[m][i]=%d weight[i]=%f prop=%f\n",i,m,s[m][i],(int)agev[m][m],weight[i],prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]]);*/
+                 prop[s[m][i]][(int)agev[m][i]] += weight[i];
+                 prop[s[m][i]][iagemax+3] += weight[i];
+               }
+             }
+           } /* end selection of waves */
+         }
+       }
+       for(i=iagemin; i <= iagemax+3; i++){
+         for(jk=1,posprop=0; jk <=nlstate ; jk++) {
+           posprop += prop[jk][i];
+         }
+         for(jk=1; jk <=nlstate ; jk++){
+           if( i <=  iagemax){
+             if(posprop>=1.e-5){
+               probs[i][jk][j1]= prop[jk][i]/posprop;
+             }
+           }
+         }/* end jk */
+       }/* end i */
+     } /* end i1 */
+   } /* end k1 */
+   /*  free_ma3x(freq,-1,nlstate+ndeath,-1,nlstate+ndeath, iagemin, iagemax+3);*/
+   /*free_vector(pp,1,nlstate);*/
+   free_matrix(prop,1,nlstate, iagemin,iagemax+3);
+ }  /* End of prevalence */
  /************* Waves Concatenation ***************/
- void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
+ void  concatwav(int wav[], int **dh, int **bh,  int **mw, int **s, double *agedc, double **agev, int  firstpass, int lastpass, int imx, int nlstate, int stepm)
  {
    /* Concatenates waves: wav[i] is the number of effective (useful waves) of individual i.
       Death is a valid wave (if date is known).
       mw[mi][i] is the mi (mi=1 to wav[i])  effective wave of individual i
-      dh[m][i] of dh[mw[mi][i][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
+      dh[m][i] or dh[mw[mi][i]][i] is the delay between two effective waves m=mw[mi][i]
       and mw[mi+1][i]. dh depends on stepm.
       */
    int i, mi, m;
-   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
+   /* int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl,jmin=1e+5, jmax=-1;
- float sum=0.;
+      double sum=0., jmean=0.;*/
+   int first;
+   int j, k=0,jk, ju, jl;
+   double sum=0.;
+   first=0;
+   jmin=1e+5;
+   jmax=-1;
+   jmean=0.;
    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
      mi=0;
      m=firstpass;
      while(s[m][i] <= nlstate){
-       if(s[m][i]>=1)
+       if(s[m][i]>=1 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5)
          mw[++mi][i]=m;
        if(m >=lastpass)
          break;
- Line 1185  float sum=0.;
+ Line 2169  float sum=0.;
      }
      wav[i]=mi;
-     if(mi==0)
+     if(mi==0){
-       printf("Warning, no any valid information for:%d line=%d\n",num[i],i);
+       nbwarn++;
-   }
+       if(first==0){
+         printf("Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped) and may be others, see log file\n",num[i],i);
+         first=1;
+       }
+       if(first==1){
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Warning! None valid information for:%ld line=%d (skipped)\n",num[i],i);
+       }
+     } /* end mi==0 */
+   } /* End individuals */
    for(i=1; i<=imx; i++){
      for(mi=1; mi<wav[i];mi++){
        if (stepm <=0)
          dh[mi][i]=1;
        else{
-         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) {
+         if (s[mw[mi+1][i]][i] > nlstate) { /* A death */
-           j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);
+           if (agedc[i] < 2*AGESUP) {
-           if(j=0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
+             j= rint(agedc[i]*12-agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12);
+             if(j==0) j=1;  /* Survives at least one month after exam */
+             else if(j<0){
+               nberr++;
+               printf("Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
+               j=1; /* Temporary Dangerous patch */
+               printf("   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
+               fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d to death) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
+               fprintf(ficlog,"   We assumed that the date of interview was correct (and not the date of death) and postponed the death %d month(s) (one stepm) after the interview. You MUST fix the contradiction between dates.\n",stepm);
+             }
+             k=k+1;
+             if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
+             if (j <= jmin) jmin=j;
+             sum=sum+j;
+             /*if (j<0) printf("j=%d num=%d \n",j,i);*/
+             /*    printf("%d %d %d %d\n", s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i],j,i);*/
+           }
          }
          else{
            j= rint( (agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i]*12 - agev[mw[mi][i]][i]*12));
+ /*        if (j<0) printf("%d %lf %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi+1][i]][i], agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]); */
            k=k+1;
            if (j >= jmax) jmax=j;
            else if (j <= jmin)jmin=j;
+           /*        if (j<10) printf("j=%d jmin=%d num=%d ",j,jmin,i); */
+           /*printf("%d %lf %d %d %d\n", i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],j,s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);*/
+           if(j<0){
+             nberr++;
+             printf("Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Negative delay (%d) between waves %d and %d of individual %ld at line %d who is aged %.1f with statuses from %d to %d\n ",j,mw[mi][i],mw[mi+1][i],num[i], i,agev[mw[mi][i]][i],s[mw[mi][i]][i] ,s[mw[mi+1][i]][i]);
+           }
            sum=sum+j;
          }
          jk= j/stepm;
          jl= j -jk*stepm;
          ju= j -(jk+1)*stepm;
-         if(jl <= -ju)
+         if(mle <=1){ /* only if we use a the linear-interpoloation pseudo-likelihood */
-           dh[mi][i]=jk;
+           if(jl==0){
-         else
+             dh[mi][i]=jk;
-           dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
+             bh[mi][i]=0;
-         if(dh[mi][i]==0)
+           }else{ /* We want a negative bias in order to only have interpolation ie
-           dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
+                   * at the price of an extra matrix product in likelihood */
+             dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
+             bh[mi][i]=ju;
+           }
+         }else{
+           if(jl <= -ju){
+             dh[mi][i]=jk;
+             bh[mi][i]=jl;       /* bias is positive if real duration
+                                  * is higher than the multiple of stepm and negative otherwise.
+                                  */
+           }
+           else{
+             dh[mi][i]=jk+1;
+             bh[mi][i]=ju;
+           }
+           if(dh[mi][i]==0){
+             dh[mi][i]=1; /* At least one step */
+             bh[mi][i]=ju; /* At least one step */
+             /*  printf(" bh=%d ju=%d jl=%d dh=%d jk=%d stepm=%d %d\n",bh[mi][i],ju,jl,dh[mi][i],jk,stepm,i);*/
+           }
+         } /* end if mle */
        }
-     }
+     } /* end wave */
    }
-   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,sum/k);
+   jmean=sum/k;
- }
+   printf("Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Delay (in months) between two waves Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%f\n\n ",jmin, jmax,jmean);
- /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
+  }
- void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm)
+ /*********** Tricode ****************************/
+ void tricode(int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int imx)
  {
-   /* Health expectancies */
-   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;
+   int Ndum[20],ij=1, k, j, i, maxncov=19;
-   double age, agelim,hf;
+   int cptcode=0;
-   double ***p3mat;
+   cptcoveff=0;
+   for (k=0; k<maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
+   for (k=1; k<=7; k++) ncodemax[k]=0;
-   FILE  *ficreseij;
+   for (j=1; j<=(cptcovn+2*cptcovprod); j++) {
-   char filerese[FILENAMELENGTH];
+     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) { /*reads the data file to get the maximum
+                                modality*/
+       ij=(int)(covar[Tvar[j]][i]); /* ij is the modality of this individual*/
+       Ndum[ij]++; /*store the modality */
+       /*printf("i=%d ij=%d Ndum[ij]=%d imx=%d",i,ij,Ndum[ij],imx);*/
+       if (ij > cptcode) cptcode=ij; /* getting the maximum of covariable
+                                        Tvar[j]. If V=sex and male is 0 and
+                                        female is 1, then  cptcode=1.*/
+     }
-   strcpy(filerese,"e");
+     for (i=0; i<=cptcode; i++) {
-   strcat(filerese,fileres);
+       if(Ndum[i]!=0) ncodemax[j]++; /* Nomber of modalities of the j th covariates. In fact ncodemax[j]=2 (dichotom. variables) but it can be more */
-   if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
+     }
-     printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
-   }
-   printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
-   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
+     ij=1;
+     for (i=1; i<=ncodemax[j]; i++) {
+       for (k=0; k<= maxncov; k++) {
+         if (Ndum[k] != 0) {
+           nbcode[Tvar[j]][ij]=k;
+           /* store the modality in an array. k is a modality. If we have model=V1+V1*sex then: nbcode[1][1]=0 ; nbcode[1][2]=1; nbcode[2][1]=0 ; nbcode[2][2]=1; */
+           ij++;
+         }
+         if (ij > ncodemax[j]) break;
+       }
+     }
+   }
+  for (k=0; k< maxncov; k++) Ndum[k]=0;
+  for (i=1; i<=ncovmodel-2; i++) {
+    /* Listing of all covariables in statement model to see if some covariates appear twice. For example, V1 appears twice in V1+V1*V2.*/
+    ij=Tvar[i];
+    Ndum[ij]++;
+  }
+  ij=1;
+  for (i=1; i<= maxncov; i++) {
+    if((Ndum[i]!=0) && (i<=ncovcol)){
+      Tvaraff[ij]=i; /*For printing */
+      ij++;
+    }
+  }
+  cptcoveff=ij-1; /*Number of simple covariates*/
+ }
+ /*********** Health Expectancies ****************/
+ void evsij(char fileres[], double ***eij, double x[], int nlstate, int stepm, int bage, int fage, double **oldm, double **savm, int ij, int estepm,double delti[],double **matcov,char strstart[] )
+ {
+   /* Health expectancies */
+   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm, k, cptj;
+   double age, agelim, hf;
+   double ***p3mat,***varhe;
+   double **dnewm,**doldm;
+   double *xp;
+   double **gp, **gm;
+   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
+   int theta;
+   varhe=ma3x(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+   xp=vector(1,npar);
+   dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
+   doldm=matrix(1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(ficreseij,"# Health expectancies\n");
    fprintf(ficreseij,"# Age");
    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
-       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
+       fprintf(ficreseij," %1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
    fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
-   hstepm=1*YEARM; /*  Every j years of age (in month) */
+   if(estepm < stepm){
-   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
+     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
+   }
+   else  hstepm=estepm;
+   /* We compute the life expectancy from trapezoids spaced every estepm months
+    * This is mainly to measure the difference between two models: for example
+    * if stepm=24 months pijx are given only every 2 years and by summing them
+    * we are calculating an estimate of the Life Expectancy assuming a linear
+    * progression in between and thus overestimating or underestimating according
+    * to the curvature of the survival function. If, for the same date, we
+    * estimate the model with stepm=1 month, we can keep estepm to 24 months
+    * to compare the new estimate of Life expectancy with the same linear
+    * hypothesis. A more precise result, taking into account a more precise
+    * curvature will be obtained if estepm is as small as stepm. */
+   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
+   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.
+      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim
+      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.
+      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
+      and note for a fixed period like estepm months */
+   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
+      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
+      means that if the survival funtion is printed only each two years of age and if
+      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same
+      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
+   */
+   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */
    agelim=AGESUP;
    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
      /* nhstepm age range expressed in number of stepm */
-     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);
+     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm);
-     /* Typically if 20 years = 20*12/6=40 stepm */
+     /* Typically if 20 years nstepm = 20*12/6=40 stepm */
-     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
+     /* if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;*/
-     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically 40/4=10 */
+     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+     gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+     gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+     gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
      /* Computed by stepm unit matrices, product of hstepm matrices, stored
         in an array of nhstepm length: nhstepm=10, hstepm=4, stepm=6 months */
-     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm);
+     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm, savm, ij);
+     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
+     /* Computing  Variances of health expectancies */
+      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
+       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){
+         xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
+       }
+       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
+       cptj=0;
+       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
+         for(i=1; i<=nlstate; i++){
+           cptj=cptj+1;
+           for(h=0, gp[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
+             gp[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
+         xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
+       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
+       cptj=0;
+       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
+         for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++){
+           cptj=cptj+1;
+           for(h=0, gm[h][cptj]=0.; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
+             gm[h][cptj] = (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.;
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       for(j=1; j<= nlstate*nlstate; j++)
+         for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
+           gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
+         }
+      }
+ /* End theta */
+      trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
+      for(h=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++)
+       for(j=1; j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
+         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
+           trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
+      for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
+       for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
+         varhe[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
+      printf("%d|",(int)age);fflush(stdout);
+      fprintf(ficlog,"%d|",(int)age);fflush(ficlog);
+      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm-1;h++){
+       for(k=0;k<=nhstepm-1;k++){
+         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
+         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate,gradg[k]);
+         for(i=1;i<=nlstate*nlstate;i++)
+           for(j=1;j<=nlstate*nlstate;j++)
+             varhe[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
+       }
+     }
+     /* Computing expectancies */
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
-         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+         for (h=0, eij[i][j][(int)age]=0; h<=nhstepm-1; h++){
-           eij[i][j][(int)age] +=p3mat[i][j][h];
+           eij[i][j][(int)age] += (p3mat[i][j][h]+p3mat[i][j][h+1])/2.0*hf;
+ /* if((int)age==70)printf("i=%2d,j=%2d,h=%2d,age=%3d,%9.4f,%9.4f,%9.4f\n",i,j,h,(int)age,p3mat[i][j][h],hf,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
          }
-     hf=1;
+     fprintf(ficreseij,"%3.0f",age );
-     if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;
+     cptj=0;
-     fprintf(ficreseij,"%.0f",age );
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
-         fprintf(ficreseij," %.4f", hf*eij[i][j][(int)age]);
+         cptj++;
+         fprintf(ficreseij," %9.4f (%.4f)", eij[i][j][(int)age], sqrt(varhe[cptj][cptj][(int)age]) );
        }
      fprintf(ficreseij,"\n");
+     free_matrix(gm,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+     free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+     free_ma3x(gradg,0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+     free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
    }
-   fclose(ficreseij);
+   printf("\n");
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+   free_vector(xp,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate);
+   free_ma3x(varhe,1,nlstate*nlstate,1,nlstate*nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
  }
  /************ Variance ******************/
- void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl)
+ void varevsij(char optionfilefiname[], double ***vareij, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, int estepm, int cptcov, int cptcod, int popbased, int mobilav, char strstart[])
  {
    /* Variance of health expectancies */
    /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
-   double **newm;
+   /* double **newm;*/
    double **dnewm,**doldm;
-   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h;
+   double **dnewmp,**doldmp;
-   int k;
+   int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm, h, nstepm ;
-   FILE  *ficresvij;
+   int k, cptcode;
-   char fileresv[FILENAMELENGTH];
    double *xp;
-   double **gp, **gm;
+   double **gp, **gm;  /* for var eij */
-   double ***gradg, ***trgradg;
+   double ***gradg, ***trgradg; /*for var eij */
+   double **gradgp, **trgradgp; /* for var p point j */
+   double *gpp, *gmp; /* for var p point j */
+   double **varppt; /* for var p point j nlstate to nlstate+ndeath */
    double ***p3mat;
-   double age,agelim;
+   double age,agelim, hf;
+   double ***mobaverage;
    int theta;
+   char digit[4];
+   char digitp[25];
-   strcpy(fileresv,"v");
+   char fileresprobmorprev[FILENAMELENGTH];
-   strcat(fileresv,fileres);
-   if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
-   }
-   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
+   if(popbased==1){
+     if(mobilav!=0)
+       strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-mobilav-");
+     else strcpy(digitp,"-populbased-nomobil-");
+   }
+   else
+     strcpy(digitp,"-stablbased-");
+   if (mobilav!=0) {
+     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+     if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
+       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+     }
+   }
-   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Covariances of life expectancies\n");
+   strcpy(fileresprobmorprev,"prmorprev");
+   sprintf(digit,"%-d",ij);
+   /*printf("DIGIT=%s, ij=%d ijr=%-d|\n",digit, ij,ij);*/
+   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digit); /* Tvar to be done */
+   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,digitp); /* Popbased or not, mobilav or not */
+   strcat(fileresprobmorprev,fileres);
+   if((ficresprobmorprev=fopen(fileresprobmorprev,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobmorprev);
+   }
+   printf("Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing total mortality p.j=w1*p1j+w2*p2j+..: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobmorprev);
+   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# probabilities of dying before estepm=%d months for people of exact age and weighted probabilities w1*p1j+w2*p2j+... stand dev in()\n",estepm);
+   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"# Age cov=%-d",ij);
+   for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," p.%-d SE",j);
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," w%1d p%-d%-d",i,i,j);
+   }
+   fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varevsij");
+  fprintf(fichtm, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing probabilities of dying over estepm months as a weighted average (i.e global mortality independent of initial healh state)</h4></li>\n");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>%s  <br>\n",digitp);
+ /*   } */
+   varppt = matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+  fprintf(ficresvij, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(ficresvij,"# Variance and covariance of health expectancies e.j \n#  (weighted average of eij where weights are the stable prevalence in health states i\n");
    fprintf(ficresvij,"# Age");
    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
      for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
- Line 1317  void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***
+ Line 2572  void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***
    xp=vector(1,npar);
    dnewm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,npar);
    doldm=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
+   dnewmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
-   hstepm=1*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
+   doldmp= matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if j= 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
+   gradgp=matrix(1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   gpp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   gmp=vector(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   trgradgp =matrix(nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
+   if(estepm < stepm){
+     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
+   }
+   else  hstepm=estepm;
+   /* For example we decided to compute the life expectancy with the smallest unit */
+   /* hstepm beeing the number of stepms, if hstepm=1 the length of hstepm is stepm.
+      nhstepm is the number of hstepm from age to agelim
+      nstepm is the number of stepm from age to agelin.
+      Look at hpijx to understand the reason of that which relies in memory size
+      and note for a fixed period like k years */
+   /* We decided (b) to get a life expectancy respecting the most precise curvature of the
+      survival function given by stepm (the optimization length). Unfortunately it
+      means that if the survival funtion is printed every two years of age and if
+      you sum them up and add 1 year (area under the trapezoids) you won't get the same
+      results. So we changed our mind and took the option of the best precision.
+   */
+   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically in stepm units, if stepm=6 & estepm=24 , = 24/6 months = 4 */
    agelim = AGESUP;
    for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){ /* If stepm=6 months */
-     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
+     nstepm=(int) rint((agelim-age)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
-     if (stepm >= YEARM) hstepm=1;
+     nhstepm = nstepm/hstepm;/* Expressed in hstepm, typically nhstepm=40/4=10 */
-     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
      p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
      gradg=ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,npar,1,nlstate);
      gp=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
      gm=matrix(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
      for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
-       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
+       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient x + delta*/
          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
        }
-       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm);
+       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
-       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl);
+       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
+       if (popbased==1) {
+         if(mobilav ==0){
+           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
+         }else{ /* mobilav */
+           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
+         }
+       }
        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
            for(i=1, gp[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
              gp[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
          }
        }
+       /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
-       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
+          computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
+          as a weighted average of prlim.
+       */
+       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+         for(i=1,gpp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
+           gpp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
+       }
+       /* end probability of death */
+       for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient x - delta */
          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
-       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm);
+       hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,xp,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
-       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl);
+       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
+       if (popbased==1) {
+         if(mobilav ==0){
+           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+             prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
+         }else{ /* mobilav */
+           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+             prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
+         }
+       }
        for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++){
          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
            for(i=1, gm[h][j]=0.;i<=nlstate;i++)
              gm[h][j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][h];
          }
        }
-       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++)
+       /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
+          computed over hstepm matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
+          as a weighted average of prlim.
+       */
+       for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+         for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.; i<= nlstate; i++)
+          gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
+       }
+       /* end probability of death */
+       for(j=1; j<= nlstate; j++) /* vareij */
          for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
            gradg[h][theta][j]= (gp[h][j]-gm[h][j])/2./delti[theta];
          }
+       for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ /* var mu */
+         gradgp[theta][j]= (gpp[j]-gmp[j])/2./delti[theta];
+       }
      } /* End theta */
-     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
+     trgradg =ma3x(0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar); /* veij */
-     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++)
+     for(h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++) /* veij */
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
          for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
            trgradg[h][j][theta]=gradg[h][theta][j];
+     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) /* mu */
+       for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
+         trgradgp[j][theta]=gradgp[theta][j];
+     hf=hstepm*stepm/YEARM;  /* Duration of hstepm expressed in year unit. */
      for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
          vareij[i][j][(int)age] =0.;
      for(h=0;h<=nhstepm;h++){
        for(k=0;k<=nhstepm;k++){
          matprod2(dnewm,trgradg[h],1,nlstate,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
          matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar,1,nlstate,gradg[k]);
          for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
            for(j=1;j<=nlstate;j++)
-             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j];
+             vareij[i][j][(int)age] += doldm[i][j]*hf*hf;
+       }
+     }
+     /* pptj */
+     matprod2(dnewmp,trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
+     matprod2(doldmp,dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,gradgp);
+     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+       for(i=nlstate+1;i<=nlstate+ndeath;i++)
+         varppt[j][i]=doldmp[j][i];
+     /* end ppptj */
+     /*  x centered again */
+     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,age,hstepm,x,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, ij);
+     prevalim(prlim,nlstate,x,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
+     if (popbased==1) {
+       if(mobilav ==0){
+         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+           prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][ij];
+       }else{ /* mobilav */
+         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+           prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][ij];
        }
      }
-     h=1;
-     if (stepm >= YEARM) h=stepm/YEARM;
+     /* This for computing probability of death (h=1 means
+        computed over hstepm (estepm) matrices product = hstepm*stepm months)
+        as a weighted average of prlim.
+     */
+     for(j=nlstate+1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+       for(i=1,gmp[j]=0.;i<= nlstate; i++)
+         gmp[j] += prlim[i][i]*p3mat[i][j][1];
+     }
+     /* end probability of death */
+     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"%3d %d ",(int) age, ij);
+     for(j=nlstate+1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+       fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e",gmp[j], sqrt(varppt[j][j]));
+       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+         fprintf(ficresprobmorprev," %11.3e %11.3e ",prlim[i][i],p3mat[i][j][1]);
+       }
+     }
+     fprintf(ficresprobmorprev,"\n");
      fprintf(ficresvij,"%.0f ",age );
      for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
-         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", h*vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
+         fprintf(ficresvij," %.4f", vareij[i][j][(int)age]);
        }
      fprintf(ficresvij,"\n");
      free_matrix(gp,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate);
- Line 1392  void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***
+ Line 2761  void varevsij(char fileres[], double ***
      free_ma3x(trgradg,0,nhstepm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
      free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
    } /* End age */
-   fclose(ficresvij);
+   free_vector(gpp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_vector(xp,1,npar);
+   free_vector(gmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(gradgp,1,npar,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
+   free_matrix(trgradgp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar); /* mu or p point j*/
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;set nolabel; set ter png small;set size 0.65, 0.65");
+   /* for(j=nlstate+1; j<= nlstate+ndeath; j++){ *//* Only the first actually */
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n set log y; set nolog x;set xlabel \"Age\"; set ylabel \"Force of mortality (year-1)\";");
+ /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3*%6.3f) not w l 1 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
+ /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)*%6.3f) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
+ /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)*%6.3f) not w l 2 ",fileresprobmorprev,YEARM/estepm); */
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n plot \"%s\"  u 1:($3) not w l 1 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3+1.96*$4)) t \"95\%% interval\" w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n replot \"%s\"  u 1:(($3-1.96*$4)) not w l 2 ",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> File (multiple files are possible if covariates are present): <A href=\"%s\">%s</a>\n",subdirf(fileresprobmorprev),subdirf(fileresprobmorprev));
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months. <br> <img src=\"%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", estepm,subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
+   /*  fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br> Probability is computed over estepm=%d months and then divided by estepm and multiplied by %.0f in order to have the probability to die over a year <br> <img src=\"varmuptjgr%s%s.png\"> <br>\n", stepm,YEARM,digitp,digit);
+ */
+ /*   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"varmuptjgr%s%s%s.png\";replot;",digitp,optionfilefiname,digit); */
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%s.png\";replot;\n",subdirf3(optionfilefiname,"varmuptjgr",digitp),digit);
- }
+   free_vector(xp,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
+   free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(doldmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   free_matrix(dnewmp,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,1,npar);
+   free_matrix(varppt,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath,nlstate+1,nlstate+ndeath);
+   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+   fclose(ficresprobmorprev);
+   fflush(ficgp);
+   fflush(fichtm);
+ }  /* end varevsij */
  /************ Variance of prevlim ******************/
- void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl)
+ void varprevlim(char fileres[], double **varpl, double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, int stepm, double bage, double fage, double **oldm, double **savm, double **prlim, double ftolpl, int ij, char strstart[])
  {
-   /* Variance of health expectancies */
+   /* Variance of prevalence limit */
-   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double ** savm,double ftolpl);*/
+   /*  double **prevalim(double **prlim, int nlstate, double *xp, double age, double **oldm, double **savm,double ftolpl);*/
    double **newm;
    double **dnewm,**doldm;
    int i, j, nhstepm, hstepm;
-   int k;
+   int k, cptcode;
-   FILE  *ficresvpl;
-   char fileresvpl[FILENAMELENGTH];
    double *xp;
    double *gp, *gm;
    double **gradg, **trgradg;
    double age,agelim;
    int theta;
+   fprintf(ficresvpl, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
-   strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
+   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of stable prevalences \n");
-   strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
-   if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with variance prev lim resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
-     exit(0);
-   }
-   printf("Computing Variance-covariance of Prevalence limit: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
-   fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Standard deviation of prevalences limit\n");
    fprintf(ficresvpl,"# Age");
    for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
        fprintf(ficresvpl," %1d-%1d",i,i);
- Line 1450  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double *
+ Line 2833  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double *
        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++){ /* Computes gradient */
          xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
        }
-       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl);
+       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          gp[i] = prlim[i][i];
        for(i=1; i<=npar; i++) /* Computes gradient */
          xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:0);
-       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl);
+       prevalim(prlim,nlstate,xp,age,oldm,savm,ftolpl,ij);
        for(i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
          gm[i] = prlim[i][i];
- Line 1486  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double *
+ Line 2869  void varprevlim(char fileres[], double *
      free_matrix(gradg,1,npar,1,nlstate);
      free_matrix(trgradg,1,nlstate,1,npar);
    } /* End age */
-   fclose(ficresvpl);
    free_vector(xp,1,npar);
    free_matrix(doldm,1,nlstate,1,npar);
    free_matrix(dnewm,1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
  }
+ /************ Variance of one-step probabilities  ******************/
+ void varprob(char optionfilefiname[], double **matcov, double x[], double delti[], int nlstate, double bage, double fage, int ij, int *Tvar, int **nbcode, int *ncodemax, char strstart[])
+ {
+   int i, j=0,  i1, k1, l1, t, tj;
+   int k2, l2, j1,  z1;
+   int k=0,l, cptcode;
+   int first=1, first1;
+   double cv12, mu1, mu2, lc1, lc2, v12, v21, v11, v22,v1,v2, c12, tnalp;
+   double **dnewm,**doldm;
+   double *xp;
+   double *gp, *gm;
+   double **gradg, **trgradg;
+   double **mu;
+   double age,agelim, cov[NCOVMAX];
+   double std=2.0; /* Number of standard deviation wide of confidence ellipsoids */
+   int theta;
+   char fileresprob[FILENAMELENGTH];
+   char fileresprobcov[FILENAMELENGTH];
+   char fileresprobcor[FILENAMELENGTH];
+   double ***varpij;
+   strcpy(fileresprob,"prob");
+   strcat(fileresprob,fileres);
+   if((ficresprob=fopen(fileresprob,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprob);
+   }
+   strcpy(fileresprobcov,"probcov");
+   strcat(fileresprobcov,fileres);
+   if((ficresprobcov=fopen(fileresprobcov,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcov);
+   }
+   strcpy(fileresprobcor,"probcor");
+   strcat(fileresprobcor,fileres);
+   if((ficresprobcor=fopen(fileresprobcor,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileresprobcor);
+   }
+   printf("Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing standard deviation of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprob);
+   printf("Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing matrix of variance covariance of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcov);
+   printf("and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"and correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: result on file '%s' \n",fileresprobcor);
+   fprintf(ficresprob, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(ficresprob,"#One-step probabilities and stand. devi in ()\n");
+   fprintf(ficresprob,"# Age");
+   fprintf(ficresprobcov, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"#One-step probabilities and covariance matrix\n");
+   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
+   fprintf(ficresprobcor, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"#One-step probabilities and correlation matrix\n");
+   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"# Age");
- /***********************************************/
+   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
- /**************** Main Program *****************/
+     for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
- /***********************************************/
+       fprintf(ficresprob," p%1d-%1d (SE)",i,j);
+       fprintf(ficresprobcov," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
+       fprintf(ficresprobcor," p%1d-%1d ",i,j);
+     }
+  /* fprintf(ficresprob,"\n");
+   fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n");
+   fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n");
+  */
+  xp=vector(1,npar);
+   dnewm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+   doldm=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+   mu=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath), (int) bage, (int)fage);
+   varpij=ma3x(1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),1,nlstate*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int) fage);
+   first=1;
+   fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Routine varprob");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> Computing and drawing one step probabilities with their confidence intervals</h4></li>\n");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n<li><h4> <a href=\"%s\">Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities (drawings)</a></h4></li>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
+   fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<h4>Matrix of variance-covariance of pairs of step probabilities</h4>\n\
+   file %s<br>\n",optionfilehtmcov);
+   fprintf(fichtmcov,"\nEllipsoids of confidence centered on point (p<inf>ij</inf>, p<inf>kl</inf>) are estimated\
+ and drawn. It helps understanding how is the covariance between two incidences.\
+  They are expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> in order to be less dependent of stepm.<br>\n");
+   fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Contour plot corresponding to x'cov<sup>-1</sup>x = 4 (where x is the column vector (pij,pkl)) are drawn. \
+ It can be understood this way: if pij and pkl where uncorrelated the (2x2) matrix of covariance \
+ would have been (1/(var pij), 0 , 0, 1/(var pkl)), and the confidence interval would be 2 \
+ standard deviations wide on each axis. <br>\
+  Now, if both incidences are correlated (usual case) we diagonalised the inverse of the covariance matrix\
+  and made the appropriate rotation to look at the uncorrelated principal directions.<br>\
+ To be simple, these graphs help to understand the significativity of each parameter in relation to a second other one.<br> \n");
+   cov[1]=1;
+   tj=cptcoveff;
+   if (cptcovn<1) {tj=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
+   j1=0;
+   for(t=1; t<=tj;t++){
+     for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[t];i1++){
+       j1++;
+       if  (cptcovn>0) {
+         fprintf(ficresprob, "\n#********** Variable ");
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprob, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
+         fprintf(ficresprob, "**********\n#\n");
+         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "\n#********** Variable ");
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcov, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
+         fprintf(ficresprobcov, "**********\n#\n");
+         fprintf(ficgp, "\n#********** Variable ");
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficgp, " V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
+         fprintf(ficgp, "**********\n#\n");
+         fprintf(fichtmcov, "\n<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">********** Variable ");
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(fichtm, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
+         fprintf(fichtmcov, "**********\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
+         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "\n#********** Variable ");
+         for (z1=1; z1<=cptcoveff; z1++) fprintf(ficresprobcor, "V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[z1],nbcode[Tvaraff[z1]][codtab[j1][z1]]);
+         fprintf(ficresprobcor, "**********\n#");
+       }
+       for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){
+         cov[2]=age;
+         for (k=1; k<=cptcovn;k++) {
+           cov[2+k]=nbcode[Tvar[k]][codtab[j1][Tvar[k]]];
+         }
+         for (k=1; k<=cptcovage;k++) cov[2+Tage[k]]=cov[2+Tage[k]]*cov[2];
+         for (k=1; k<=cptcovprod;k++)
+           cov[2+Tprod[k]]=nbcode[Tvard[k][1]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][1]]]*nbcode[Tvard[k][2]][codtab[ij][Tvard[k][2]]];
+         gradg=matrix(1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+         trgradg=matrix(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+         gp=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+         gm=vector(1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+         for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++){
+           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
+             xp[i] = x[i] + (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
+           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
+           k=0;
+           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate); i++){
+             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+               k=k+1;
+               gp[k]=pmmij[i][j];
+             }
+           }
+           for(i=1; i<=npar; i++)
+             xp[i] = x[i] - (i==theta ?delti[theta]:(double)0);
+           pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,xp,nlstate);
+           k=0;
+           for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
+             for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+               k=k+1;
+               gm[k]=pmmij[i][j];
+             }
+           }
+           for(i=1; i<= (nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath); i++)
+             gradg[theta][i]=(gp[i]-gm[i])/(double)2./delti[theta];
+         }
- /*int main(int argc, char *argv[])*/
+         for(j=1; j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
- int main()
+           for(theta=1; theta <=npar; theta++)
- {
+             trgradg[j][theta]=gradg[theta][j];
+         matprod2(dnewm,trgradg,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,npar,matcov);
+         matprod2(doldm,dnewm,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar,1,(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath),gradg);
+         free_vector(gp,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+         free_vector(gm,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath));
+         free_matrix(trgradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+         free_matrix(gradg,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),1,npar);
+         pmij(pmmij,cov,ncovmodel,x,nlstate);
+         k=0;
+         for(i=1; i<=(nlstate); i++){
+           for(j=1; j<=(nlstate+ndeath);j++){
+             k=k+1;
+             mu[k][(int) age]=pmmij[i][j];
+           }
+         }
+         for(i=1;i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
+           for(j=1;j<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);j++)
+             varpij[i][j][(int)age] = doldm[i][j];
+         /*printf("\n%d ",(int)age);
+           for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
+           printf("%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
+           fprintf(ficlog,"%e [%e ;%e] ",gm[i],gm[i]-2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]),gm[i]+2*sqrt(doldm[i][i]));
+           }*/
+         fprintf(ficresprob,"\n%d ",(int)age);
+         fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d ",(int)age);
+         fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d ",(int)age);
+         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++)
+           fprintf(ficresprob,"%11.3e (%11.3e) ",mu[i][(int) age],sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int)age]));
+         for (i=1; i<=(nlstate)*(nlstate+ndeath);i++){
+           fprintf(ficresprobcov,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
+           fprintf(ficresprobcor,"%11.3e ",mu[i][(int) age]);
+         }
+         i=0;
+         for (k=1; k<=(nlstate);k++){
+           for (l=1; l<=(nlstate+ndeath);l++){
+             i=i++;
+             fprintf(ficresprobcov,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
+             fprintf(ficresprobcor,"\n%d %d-%d",(int)age,k,l);
+             for (j=1; j<=i;j++){
+               fprintf(ficresprobcov," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int)age]);
+               fprintf(ficresprobcor," %11.3e",varpij[i][j][(int) age]/sqrt(varpij[i][i][(int) age])/sqrt(varpij[j][j][(int)age]));
+             }
+           }
+         }/* end of loop for state */
+       } /* end of loop for age */
-   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size;
+       /* Confidence intervalle of pij  */
-   double agedeb, agefin,hf;
+       /*
-   double agemin=1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset noparametric;unset label");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;unset log x; set xlabel \"Age\";set ylabel \"probability (year-1)\"");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
+         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>Probability with  confidence intervals expressed in year<sup>-1</sup> :<a href=\"pijgr%s.png\">pijgr%s.png</A>, ",optionfilefiname,optionfilefiname);
+         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br><img src=\"pijgr%s.png\"> ",optionfilefiname);
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"pijgr%s.png\"",optionfilefiname);
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",k1,k2,xfilevarprob);
+       */
+       /* Drawing ellipsoids of confidence of two variables p(k1-l1,k2-l2)*/
+       first1=1;
+       for (k2=1; k2<=(nlstate);k2++){
+         for (l2=1; l2<=(nlstate+ndeath);l2++){
+           if(l2==k2) continue;
+           j=(k2-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l2;
+           for (k1=1; k1<=(nlstate);k1++){
+             for (l1=1; l1<=(nlstate+ndeath);l1++){
+               if(l1==k1) continue;
+               i=(k1-1)*(nlstate+ndeath)+l1;
+               if(i<=j) continue;
+               for (age=bage; age<=fage; age ++){
+                 if ((int)age %5==0){
+                   v1=varpij[i][i][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
+                   v2=varpij[j][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
+                   cv12=varpij[i][j][(int)age]/stepm*YEARM/stepm*YEARM;
+                   mu1=mu[i][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM ;
+                   mu2=mu[j][(int) age]/stepm*YEARM;
+                   c12=cv12/sqrt(v1*v2);
+                   /* Computing eigen value of matrix of covariance */
+                   lc1=((v1+v2)+sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
+                   lc2=((v1+v2)-sqrt((v1+v2)*(v1+v2) - 4*(v1*v2-cv12*cv12)))/2.;
+                   /* Eigen vectors */
+                   v11=(1./sqrt(1+(v1-lc1)*(v1-lc1)/cv12/cv12));
+                   /*v21=sqrt(1.-v11*v11); *//* error */
+                   v21=(lc1-v1)/cv12*v11;
+                   v12=-v21;
+                   v22=v11;
+                   tnalp=v21/v11;
+                   if(first1==1){
+                     first1=0;
+                     printf("%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tang %.3f\nOthers in log...\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
+                   }
+                   fprintf(ficlog,"%d %d%d-%d%d mu %.4e %.4e Var %.4e %.4e cor %.3f cov %.4e Eig %.3e %.3e 1stv %.3f %.3f tan %.3f\n",(int) age,k1,l1,k2,l2,mu1,mu2,v1,v2,c12,cv12,lc1,lc2,v11,v21,tnalp);
+                   /*printf(fignu*/
+                   /* mu1+ v11*lc1*cost + v12*lc2*sin(t) */
+                   /* mu2+ v21*lc1*cost + v22*lc2*sin(t) */
+                   if(first==1){
+                     first=0;
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset parametric;unset label");
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset log y;set log x; set xlabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\";set ylabel \"p%1d%1d (year-1)\"",k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65");
+                     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br>Ellipsoids of confidence cov(p%1d%1d,p%1d%1d) expressed in year<sup>-1</sup>\
+  :<a href=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\">\
+ %s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png</A>, ",k1,l1,k2,l2,\
+                             subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2,\
+                             subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br><img src=\"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"> ",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                     fprintf(fichtmcov,"\n<br> Correlation at age %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\"",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nplot [-pi:pi] %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
+                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
+                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
+                   }else{
+                     first=0;
+                     fprintf(fichtmcov," %d (%.3f),",(int) age, c12);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# Age %d, p%1d%1d - p%1d%1d",(int) age, k1,l1,k2,l2);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset label \"%d\" at %11.3e,%11.3e center",(int) age, mu1,mu2);
+                     fprintf(ficgp,"\nreplot %11.3e+ %.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)), %11.3e +%.3f*(%11.3e*%11.3e*cos(t)+%11.3e*%11.3e*sin(t)) not",\
+                             mu1,std,v11,sqrt(lc1),v12,sqrt(lc2),\
+                             mu2,std,v21,sqrt(lc1),v22,sqrt(lc2));
+                   }/* if first */
+                 } /* age mod 5 */
+               } /* end loop age */
+               fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%1d%1d-%1d%1d.png\";replot;",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"varpijgr"), j1,k1,l1,k2,l2);
+               first=1;
+             } /*l12 */
+           } /* k12 */
+         } /*l1 */
+       }/* k1 */
+     } /* loop covariates */
+   }
+   free_ma3x(varpij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+   free_matrix(mu,1,(nlstate+ndeath)*(nlstate+ndeath),(int) bage, (int)fage);
+   free_vector(xp,1,npar);
+   fclose(ficresprob);
+   fclose(ficresprobcov);
+   fclose(ficresprobcor);
+   fflush(ficgp);
+   fflush(fichtmcov);
+ }
-   double fret;
-   double **xi,tmp,delta;
-   double dum; /* Dummy variable */
+ /******************* Printing html file ***********/
-   double ***p3mat;
+ void printinghtml(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
-   int *indx;
+                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
-   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
+                   int imx,int jmin, int jmax, double jmeanint,char rfileres[],\
-   char title[MAXLINE];
+                   int popforecast, int estepm ,\
-   char optionfile[FILENAMELENGTH], datafile[FILENAMELENGTH],  filerespl[FILENAMELENGTH];
+                   double jprev1, double mprev1,double anprev1, \
-   char fileres[FILENAMELENGTH], filerespij[FILENAMELENGTH], filereso[FILENAMELENGTH];
+                   double jprev2, double mprev2,double anprev2){
-   char filerest[FILENAMELENGTH];
+   int jj1, k1, i1, cpt;
-   char fileregp[FILENAMELENGTH];
-   char path[80],pathc[80],pathcd[80],pathtot[80];
+    fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files (first order: no variance)</h4>\n \
-   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
+  - Observed prevalence in each state (during the period defined between %.lf/%.lf/%.lf and %.lf/%.lf/%.lf): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n ",
-   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
+            jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,subdirf2(fileres,"p"),subdirf2(fileres,"p"));
-   int c,  h , cpt,l;
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
-   int ju,jl, mi;
+  - Estimated transition probabilities over %d (stepm) months: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n ",
-   int i1,j1, k1,jk,aa,bb, stepsize;
+            stepm,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),subdirf2(fileres,"pij"));
-   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,**adl,*tab;
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Stable prevalence in each health state: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
-   int hstepm, nhstepm;
+            subdirf2(fileres,"pl"),subdirf2(fileres,"pl"));
-   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
+    fprintf(fichtm,"\
-   double ftolpl=FTOL;
+  - Life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%2d months): \
-   double **prlim;
+    <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n</li>",
-   double *severity;
+            estepm,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),subdirf2(fileres,"e"));
-   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
-   double  *p;
+ fprintf(fichtm," \n<ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
-   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
-   double ***delti3; /* Scale */
+  m=cptcoveff;
-   double *delti; /* Scale */
+  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
-   double ***eij, ***vareij;
-   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
+  jj1=0;
-   double *epj, vepp;
+  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
-   char version[80]="Imach version 0.64, May 2000, INED-EUROREVES ";
+    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
-   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
+      jj1++;
-   char z[1]="c";
+      if (cptcovn > 0) {
- #include <sys/time.h>
+        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
- #include <time.h>
+        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)
+          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
+        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
+      }
+      /* Pij */
+      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i, %d (stepm) months before: %s%d1.png<br> \
+ <img src=\"%s%d1.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);
+      /* Quasi-incidences */
+      fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Pij or Conditional probabilities to be observed in state j being in state i %d (stepm) months\
+  before but expressed in per year i.e. quasi incidences if stepm is small and probabilities too: %s%d2.png<br> \
+ <img src=\"%s%d2.png\">",stepm,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jj1);
+        /* Stable prevalence in each health state */
+        for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++){
+          fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Stable prevalence in each health state : p%s%d%d.png<br> \
+ <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,jj1);
+        }
+      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
+         fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br> \
+ <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,jj1);
+      }
+    } /* end i1 */
+  }/* End k1 */
+  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+ \n<br><li><h4> Result files (second order: variances)</h4>\n\
+  - Parameter file with estimated parameters and covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n", rfileres,rfileres);
+  fprintf(fichtm," - Variance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
+          subdirf2(fileres,"prob"),subdirf2(fileres,"prob"));
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Variance-covariance of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
+          subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcov"));
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Correlation matrix of one-step probabilities: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
+          subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"),subdirf2(fileres,"probcor"));
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Variances and covariances of life expectancies by age and initial health status (estepm=%d months): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n",
+          estepm, subdirf2(fileres,"v"),subdirf2(fileres,"v"));
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Health expectancies with their variances (no covariance): <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",
+          subdirf2(fileres,"t"),subdirf2(fileres,"t"));
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\
+  - Standard deviation of stable prevalences: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>\n",\
+          subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"));
+ /*  if(popforecast==1) fprintf(fichtm,"\n */
+ /*  - Prevalences forecasting: <a href=\"f%s\">f%s</a> <br>\n */
+ /*  - Population forecasting (if popforecast=1): <a href=\"pop%s\">pop%s</a> <br>\n */
+ /*      <br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres); */
+ /*  else  */
+ /*    fprintf(fichtm,"\n No population forecast: popforecast = %d (instead of 1) or stepm = %d (instead of 1) or model=%s (instead of .)<br><br></li>\n",popforecast, stepm, model); */
+  fflush(fichtm);
+  fprintf(fichtm," <ul><li><b>Graphs</b></li><p>");
+  m=cptcoveff;
+  if (cptcovn < 1) {m=1;ncodemax[1]=1;}
+  jj1=0;
+  for(k1=1; k1<=m;k1++){
+    for(i1=1; i1<=ncodemax[k1];i1++){
+      jj1++;
+      if (cptcovn > 0) {
+        fprintf(fichtm,"<hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">************ Results for covariates");
+        for (cpt=1; cpt<=cptcoveff;cpt++)
+          fprintf(fichtm," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[cpt],nbcode[Tvaraff[cpt]][codtab[jj1][cpt]]);
+        fprintf(fichtm," ************\n<hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">");
+      }
+      for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++) {
+        fprintf(fichtm,"<br>- Observed (cross-sectional) and period (incidence based) \
+ prevalence (with 95%% confidence interval) in state (%d): %s%d%d.png <br>\
+ <img src=\"%s%d%d.png\">",cpt,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,jj1);
+      }
+      fprintf(fichtm,"\n<br>- Total life expectancy by age and \
+ health expectancies in states (1) and (2): %s%d.png<br>\
+ <img src=\"%s%d.png\">",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1,subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),jj1);
+    } /* end i1 */
+  }/* End k1 */
+  fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
+  fflush(fichtm);
+ }
-   /* long total_usecs;
+ /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
-   struct timeval start_time, end_time;
+ void printinggnuplot(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
-   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
+   char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
+   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
+   int ng;
+ /*   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"a"))==NULL) { */
+ /*     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
+ /*     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot); */
+ /*   } */
-   printf("\nIMACH, Version 0.64");
+   /*#ifdef windows */
-   printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
- #define windows 1
+     /*#endif */
- #ifdef windows
+   m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
-   scanf("%s",pathtot);
-   getcwd(pathcd, size);
-   cut(path,optionfile,pathtot);
-   chdir(path);
-   replace(pathc,path);
- #endif
- #ifdef unix
-   scanf("%s",optionfile);
- #endif
- /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
+   strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
+   strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
+  /* 1eme*/
+   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
+    for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
+      fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"v"),cpt,k1);
+      fprintf(ficgp,"\n#set out \"v%s%d%d.png\" \n",optionfilefiname,cpt,k1);
+      fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \n\
+ set ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
+ set ter png small\n\
+ set size 0.65,0.65\n\
+ plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
+      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
+        else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
+      }
+      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stable prevalence\" w l 0,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
+      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
+        else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
+      }
+      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-1.96*$3) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"vpl"),k1-1,k1-1);
+      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) {
+        if (i==cpt) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
+        else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
+      }
+      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",subdirf2(fileres,"p"),k1-1,k1-1,2+4*(cpt-1));
+    }
+   }
+   /*2 eme*/
+   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
+     fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"e"),k1);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,fage);
+     for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
+       k=2*i;
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:2 \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
+       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
+         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
+         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
+       }
+       if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
+       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2-$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
+       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
+         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
+         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
+       }
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($2+$3*2) \"\%%lf",subdirf2(fileres,"t"),k1-1,k1-1);
+       for (j=1; j<= nlstate+1 ; j ++) {
+         if (j==i) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
+         else fprintf(ficgp," \%%*lf (\%%*lf)");
+       }
+       if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
+       else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
+     }
+   }
+   /*3eme*/
+   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
+     for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
+       k=2+nlstate*(2*cpt-2);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"exp"),cpt,k1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"set ter png small\n\
+ set size 0.65,0.65\n\
+ plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",ageminpar,fage,subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k,cpt);
+       /*fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
+         for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
+         fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf ",fileres,k1-1,k1-1,k,k+1);
+         for (i=1; i<= nlstate*2 ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp,"\%%lf (\%%lf) ");
+         fprintf(ficgp,"\" t \"e%d1\" w l",cpt);
+       */
+       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
+         fprintf(ficgp," ,\"%s\" every :::%d::%d u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",subdirf2(fileres,"e"),k1-1,k1-1,k+2*i,cpt,i+1);
+       }
+     }
+   }
+   /* CV preval stable (period) */
+   for (k1=1; k1<= m ; k1 ++) {
+     for (cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate ; cpt ++) {
+       k=3;
+       fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"p"),cpt,k1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \n\
+ set ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\n\
+ unset log y\n\
+ plot [%.f:%.f] \"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",ageminpar,agemaxpar,subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,k+cpt+1,k+1);
+       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
+         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i+1);
+       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
+       l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
+       fprintf(ficgp,",\"%s\" u ($1==%d ? ($3):1/0):($%d/($%d",subdirf2(fileres,"pij"),k1,l+cpt+1,l+1);
+       for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
+         l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
+         fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i+1);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);
+     }
+   }
+   /* proba elementaires */
+   for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+     for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
+       if (k != i) {
+         for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
+           fprintf(ficgp,"p%d=%f ",jk,p[jk]);
+           jk++;
+           fprintf(ficgp,"\n");
+         }
+       }
+     }
+    }
-   strcpy(fileres,"r");
+    for(ng=1; ng<=2;ng++){ /* Number of graphics: first is probabilities second is incidence per year*/
-   strcat(fileres, optionfile);
+      for(jk=1; jk <=m; jk++) {
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"%s%d%d.png\" \n",subdirf2(optionfilefiname,"pe"),jk,ng);
+        if (ng==2)
+          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ylabel \"Quasi-incidence per year\"\n");
+        else
+          fprintf(ficgp,"\nset title \"Probability\"\n");
+        fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter png small\nset size 0.65,0.65\nset log y\nplot  [%.f:%.f] ",ageminpar,agemaxpar);
+        i=1;
+        for(k2=1; k2<=nlstate; k2++) {
+          k3=i;
+          for(k=1; k<=(nlstate+ndeath); k++) {
+            if (k != k2){
+              if(ng==2)
+                fprintf(ficgp," %f*exp(p%d+p%d*x",YEARM/stepm,i,i+1);
+              else
+                fprintf(ficgp," exp(p%d+p%d*x",i,i+1);
+              ij=1;
+              for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++) {
+                if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
+                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
+                  ij++;
+                }
+                else
+                  fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",i+j-1,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
+              }
+              fprintf(ficgp,")/(1");
+              for(k1=1; k1 <=nlstate; k1++){
+                fprintf(ficgp,"+exp(p%d+p%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel,k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1);
+                ij=1;
+                for(j=3; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
+                  if(((j-2)==Tage[ij]) &&(ij <=cptcovage)) {
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d*x",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][Tvar[j-2]]]);
+                    ij++;
+                  }
+                  else
+                    fprintf(ficgp,"+p%d*%d",k3+(k1-1)*ncovmodel+1+j-2,nbcode[Tvar[j-2]][codtab[jk][j-2]]);
+                }
+                fprintf(ficgp,")");
+              }
+              fprintf(ficgp,") t \"p%d%d\" ", k2,k);
+              if ((k+k2)!= (nlstate*2+ndeath)) fprintf(ficgp,",");
+              i=i+ncovmodel;
+            }
+          } /* end k */
+        } /* end k2 */
+      } /* end jk */
+    } /* end ng */
+    fflush(ficgp);
+ }  /* end gnuplot */
+ /*************** Moving average **************/
+ int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav){
+   int i, cpt, cptcod;
+   int modcovmax =1;
+   int mobilavrange, mob;
+   double age;
+   modcovmax=2*cptcoveff;/* Max number of modalities. We suppose
+                            a covariate has 2 modalities */
+   if (cptcovn<1) modcovmax=1; /* At least 1 pass */
+   if(mobilav==1||mobilav ==3 ||mobilav==5 ||mobilav== 7){
+     if(mobilav==1) mobilavrange=5; /* default */
+     else mobilavrange=mobilav;
+     for (age=bage; age<=fage; age++)
+       for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+         for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++)
+           mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+     /* We keep the original values on the extreme ages bage, fage and for
+        fage+1 and bage-1 we use a 3 terms moving average; for fage+2 bage+2
+        we use a 5 terms etc. until the borders are no more concerned.
+     */
+     for (mob=3;mob <=mobilavrange;mob=mob+2){
+       for (age=bage+(mob-1)/2; age<=fage-(mob-1)/2; age++){
+         for (i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+           for (cptcod=1;cptcod<=modcovmax;cptcod++){
+             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] =probs[(int)age][i][cptcod];
+               for (cpt=1;cpt<=(mob-1)/2;cpt++){
+                 mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age-cpt][i][cptcod];
+                 mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod] +=probs[(int)age+cpt][i][cptcod];
+               }
+             mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][cptcod]/mob;
+           }
+         }
+       }/* end age */
+     }/* end mob */
+   }else return -1;
+   return 0;
+ }/* End movingaverage */
-   /*---------arguments file --------*/
-   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
+ /************** Forecasting ******************/
-     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
+ prevforecast(char fileres[], double anproj1, double mproj1, double jproj1, double ageminpar, double agemax, double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double bage, double fage, int firstpass, int lastpass, double anproj2, double p[], int cptcoveff){
-     goto end;
+   /* proj1, year, month, day of starting projection
-   }
+      agemin, agemax range of age
+      dateprev1 dateprev2 range of dates during which prevalence is computed
+      anproj2 year of en of projection (same day and month as proj1).
+   */
+   int yearp, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j, k, c, cptcod, i, h, i1;
+   int *popage;
+   double agec; /* generic age */
+   double agelim, ppij, yp,yp1,yp2,jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean;
+   double *popeffectif,*popcount;
+   double ***p3mat;
+   double ***mobaverage;
+   char fileresf[FILENAMELENGTH];
-   strcpy(filereso,"o");
+   agelim=AGESUP;
-   strcat(filereso,fileres);
+   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
-   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);goto end;
+   strcpy(fileresf,"f");
+   strcat(fileresf,fileres);
+   if((ficresf=fopen(fileresf,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", fileresf);
+   }
+   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", fileresf);
+   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
+   if (mobilav!=0) {
+     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+     if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
+       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+     }
    }
- /*--------- index.htm --------*/
+   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
+   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
+   if(estepm < stepm){
+     printf ("Problem %d lower than %d\n",estepm, stepm);
+   }
+   else  hstepm=estepm;
+   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
+   yp1=modf(dateintmean,&yp);/* extracts integral of datemean in yp  and
+                                fractional in yp1 */
+   anprojmean=yp;
+   yp2=modf((yp1*12),&yp);
+   mprojmean=yp;
+   yp1=modf((yp2*30.5),&yp);
+   jprojmean=yp;
+   if(jprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
+   if(mprojmean==0) jprojmean=1;
+   i1=cptcoveff;
+   if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
+   fprintf(ficresf,"# Mean day of interviews %.lf/%.lf/%.lf (%.2f) between %.2f and %.2f \n",jprojmean,mprojmean,anprojmean,dateintmean,dateprev1,dateprev2);
+   fprintf(ficresf,"#****** Routine prevforecast **\n");
+ /*            if (h==(int)(YEARM*yearp)){ */
+   for(cptcov=1, k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
+     for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
+       k=k+1;
+       fprintf(ficresf,"\n#******");
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+         fprintf(ficresf," V%d=%d, hpijx=probability over h years, hp.jx is weighted by observed prev ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficresf,"******\n");
+       fprintf(ficresf,"# Covariate valuofcovar yearproj age");
+       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++){
+         for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+           fprintf(ficresf," p%d%d",i,j);
+         fprintf(ficresf," p.%d",j);
+       }
+       for (yearp=0; yearp<=(anproj2-anproj1);yearp +=stepsize) {
+         fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
+         fprintf(ficresf,"\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jproj1,mproj1,anproj1+yearp);
+         for (agec=fage; agec>=(ageminpar-1); agec--){
+           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agec)*YEARM/stepm);
+           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
+           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agec,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+             if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm ==yearp) {
+               fprintf(ficresf,"\n");
+               for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+                 fprintf(ficresf,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+               fprintf(ficresf,"%.f %.f ",anproj1+yearp,agec+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
+             }
+             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
+               ppij=0.;
+               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
+                 if (mobilav==1)
+                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agec][i][cptcod];
+                 else {
+                   ppij=ppij+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agec)][i][cptcod];
+                 }
+                 if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm== yearp) {
+                   fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
+                 }
+               } /* end i */
+               if (h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm==yearp) {
+                 fprintf(ficresf," %.3f", ppij);
+               }
+             }/* end j */
+           } /* end h */
+           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+         } /* end agec */
+       } /* end yearp */
+     } /* end cptcod */
+   } /* end  cptcov */
+   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-   if((fichtm=fopen("index.htm","w"))==NULL)    {
+   fclose(ficresf);
-     printf("Problem with index.htm \n");goto end;
+ }
-   }
-  fprintf(fichtm,"<body><ul><li>Outputs files<br><br>\n
+ /************** Forecasting *****not tested NB*************/
-         - Observed prevalence in each state: <a href=\"p%s\">p%s</a> <br>\n
+ populforecast(char fileres[], double anpyram,double mpyram,double jpyram,double ageminpar, double agemax,double dateprev1, double dateprev2, int mobilav, double agedeb, double fage, int popforecast, char popfile[], double anpyram1,double p[], int i2){
- - Estimated parameters and the covariance matrix: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a> <br>
-         - Stationary prevalence in each state: <a href=\"pl%s\">pl%s</a> <br>
+   int cpt, stepsize, hstepm, nhstepm, j,k,c, cptcod, i,h;
-         - Transition probabilities: <a href=\"pij%s\">pij%s</a><br>
+   int *popage;
-         - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>
+   double calagedatem, agelim, kk1, kk2;
-         - Life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"e%s\">e%s</a> <br>
+   double *popeffectif,*popcount;
-         - Variances of life expectancies by age and initial health status: <a href=\"v%s\">v%s</a><br>
+   double ***p3mat,***tabpop,***tabpopprev;
-         - Health expectancies with their variances: <a href=\"t%s\">t%s</a> <br>
+   double ***mobaverage;
-         - Standard deviation of stationary prevalences: <a href=\"vpl%s\">vpl%s</a> <br><br>",fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres,fileres);
+   char filerespop[FILENAMELENGTH];
-  fprintf(fichtm," <li>Graphs<br> <br>");
- for(cpt=1; cpt<nlstate;cpt++)
-    fprintf(fichtm,"- Prevalence of disability: p%s1.gif<br>
- <img src=\"p%s1.gif\"><br>",strtok(optionfile, "."),strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt);
-  for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++)
-      fprintf(fichtm,"- Observed and stationary  prevalence (with confident
- interval) in state (%d): v%s%d.gif <br>
- <img src=\"v%s%d.gif\"><br>",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt);
-  for(cpt=1; cpt<=nlstate;cpt++)
-      fprintf(fichtm,"- Health life expectancies by age and initial health state (%d): exp%s%d.gif <br>
- <img src=\"ex%s%d.gif\"><br>",cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt,strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt);
-  fprintf(fichtm,"- Total life expectancy by age and
-         health expectancies in states (1) and (2): e%s.gif<br>
-         <img src=\"e%s.gif\"></li> </ul></body>",strtok(optionfile, "."),strtok(optionfile, "."));
+   tabpop= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+   tabpopprev= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+   agelim=AGESUP;
+   calagedatem=(anpyram+mpyram/12.+jpyram/365.-dateintmean)*YEARM;
+   prevalence(probs, ageminpar, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
+   strcpy(filerespop,"pop");
+   strcat(filerespop,fileres);
+   if((ficrespop=fopen(filerespop,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with forecast resultfile: %s\n", filerespop);
+   }
+   printf("Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Computing forecasting: result on file '%s' \n", filerespop);
- fclose(fichtm);
+   if (cptcoveff==0) ncodemax[cptcoveff]=1;
-   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
+   if (mobilav!=0) {
-   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+     mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-     ungetc(c,ficpar);
+     if (movingaverage(probs, ageminpar, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
-     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-     puts(line);
+       printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
-     fputs(line,ficparo);
+     }
    }
-   ungetc(c,ficpar);
-   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncov, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt);
+   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
-   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt);
+   if (stepm<=12) stepsize=1;
-   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncov,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt);
-   nvar=ncov-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
+   agelim=AGESUP;
-   /* Read guess parameters */
+   hstepm=1;
-   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
+   hstepm=hstepm/stepm;
-   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
-     ungetc(c,ficpar);
-     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
-     puts(line);
-     fputs(line,ficparo);
-   }
-   ungetc(c,ficpar);
-   param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncov);
+   if (popforecast==1) {
-     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++)
+     if((ficpop=fopen(popfile,"r"))==NULL) {
-     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
+       printf("Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
-       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with population file : %s\n",popfile);exit(0);
-       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+     }
+     popage=ivector(0,AGESUP);
+     popeffectif=vector(0,AGESUP);
+     popcount=vector(0,AGESUP);
+     i=1;
+     while ((c=fscanf(ficpop,"%d %lf\n",&popage[i],&popcount[i])) != EOF) i=i+1;
+     imx=i;
+     for (i=1; i<imx;i++) popeffectif[popage[i]]=popcount[i];
+   }
+   for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i2;cptcov++){
+    for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcoveff];cptcod++){
+       k=k+1;
+       fprintf(ficrespop,"\n#******");
+       for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
+         fprintf(ficrespop," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+       }
+       fprintf(ficrespop,"******\n");
+       fprintf(ficrespop,"# Age");
+       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) fprintf(ficrespop," P.%d",j);
+       if (popforecast==1)  fprintf(ficrespop," [Population]");
+       for (cpt=0; cpt<=0;cpt++) {
+         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);
+         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){
+           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);
+           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
+           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+             if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
+               fprintf(ficrespop,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
+             }
+             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
+               kk1=0.;kk2=0;
+               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
+                 if (mobilav==1)
+                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*mobaverage[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
+                 else {
+                   kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*probs[(int)(agedeb+1)][i][cptcod];
+                 }
+               }
+               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)){
+                 tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod]=kk1;
+                   /*fprintf(ficrespop," %.3f", kk1);
+                     if (popforecast==1) fprintf(ficrespop," [%.f]", kk1*popeffectif[(int)agedeb+1]);*/
+               }
+             }
+             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++){
+               kk1=0.;
+                 for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++){
+                   kk1= kk1+tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][j][cptcod];
+                 }
+                   tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]=tabpop[(int)(agedeb)][i][cptcod]/kk1*popeffectif[(int)(agedeb+(calagedatem+12*cpt)*hstepm/YEARM*stepm-1)];
+             }
+             if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) for(j=1; j<=nlstate;j++)
+               fprintf(ficrespop," %15.2f",tabpopprev[(int)(agedeb+1)][j][cptcod]);
+           }
+           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+         }
+       }
+   /******/
+       for (cpt=1; cpt<=(anpyram1-anpyram);cpt++) {
+         fprintf(ficrespop,"\n\n# Forecasting at date %.lf/%.lf/%.lf ",jpyram,mpyram,anpyram+cpt);
+         for (agedeb=(fage-((int)calagedatem %12/12.)); agedeb>=(ageminpar-((int)calagedatem %12)/12.); agedeb--){
+           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm);
+           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm;
+           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+             if (h==(int) (calagedatem+YEARM*cpt)) {
+               fprintf(ficresf,"\n %3.f ",agedeb+h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm);
+             }
+             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++) {
+               kk1=0.;kk2=0;
+               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) {
+                 kk1=kk1+p3mat[i][j][h]*tabpopprev[(int)agedeb+1][i][cptcod];
+               }
+               if (h==(int)(calagedatem+12*cpt)) fprintf(ficresf," %15.2f", kk1);
+             }
+           }
+           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+         }
+       }
+    }
+   }
+   if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+   if (popforecast==1) {
+     free_ivector(popage,0,AGESUP);
+     free_vector(popeffectif,0,AGESUP);
+     free_vector(popcount,0,AGESUP);
+   }
+   free_ma3x(tabpop,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+   free_ma3x(tabpopprev,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+   fclose(ficrespop);
+ } /* End of popforecast */
+ int fileappend(FILE *fichier, char *optionfich)
+ {
+   if((fichier=fopen(optionfich,"a"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with file: %s\n", optionfich);
+     return (0);
+   }
+   fflush(fichier);
+   return (1);
+ }
+ /**************** function prwizard **********************/
+ void prwizard(int ncovmodel, int nlstate, int ndeath,  char model[], FILE *ficparo)
+ {
+   /* Wizard to print covariance matrix template */
+   char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
+   int i,j, k, l, li, lj, lk, ll, jj, npar, itimes;
+   int numlinepar;
+   printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
+   fprintf(ficparo,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
+   for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+     jj=0;
+     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
+       if(j==i) continue;
+       jj++;
+       /*ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';*/
        printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
-       for(k=1; k<=ncov;k++){
+       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
-         fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
+       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
-         printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+         /*        printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
-         fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+         /*        fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]); */
+         printf(" 0.");
+         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
        }
-       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
        printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
      }
-   npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncov;
-   p=param[1][1];
-   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
-   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
-     ungetc(c,ficpar);
-     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
-     puts(line);
-     fputs(line,ficparo);
    }
-   ungetc(c,ficpar);
+   printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
+   fprintf(ficparo,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
-   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncov);
+   npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
-   delti=vector(1,npar); /* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov) */
    for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
-     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
+     jj=0;
-       fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
+     for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
+       if(j==i) continue;
+       jj++;
+       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i,j);
        printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
-       fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+       fflush(stdout);
-       for(k=1; k<=ncov;k++){
+       for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
-         fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
+         /*      printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
-         printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+         /*      fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]); */
-         fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+         printf(" 0.");
+         fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
        }
-       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+       numlinepar++;
        printf("\n");
        fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
      }
    }
-   delti=delti3[1][1];
+   printf("# Covariance matrix\n");
+ /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
+ /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
+ /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
+ /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
+ /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
+ /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
+ /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
+ /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
+   fflush(stdout);
+   fprintf(ficparo,"# Covariance matrix\n");
+   /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
+   /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
+   /* #   ...\n\ */
+   /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
+   for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
+     jj=0;
+     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
+         if(j==i) continue;
+         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
+           jj++;
+           ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
+           if(itimes==1){
+             printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+             fprintf(ficparo,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+           }else{
+             printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+             fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+             /*  printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]); */
+           }
+           ll=0;
+           for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
+             for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
+               if(lj==li) continue;
+               for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
+                 ll++;
+                 if(ll<=jj){
+                   cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
+                   if(ll<jj){
+                     if(itimes==1){
+                       printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
+                       fprintf(ficparo," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
+                     }else{
+                       printf(" 0.");
+                       fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
+                     }
+                   }else{
+                     if(itimes==1){
+                       printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
+                       fprintf(ficparo," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
+                     }else{
+                       printf(" 0.");
+                       fprintf(ficparo," 0.");
+                     }
+                   }
+                 }
+               } /* end lk */
+             } /* end lj */
+           } /* end li */
+           printf("\n");
+           fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
+           numlinepar++;
+         } /* end k*/
+       } /*end j */
+     } /* end i */
+   } /* end itimes */
+ } /* end of prwizard */
+ /******************* Gompertz Likelihood ******************************/
+ double gompertz(double x[])
+ {
+   double A,B,L=0.0,sump=0.,num=0.;
+   int i,n=0; /* n is the size of the sample */
+   for (i=0;i<=imx-1 ; i++) {
+     sump=sump+weight[i];
+     /*    sump=sump+1;*/
+     num=num+1;
+   }
+   /* for (i=0; i<=imx; i++)
+      if (wav[i]>0) printf("i=%d ageex=%lf agecens=%lf agedc=%lf cens=%d %d\n" ,i,ageexmed[i],agecens[i],agedc[i],cens[i],wav[i]);*/
+   for (i=1;i<=imx ; i++)
+     {
+       if (cens[i]==1 & wav[i]>1)
+         A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agecens[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)));
+       if (cens[i]==0 & wav[i]>1)
+         A=-x[1]/(x[2])*(exp(x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp))-exp(x[2]*(ageexmed[i]-agegomp)))
+              +log(x[1]/YEARM)+x[2]*(agedc[i]-agegomp)+log(YEARM);
+       if (wav[i]>1 & agecens[i]>15) {
+         L=L+A*weight[i];
+         /*      printf("\ni=%d A=%f L=%lf x[1]=%lf x[2]=%lf ageex=%lf agecens=%lf cens=%d agedc=%lf weight=%lf\n",i,A,L,x[1],x[2],ageexmed[i]*12,agecens[i]*12,cens[i],agedc[i]*12,weight[i]);*/
+       }
+     }
+  /*printf("x1=%2.9f x2=%2.9f x3=%2.9f L=%f\n",x[1],x[2],x[3],L);*/
+   return -2*L*num/sump;
+ }
+ /******************* Printing html file ***********/
+ void printinghtmlmort(char fileres[], char title[], char datafile[], int firstpass, \
+                   int lastpass, int stepm, int weightopt, char model[],\
+                   int imx,  double p[],double **matcov,double agemortsup){
+   int i,k;
+   fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Result files </h4>\n Force of mortality. Parameters of the Gompertz fit (with confidence interval in brackets):<br>");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"  mu(age) =%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d)) per year<br><br>",p[1],p[2],agegomp);
+   for (i=1;i<=2;i++)
+     fprintf(fichtm," p[%d] = %lf [%f ; %f]<br>\n",i,p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
+   fprintf(fichtm,"<br><br><img src=\"graphmort.png\">");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"</ul>");
+ fprintf(fichtm,"<ul><li><h4>Life table</h4>\n <br>");
+  fprintf(fichtm,"\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)<br>");
+  for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++)
+    fprintf(fichtm,"%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf<br>\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
+   fflush(fichtm);
+ }
+ /******************* Gnuplot file **************/
+ void printinggnuplotmort(char fileres[], char optionfilefiname[], double ageminpar, double agemaxpar, double fage , char pathc[], double p[]){
+   char dirfileres[132],optfileres[132];
+   int m,cpt,k1,i,k,j,jk,k2,k3,ij,l;
+   int ng;
+   /*#ifdef windows */
+   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
+     /*#endif */
+   strcpy(dirfileres,optionfilefiname);
+   strcpy(optfileres,"vpl");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"graphmort.png\"\n ");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\"\n set ylabel \"Force of mortality (per year)\" \n ");
+   fprintf(ficgp, "set ter png small\n set log y\n");
+   fprintf(ficgp, "set size 0.65,0.65\n");
+   fprintf(ficgp,"plot [%d:100] %lf*exp(%lf*(x-%d))",agegomp,p[1],p[2],agegomp);
+ }
+ /***********************************************/
+ /**************** Main Program *****************/
+ /***********************************************/
+ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+ {
+   int movingaverage(double ***probs, double bage,double fage, double ***mobaverage, int mobilav);
+   int i,j, k, n=MAXN,iter,m,size=100,cptcode, cptcod;
+   int jj, ll, li, lj, lk, imk;
+   int numlinepar=0; /* Current linenumber of parameter file */
+   int itimes;
+   int NDIM=2;
+   char ca[32], cb[32], cc[32];
+   /*  FILE *fichtm; *//* Html File */
+   /* FILE *ficgp;*/ /*Gnuplot File */
+   double agedeb, agefin,hf;
+   double ageminpar=1.e20,agemin=1.e20, agemaxpar=-1.e20, agemax=-1.e20;
+   double fret;
+   double **xi,tmp,delta;
+   double dum; /* Dummy variable */
+   double ***p3mat;
+   double ***mobaverage;
+   int *indx;
+   char line[MAXLINE], linepar[MAXLINE];
+   char path[MAXLINE],pathc[MAXLINE],pathcd[MAXLINE],pathtot[MAXLINE],model[MAXLINE];
+   char pathr[MAXLINE], pathimach[MAXLINE];
+   int firstobs=1, lastobs=10;
+   int sdeb, sfin; /* Status at beginning and end */
+   int c,  h , cpt,l;
+   int ju,jl, mi;
+   int i1,j1, k1,k2,k3,jk,aa,bb, stepsize, ij;
+   int jnais,jdc,jint4,jint1,jint2,jint3,**outcome,*tab;
+   int mobilavproj=0 , prevfcast=0 ; /* moving average of prev, If prevfcast=1 prevalence projection */
+   int mobilav=0,popforecast=0;
+   int hstepm, nhstepm;
+   int agemortsup;
+   float  sumlpop=0.;
+   double jprev1=1, mprev1=1,anprev1=2000,jprev2=1, mprev2=1,anprev2=2000;
+   double jpyram=1, mpyram=1,anpyram=2000,jpyram1=1, mpyram1=1,anpyram1=2000;
+   double bage, fage, age, agelim, agebase;
+   double ftolpl=FTOL;
+   double **prlim;
+   double *severity;
+   double ***param; /* Matrix of parameters */
+   double  *p;
+   double **matcov; /* Matrix of covariance */
+   double ***delti3; /* Scale */
+   double *delti; /* Scale */
+   double ***eij, ***vareij;
+   double **varpl; /* Variances of prevalence limits by age */
+   double *epj, vepp;
+   double kk1, kk2;
+   double dateprev1, dateprev2,jproj1=1,mproj1=1,anproj1=2000,jproj2=1,mproj2=1,anproj2=2000;
+   double **ximort;
+   char *alph[]={"a","a","b","c","d","e"}, str[4];
+   int *dcwave;
+   char z[1]="c", occ;
+   char stra[80], strb[80], strc[80], strd[80],stre[80],modelsav[80];
+   char strstart[80], *strt, strtend[80];
+   char *stratrunc;
+   int lstra;
+   long total_usecs;
+ /*   setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); */
+ /*   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); */
+ /*   textdomain (PACKAGE); */
+ /*   setlocale (LC_CTYPE, ""); */
+ /*   setlocale (LC_MESSAGES, ""); */
+   /*   gettimeofday(&start_time, (struct timezone*)0); */ /* at first time */
+   (void) gettimeofday(&start_time,&tzp);
+   curr_time=start_time;
+   tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
+   tmg = *gmtime(&start_time.tv_sec);
+   strcpy(strstart,asctime(&tm));
+ /*  printf("Localtime (at start)=%s",strstart); */
+ /*  tp.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec +86400; */
+ /*  tm = *localtime(&start_time.tv_sec); */
+ /*   tmg.tm_year=tmg.tm_year +dsign*dyear; */
+ /*   tmg.tm_mon=tmg.tm_mon +dsign*dmonth; */
+ /*   tmg.tm_hour=tmg.tm_hour + 1; */
+ /*   tp.tv_sec = mktime(&tmg); */
+ /*   strt=asctime(&tmg); */
+ /*   printf("Time(after) =%s",strstart);  */
+ /*  (void) time (&time_value);
+ *  printf("time=%d,t-=%d\n",time_value,time_value-86400);
+ *  tm = *localtime(&time_value);
+ *  strstart=asctime(&tm);
+ *  printf("tim_value=%d,asctime=%s\n",time_value,strstart);
+ */
+   nberr=0; /* Number of errors and warnings */
+   nbwarn=0;
+   getcwd(pathcd, size);
+   printf("\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
+   if(argc <=1){
+     printf("\nEnter the parameter file name: ");
+     scanf("%s",pathtot);
+   }
+   else{
+     strcpy(pathtot,argv[1]);
+   }
+   /*if(getcwd(pathcd, MAXLINE)!= NULL)printf ("Error pathcd\n");*/
+   /*cygwin_split_path(pathtot,path,optionfile);
+     printf("pathtot=%s, path=%s, optionfile=%s\n",pathtot,path,optionfile);*/
+   /* cutv(path,optionfile,pathtot,'\\');*/
+   split(argv[0],pathimach,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
+  /*   strcpy(pathimach,argv[0]); */
+   split(pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
+   printf("pathimach=%s, pathtot=%s,\npath=%s,\noptionfile=%s \noptionfilext=%s \noptionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
+   chdir(path);
+   strcpy(command,"mkdir ");
+   strcat(command,optionfilefiname);
+   if((outcmd=system(command)) != 0){
+     printf("Problem creating directory or it already exists %s%s, err=%d\n",path,optionfilefiname,outcmd);
+     /* fprintf(ficlog,"Problem creating directory %s%s\n",path,optionfilefiname); */
+     /* fclose(ficlog); */
+ /*     exit(1); */
+   }
+ /*   if((imk=mkdir(optionfilefiname))<0){ */
+ /*     perror("mkdir"); */
+ /*   } */
+   /*-------- arguments in the command line --------*/
+   /* Log file */
+   strcat(filelog, optionfilefiname);
+   strcat(filelog,".log");    /* */
+   if((ficlog=fopen(filelog,"w"))==NULL)    {
+     printf("Problem with logfile %s\n",filelog);
+     goto end;
+   }
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Log filename:%s\n",filelog);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\n%s\n%s",version,fullversion);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"\nEnter the parameter file name: \n");
+   fprintf(ficlog,"pathimach=%s\npathtot=%s\n\
+  path=%s \n\
+  optionfile=%s\n\
+  optionfilext=%s\n\
+  optionfilefiname=%s\n",pathimach,pathtot,path,optionfile,optionfilext,optionfilefiname);
+   printf("Local time (at start):%s",strstart);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Local time (at start): %s",strstart);
+   fflush(ficlog);
+ /*   (void) gettimeofday(&curr_time,&tzp); */
+ /*   printf("Elapsed time %d\n", asc_diff_time(curr_time.tv_sec-start_time.tv_sec,tmpout)); */
+   /* */
+   strcpy(fileres,"r");
+   strcat(fileres, optionfilefiname);
+   strcat(fileres,".txt");    /* Other files have txt extension */
+   /*---------arguments file --------*/
+   if((ficpar=fopen(optionfile,"r"))==NULL)    {
+     printf("Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with optionfile %s\n",optionfile);
+     fflush(ficlog);
+     goto end;
+   }
+   strcpy(filereso,"o");
+   strcat(filereso,fileres);
+   if((ficparo=fopen(filereso,"w"))==NULL) { /* opened on subdirectory */
+     printf("Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Output resultfile: %s\n", filereso);
+     fflush(ficlog);
+     goto end;
+   }
    /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
+   numlinepar=0;
    while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
      fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+     numlinepar++;
      puts(line);
      fputs(line,ficparo);
+     fputs(line,ficlog);
    }
    ungetc(c,ficpar);
-   matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
+   fscanf(ficpar,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%lf stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d model=%s\n",title, datafile, &lastobs, &firstpass,&lastpass,&ftol, &stepm, &ncovcol, &nlstate,&ndeath, &maxwav, &mle, &weightopt,model);
-   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
+   numlinepar++;
-     fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
+   printf("title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate,ndeath, maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
-     printf("%s",str);
+   fprintf(ficparo,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
-     fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol,stepm,ncovcol,nlstate,ndeath,maxwav, mle, weightopt,model);
-     for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
+   fflush(ficlog);
-       fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
+   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
-       printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
-       fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
+     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
-     }
+     numlinepar++;
-     fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+     puts(line);
-     printf("\n");
+     fputs(line,ficparo);
-     fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
+     fputs(line,ficlog);
    }
-   for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
+   ungetc(c,ficpar);
-     for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
-       matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
-   printf("\n");
+   covar=matrix(0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
+   cptcovn=0; /*Number of covariates, i.e. number of '+' in model statement*/
+   if (strlen(model)>1) cptcovn=nbocc(model,'+')+1;
+   ncovmodel=2+cptcovn; /*Number of variables = cptcovn + intercept + age */
+   nvar=ncovmodel-1; /* Suppressing age as a basic covariate */
+   npar= (nlstate+ndeath-1)*nlstate*ncovmodel; /* Number of parameters*/
+   delti3= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+   delti=delti3[1][1];
+   /*delti=vector(1,npar); *//* Scale of each paramater (output from hesscov)*/
+   if(mle==-1){ /* Print a wizard for help writing covariance matrix */
+     prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
+     printf(" You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
+     fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-1, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
+     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+     fclose (ficparo);
+     fclose (ficlog);
+     exit(0);
+   }
+   else if(mle==-3) {
+     prwizard(ncovmodel, nlstate, ndeath, model, ficparo);
+     printf(" You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
+     fprintf(ficlog," You choose mle=-3, look at file %s for a template of covariance matrix \n",filereso);
+     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
+   }
+   else{
+     /* Read guess parameters */
+     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       numlinepar++;
+       puts(line);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+       fputs(line,ficlog);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
+     param= ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+       j=0;
+       for(jj=1; jj <=nlstate+ndeath; jj++){
+         if(jj==i) continue;
+         j++;
+         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
+         if ((i1 != i) && (j1 != j)){
+           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
+           exit(1);
+         }
+         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+         if(mle==1)
+           printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
+         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
+           fscanf(ficpar," %lf",&param[i][j][k]);
+           if(mle==1){
+             printf(" %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+           }
+           else
+             fprintf(ficlog," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+           fprintf(ficparo," %lf",param[i][j][k]);
+         }
+         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+         numlinepar++;
+         if(mle==1)
+           printf("\n");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
+       }
+     }
+     fflush(ficlog);
+     p=param[1][1];
+     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       numlinepar++;
+       puts(line);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+       fputs(line,ficlog);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
+     for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+       for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath-1; j++){
+         fscanf(ficpar,"%1d%1d",&i1,&j1);
+         if ((i1-i)*(j1-j)!=0){
+           printf("Error in line parameters number %d, %1d%1d instead of %1d%1d \n",numlinepar, i,j, i1, j1);
+           exit(1);
+         }
+         printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
+         fprintf(ficparo,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i1,j1);
+         for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
+           fscanf(ficpar,"%le",&delti3[i][j][k]);
+           printf(" %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+           fprintf(ficparo," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+           fprintf(ficlog," %le",delti3[i][j][k]);
+         }
+         fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+         numlinepar++;
+         printf("\n");
+         fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+       }
+     }
+     fflush(ficlog);
+     delti=delti3[1][1];
+     /* free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1,nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel); */ /* Hasn't to to freed here otherwise delti is no more allocated */
+     /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       numlinepar++;
+       puts(line);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+       fputs(line,ficlog);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
-   if(mle==1){
+     matcov=matrix(1,npar,1,npar);
-     /*-------- data file ----------*/
+     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++){
-     if((ficres =fopen(fileres,"w"))==NULL) {
+       fscanf(ficpar,"%s",&str);
-       printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
+       if(mle==1)
+         printf("%s",str);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"%s",str);
+       fprintf(ficparo,"%s",str);
+       for(j=1; j <=i; j++){
+         fscanf(ficpar," %le",&matcov[i][j]);
+         if(mle==1){
+           printf(" %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
+         }
+         fprintf(ficlog," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
+         fprintf(ficparo," %.5le",matcov[i][j]);
+       }
+       fscanf(ficpar,"\n");
+       numlinepar++;
+       if(mle==1)
+         printf("\n");
+       fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+       fprintf(ficparo,"\n");
      }
-     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
+     for(i=1; i <=npar; i++)
+       for(j=i+1;j<=npar;j++)
+         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
-     if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
+     if(mle==1)
-       printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
+       printf("\n");
-     }
+     fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+     fflush(ficlog);
-     n= lastobs;
+     /*-------- Rewriting parameter file ----------*/
-     severity = vector(1,maxwav);
+     strcpy(rfileres,"r");    /* "Rparameterfile */
-     outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+     strcat(rfileres,optionfilefiname);    /* Parameter file first name*/
-     num=ivector(1,n);
+     strcat(rfileres,".");    /* */
-     moisnais=vector(1,n);
+     strcat(rfileres,optionfilext);    /* Other files have txt extension */
-     annais=vector(1,n);
+     if((ficres =fopen(rfileres,"w"))==NULL) {
-     moisdc=vector(1,n);
+       printf("Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
-     andc=vector(1,n);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem writing new parameter file: %s\n", fileres);goto end;
-     agedc=vector(1,n);
+     }
-     cod=ivector(1,n);
+     fprintf(ficres,"#%s\n",version);
-     weight=vector(1,n);
+   }    /* End of mle != -3 */
-     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
-     mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
+   /*-------- data file ----------*/
-     anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
+   if((fic=fopen(datafile,"r"))==NULL)    {
-     covar=matrix(1,NCOVMAX,1,n);
+     printf("Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
-     s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with datafile: %s\n", datafile);goto end;
-     adl=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+   }
-     tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
-     i=1;
+   n= lastobs;
-     while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
+   severity = vector(1,maxwav);
-       if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <lastobs)) {
+   outcome=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
- sscanf(line,"%d %lf %lf %lf %lf/%lf %lf/%lf %lf/%lf %d %lf/%lf %d %lf/%lf %d %lf/%lf %d", &num[i], &covar[1][i], &covar[2][i],&weight[i],&moisnais[i],&annais[i],&moisdc[i],&andc[i], &mint[1][i], &anint[1][i], &s[1][i], &mint[2][i],&anint[2][i], &s[2][i],&mint[3][i],&anint[3][i], &s[3][i],&mint[4][i],&anint[4][i], &s[4][i]);
+   num=lvector(1,n);
-         i=i+1;
+   moisnais=vector(1,n);
+   annais=vector(1,n);
+   moisdc=vector(1,n);
+   andc=vector(1,n);
+   agedc=vector(1,n);
+   cod=ivector(1,n);
+   weight=vector(1,n);
+   for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0; /* Equal weights, 1 by default */
+   mint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
+   anint=matrix(1,maxwav,1,n);
+   s=imatrix(1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+   tab=ivector(1,NCOVMAX);
+   ncodemax=ivector(1,8);
+   i=1;
+   while (fgets(line, MAXLINE, fic) != NULL)    {
+     if ((i >= firstobs) && (i <=lastobs)) {
+       for(j=0; line[j] != '\n';j++){  /* Untabifies line */
+         if(line[j] == '\t')
+           line[j] = ' ';
        }
-     }
+       for (j=maxwav;j>=1;j--){
+         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); s[j][i]=atoi(strb);
+         strcpy(line,stra);
+         cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); anint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); mint[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       }
+       cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); andc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisdc[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       cutv(stra, strb,line,'/'); annais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); moisnais[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); weight[i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       for (j=ncovcol;j>=1;j--){
+         cutv(stra, strb,line,' '); covar[j][i]=(double)(atoi(strb)); strcpy(line,stra);
+       }
+       lstra=strlen(stra);
+       if(lstra > 9){ /* More than 2**32 or max of what printf can write with %ld */
+         stratrunc = &(stra[lstra-9]);
+         num[i]=atol(stratrunc);
+       }
+       else
+         num[i]=atol(stra);
+       /*if((s[2][i]==2) && (s[3][i]==-1)&&(s[4][i]==9)){
+         printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]),weight[i], (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i])); ij=ij+1;}*/
+       i=i+1;
+     }
+   }
+   /* printf("ii=%d", ij);
+      scanf("%d",i);*/
    imx=i-1; /* Number of individuals */
-     fclose(fic);
+   /* for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
+     if ((s[1][i]==3) && (s[2][i]==2)) s[2][i]=3;
+     if ((s[2][i]==3) && (s[3][i]==2)) s[3][i]=3;
+     if ((s[3][i]==3) && (s[4][i]==2)) s[4][i]=3;
+     }*/
+    /*  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
+      if (s[4][i]==9)  s[4][i]=-1;
+      printf("%ld %.lf %.lf %.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d %.lf/%.lf %d\n",num[i],(covar[1][i]), (covar[2][i]), (weight[i]), (moisnais[i]), (annais[i]), (moisdc[i]), (andc[i]), (mint[1][i]), (anint[1][i]), (s[1][i]),  (mint[2][i]), (anint[2][i]), (s[2][i]),  (mint[3][i]), (anint[3][i]), (s[3][i]),  (mint[4][i]), (anint[4][i]), (s[4][i]));}*/
+  for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)
+    /*if ((s[3][i]==3) ||  (s[4][i]==3)) weight[i]=0.08;
+      else weight[i]=1;*/
-     if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
+   /* Calculation of the number of parameter from char model*/
-       for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
+   Tvar=ivector(1,15); /* stores the number n of the covariates in Vm+Vn at 1 and m at 2 */
+   Tprod=ivector(1,15);
+   Tvaraff=ivector(1,15);
+   Tvard=imatrix(1,15,1,2);
+   Tage=ivector(1,15);
+   if (strlen(model) >1){ /* If there is at least 1 covariate */
+     j=0, j1=0, k1=1, k2=1;
+     j=nbocc(model,'+'); /* j=Number of '+' */
+     j1=nbocc(model,'*'); /* j1=Number of '*' */
+     cptcovn=j+1;
+     cptcovprod=j1; /*Number of products */
+     strcpy(modelsav,model);
+     if ((strcmp(model,"age")==0) || (strcmp(model,"age*age")==0)){
+       printf("Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Error. Non available option model=%s ",model);
+       goto end;
      }
-     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
-     agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
-     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
+     /* This loop fills the array Tvar from the string 'model'.*/
-       agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
-       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
+     for(i=(j+1); i>=1;i--){
-         if(s[m][i] >0){
+       cutv(stra,strb,modelsav,'+'); /* keeps in strb after the last + */
-           if (s[m][i] == nlstate+1) {
+       if (nbocc(modelsav,'+')==0) strcpy(strb,modelsav); /* and analyzes it */
-             if(agedc[i]>0)
+       /*      printf("i=%d a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n",i, stra,strb,modelsav);*/
+       /*scanf("%d",i);*/
+       if (strchr(strb,'*')) {  /* Model includes a product */
+         cutv(strd,strc,strb,'*'); /* strd*strc  Vm*Vn (if not *age)*/
+         if (strcmp(strc,"age")==0) { /* Vn*age */
+           cptcovprod--;
+           cutv(strb,stre,strd,'V');
+           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre); /* computes n in Vn and stores in Tvar*/
+           cptcovage++;
+             Tage[cptcovage]=i;
+             /*printf("stre=%s ", stre);*/
+         }
+         else if (strcmp(strd,"age")==0) { /* or age*Vn */
+           cptcovprod--;
+           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V');
+           Tvar[i]=atoi(stre);
+           cptcovage++;
+           Tage[cptcovage]=i;
+         }
+         else {  /* Age is not in the model */
+           cutv(strb,stre,strc,'V'); /* strc= Vn, stre is n*/
+           Tvar[i]=ncovcol+k1;
+           cutv(strb,strc,strd,'V'); /* strd was Vm, strc is m */
+           Tprod[k1]=i;
+           Tvard[k1][1]=atoi(strc); /* m*/
+           Tvard[k1][2]=atoi(stre); /* n */
+           Tvar[cptcovn+k2]=Tvard[k1][1];
+           Tvar[cptcovn+k2+1]=Tvard[k1][2];
+           for (k=1; k<=lastobs;k++)
+             covar[ncovcol+k1][k]=covar[atoi(stre)][k]*covar[atoi(strc)][k];
+           k1++;
+           k2=k2+2;
+         }
+       }
+       else { /* no more sum */
+         /*printf("d=%s c=%s b=%s\n", strd,strc,strb);*/
+        /*  scanf("%d",i);*/
+       cutv(strd,strc,strb,'V');
+       Tvar[i]=atoi(strc);
+       }
+       strcpy(modelsav,stra);
+       /*printf("a=%s b=%s sav=%s\n", stra,strb,modelsav);
+         scanf("%d",i);*/
+     } /* end of loop + */
+   } /* end model */
+   /*The number n of Vn is stored in Tvar. cptcovage =number of age covariate. Tage gives the position of age. cptcovprod= number of products.
+     If model=V1+V1*age then Tvar[1]=1 Tvar[2]=1 cptcovage=1 Tage[1]=2 cptcovprod=0*/
+   /* printf("tvar1=%d tvar2=%d tvar3=%d cptcovage=%d Tage=%d",Tvar[1],Tvar[2],Tvar[3],cptcovage,Tage[1]);
+   printf("cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"cptcovprod=%d ", cptcovprod);
+   scanf("%d ",i);
+   fclose(fic);*/
+     /*  if(mle==1){*/
+   if (weightopt != 1) { /* Maximisation without weights*/
+     for(i=1;i<=n;i++) weight[i]=1.0;
+   }
+     /*-calculation of age at interview from date of interview and age at death -*/
+   agev=matrix(1,maxwav,1,imx);
+   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
+     for(m=2; (m<= maxwav); m++) {
+       if (((int)mint[m][i]== 99) && (s[m][i] <= nlstate)){
+         anint[m][i]=9999;
+         s[m][i]=-1;
+       }
+       if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]==9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
+         nberr++;
+         printf("Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Date of death (month %2d and year %4d) of individual %ld on line %d was unknown, you must set an arbitrary year of death or he/she is skipped and results are biased\n",(int)moisdc[i],(int)andc[i],num[i],i);
+         s[m][i]=-1;
+       }
+       if((int)moisdc[i]==99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999 && s[m][i]>nlstate){
+         nberr++;
+         printf("Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %2d, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,(int)moisdc[i]);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error! Month of death of individual %ld on line %d was unknown %f, you should set it otherwise the information on the death is skipped and results are biased.\n",num[i],i,moisdc[i]);
+         s[m][i]=-1; /* We prefer to skip it (and to skip it in version 0.8a1 too */
+       }
+     }
+   }
+   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
+     agedc[i]=(moisdc[i]/12.+andc[i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+annais[i]);
+     for(m=firstpass; (m<= lastpass); m++){
+       if(s[m][i] >0 || s[m][i]==-2 || s[m][i]==-4 || s[m][i]==-5){
+         if (s[m][i] >= nlstate+1) {
+           if(agedc[i]>0)
+             if((int)moisdc[i]!=99 && (int)andc[i]!=9999)
                agev[m][i]=agedc[i];
-             else{
+           /*if(moisdc[i]==99 && andc[i]==9999) s[m][i]=-1;*/
-               printf("Warning negative age at death: %d line:%d\n",num[i],i);
+             else {
-               agev[m][i]=-1;
+               if ((int)andc[i]!=9999){
-             }
+                 nbwarn++;
-           }
+                 printf("Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
-           else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Should no more exist */
+                 fprintf(ficlog,"Warning negative age at death: %ld line:%d\n",num[i],i);
-             agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
+                 agev[m][i]=-1;
-             if(mint[m][i]==99 || anint[m][i]==9999)
+               }
-               agev[m][i]=1;
-             else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){
-               agemin=agev[m][i];
-               /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
-             }
-             else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
-               agemax=agev[m][i];
-              /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
              }
-             /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
+         }
-             /*   agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
+         else if(s[m][i] !=9){ /* Standard case, age in fractional
-           }
+                                  years but with the precision of a
-           else { /* =9 */
+                                  month */
+           agev[m][i]=(mint[m][i]/12.+1./24.+anint[m][i])-(moisnais[i]/12.+1./24.+annais[i]);
+           if((int)mint[m][i]==99 || (int)anint[m][i]==9999)
              agev[m][i]=1;
-             s[m][i]=-1;
+           else if(agev[m][i] <agemin){
+             agemin=agev[m][i];
+             /*printf(" Min anint[%d][%d]=%.2f annais[%d]=%.2f, agemin=%.2f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemin);*/
            }
+           else if(agev[m][i] >agemax){
+             agemax=agev[m][i];
+             /* printf(" anint[%d][%d]=%.0f annais[%d]=%.0f, agemax=%.0f\n",m,i,anint[m][i], i,annais[i], agemax);*/
+           }
+           /*agev[m][i]=anint[m][i]-annais[i];*/
+           /*     agev[m][i] = age[i]+2*m;*/
          }
-         else /*= 0 Unknown */
+         else { /* =9 */
            agev[m][i]=1;
+           s[m][i]=-1;
+         }
        }
+       else /*= 0 Unknown */
+         agev[m][i]=1;
      }
-     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
-       for(m=1; (m<= maxwav); m++){
+   }
-         if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
+   for (i=1; i<=imx; i++)  {
-           printf("Error: Wrong value in nlstate or ndeath\n");
+     for(m=firstpass; (m<=lastpass); m++){
-           goto end;
+       if (s[m][i] > (nlstate+ndeath)) {
-         }
+         nberr++;
+         printf("Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"Error: on wave %d of individual %d status %d > (nlstate+ndeath)=(%d+%d)=%d\n",m,i,s[m][i],nlstate, ndeath, nlstate+ndeath);
+         goto end;
        }
      }
+   }
- printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
+   /*for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
+   for (m=firstpass; (m<lastpass); m++){
+      printf("%ld %d %.lf %d %d\n", num[i],(covar[1][i]),agev[m][i],s[m][i],s[m+1][i]);
+ }
-     free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
+ }*/
-     free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
-     free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
-     free_vector(annais,1,n);
+   printf("Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
-     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Total number of individuals= %d, Agemin = %.2f, Agemax= %.2f\n\n", imx, agemin, agemax);
-     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);
-     free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
+   agegomp=(int)agemin;
-     free_vector(andc,1,n);
+   free_vector(severity,1,maxwav);
+   free_imatrix(outcome,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+   free_vector(moisnais,1,n);
+   free_vector(annais,1,n);
+   /* free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
+      free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);*/
+   free_vector(moisdc,1,n);
+   free_vector(andc,1,n);
-     wav=ivector(1,imx);
+   wav=ivector(1,imx);
-     dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
+   dh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
-     mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
+   bh=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
+   mw=imatrix(1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
-     /* Concatenates waves */
+   /* Concatenates waves */
-       concatwav(wav, dh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
+   concatwav(wav, dh, bh, mw, s, agedc, agev,  firstpass, lastpass, imx, nlstate, stepm);
-    /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
-        and prints on file fileres'p'. */
-       freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx);
-     pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
+   /* Routine tricode is to calculate cptcoveff (real number of unique covariates) and to associate covariable number and modality */
+   Tcode=ivector(1,100);
+   nbcode=imatrix(0,NCOVMAX,0,NCOVMAX);
+   ncodemax[1]=1;
+   if (cptcovn > 0) tricode(Tvar,nbcode,imx);
+   codtab=imatrix(1,100,1,10); /* Cross tabulation to get the order of
+                                  the estimations*/
+   h=0;
+   m=pow(2,cptcoveff);
+   for(k=1;k<=cptcoveff; k++){
+     for(i=1; i <=(m/pow(2,k));i++){
+       for(j=1; j <= ncodemax[k]; j++){
+         for(cpt=1; cpt <=(m/pow(2,cptcoveff+1-k)); cpt++){
+           h++;
+           if (h>m) h=1;codtab[h][k]=j;codtab[h][Tvar[k]]=j;
+           /*  printf("h=%d k=%d j=%d codtab[h][k]=%d tvar[k]=%d \n",h, k,j,codtab[h][k],Tvar[k]);*/
+         }
+       }
+     }
+   }
+   /* printf("codtab[1][2]=%d codtab[2][2]=%d",codtab[1][2],codtab[2][2]);
+      codtab[1][2]=1;codtab[2][2]=2; */
+   /* for(i=1; i <=m ;i++){
+      for(k=1; k <=cptcovn; k++){
+      printf("i=%d k=%d %d %d ",i,k,codtab[i][k], cptcoveff);
+      }
+      printf("\n");
+      }
+      scanf("%d",i);*/
+   /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
+   strcpy(optionfilegnuplot,optionfilefiname);
+   if(mle==-3)
+     strcat(optionfilegnuplot,"-mort");
+   strcat(optionfilegnuplot,".gp");
+   if((ficgp=fopen(optionfilegnuplot,"w"))==NULL) {
+     printf("Problem with file %s",optionfilegnuplot);
+   }
+   else{
+     fprintf(ficgp,"\n# %s\n", version);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"# %s\n", optionfilegnuplot);
+     fprintf(ficgp,"set missing 'NaNq'\n");
+   }
+   /*  fclose(ficgp);*/
+   /*--------- index.htm --------*/
+   strcpy(optionfilehtm,optionfilefiname); /* Main html file */
+   if(mle==-3)
+     strcat(optionfilehtm,"-mort");
+   strcat(optionfilehtm,".htm");
+   if((fichtm=fopen(optionfilehtm,"w"))==NULL)    {
+     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtm), exit(0);
+   }
+   strcpy(optionfilehtmcov,optionfilefiname); /* Only for matrix of covariance */
+   strcat(optionfilehtmcov,"-cov.htm");
+   if((fichtmcov=fopen(optionfilehtmcov,"w"))==NULL)    {
+     printf("Problem with %s \n",optionfilehtmcov), exit(0);
+   }
+   else{
+   fprintf(fichtmcov,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh Cov %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
+ <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
+ Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n",\
+           fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model);
+   }
+   fprintf(fichtm,"<body>\n<title>IMaCh %s</title>\n <font size=\"2\">%s <br> %s</font> \
+ <hr size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\"> \n\
+ Title=%s <br>Datafile=%s Firstpass=%d Lastpass=%d Stepm=%d Weight=%d Model=%s<br>\n\
+ \n\
+ <hr  size=\"2\" color=\"#EC5E5E\">\
+  <ul><li><h4>Parameter files</h4>\n\
+  - Copy of the parameter file: <a href=\"o%s\">o%s</a><br>\n\
+  - Log file of the run: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
+  - Gnuplot file name: <a href=\"%s\">%s</a><br>\n\
+  - Date and time at start: %s</ul>\n",\
+           fileres,version,fullversion,title,datafile,firstpass,lastpass,stepm, weightopt, model,\
+           fileres,fileres,\
+           filelog,filelog,optionfilegnuplot,optionfilegnuplot,strstart);
+   fflush(fichtm);
+   strcpy(pathr,path);
+   strcat(pathr,optionfilefiname);
+   chdir(optionfilefiname); /* Move to directory named optionfile */
+   /* Calculates basic frequencies. Computes observed prevalence at single age
+      and prints on file fileres'p'. */
+   freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint,strstart);
+   fprintf(fichtm,"\n");
+   fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Total number of observations=%d <br>\n\
+ Youngest age at first (selected) pass %.2f, oldest age %.2f<br>\n\
+ Interval (in months) between two waves: Min=%d Max=%d Mean=%.2lf<br>\n",\
+           imx,agemin,agemax,jmin,jmax,jmean);
+   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
      oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
      newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
      savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
      oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
-     /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
-        so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
+   /* For Powell, parameters are in a vector p[] starting at p[1]
-     p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
+      so we point p on param[1][1] so that p[1] maps on param[1][1][1] */
+   p=param[1][1]; /* *(*(*(param +1)+1)+0) */
+   globpr=0; /* To get the number ipmx of contributions and the sum of weights*/
+   if (mle==-3){
+     ximort=matrix(1,NDIM,1,NDIM);
+     cens=ivector(1,n);
+     ageexmed=vector(1,n);
+     agecens=vector(1,n);
+     dcwave=ivector(1,n);
+     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++){
+       dcwave[i]=-1;
+       for (j=1; j<=lastpass; j++)
+         if (s[j][i]>nlstate) {
+           dcwave[i]=j;
+           /*    printf("i=%d j=%d s=%d dcwave=%d\n",i,j, s[j][i],dcwave[i]);*/
+           break;
+         }
+     }
+     for (i=1; i<=imx; i++) {
+       if (wav[i]>0){
+         ageexmed[i]=agev[mw[1][i]][i];
+         j=wav[i];agecens[i]=1.;
+         if (ageexmed[i]>1 & wav[i]>0) agecens[i]=agev[mw[j][i]][i];
+         cens[i]=1;
+         if (ageexmed[i]<1) cens[i]=-1;
+         if (agedc[i]< AGESUP & agedc[i]>1 & dcwave[i]>firstpass & dcwave[i]<=lastpass) cens[i]=0 ;
+       }
+       else cens[i]=-1;
+     }
-     mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncov, nlstate, ftol, func);
+     for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++) {
+       for (j=1;j<=NDIM;j++)
+         ximort[i][j]=(i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+     }
+     p[1]=0.1; p[2]=0.1;
+     /*printf("%lf %lf", p[1], p[2]);*/
-     /*--------- results files --------------*/
-     fprintf(ficres,"\ntitle=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncov=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle=%d weight=%d\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncov, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, mle,weightopt);
-    jk=1;
+   printf("Powell\n");  fprintf(ficlog,"Powell\n");
-    fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters\n");
+   strcpy(filerespow,"pow-mort");
-    printf("# Parameters\n");
+   strcat(filerespow,fileres);
-    for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+   if((ficrespow=fopen(filerespow,"w"))==NULL) {
-      for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
+     printf("Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
-        if (k != i)
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with resultfile: %s\n", filerespow);
-          {
+   }
-            printf("%d%d ",i,k);
+   fprintf(ficrespow,"# Powell\n# iter -2*LL");
-            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
+   /*  for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++)
-            for(j=1; j <=ncov; j++){
+     for(j=1;j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
-              printf("%f ",p[jk]);
+       if(j!=i)fprintf(ficrespow," p%1d%1d",i,j);
-              fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
+   */
-              jk++;
+   fprintf(ficrespow,"\n");
-            }
-            printf("\n");
+     powell(p,ximort,NDIM,ftol,&iter,&fret,gompertz);
-            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
+     fclose(ficrespow);
-          }
-      }
+     hesscov(matcov, p, NDIM,delti, 1e-4, gompertz);
-    }
-     /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
+     for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++)
-     ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
+       for(j=i+1;j<=NDIM;j++)
-     hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
+         matcov[i][j]=matcov[j][i];
-     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales\n");
-     printf("# Scales\n");
+     printf("\nCovariance matrix\n ");
-      for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+     for(i=1; i <=NDIM; i++) {
+       for(j=1;j<=NDIM;j++){
+         printf("%f ",matcov[i][j]);
+       }
+       printf("\n ");
+     }
+     printf("iter=%d MLE=%f Eq=%lf*exp(%lf*(age-%d))\n",iter,-gompertz(p),p[1],p[2],agegomp);
+     for (i=1;i<=NDIM;i++)
+       printf("%f [%f ; %f]\n",p[i],p[i]-2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]),p[i]+2*sqrt(matcov[i][i]));
+ lsurv=vector(1,AGESUP);
+     lpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
+     tpop=vector(1,AGESUP);
+     lsurv[agegomp]=100000;
+      for (k=agegomp;k<=AGESUP;k++) {
+       agemortsup=k;
+       if (p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp))>1) break;
+     }
+       for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++)
+       lsurv[k+1]=lsurv[k]-lsurv[k]*(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)));
+     for (k=agegomp;k<agemortsup;k++){
+       lpop[k]=(lsurv[k]+lsurv[k+1])/2.;
+       sumlpop=sumlpop+lpop[k];
+     }
+  tpop[agegomp]=sumlpop;
+     for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-3);k++){
+       /*  tpop[k+1]=2;*/
+       tpop[k+1]=tpop[k]-lpop[k];
+        }
+        printf("\nAge   lx     qx    dx    Lx     Tx     e(x)\n");
+     for (k=agegomp;k<(agemortsup-2);k++)
+       printf("%d %.0lf %lf %.0lf %.0lf %.0lf %lf\n",k,lsurv[k],p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)),(p[1]*exp(p[2]*(k-agegomp)))*lsurv[k],lpop[k],tpop[k],tpop[k]/lsurv[k]);
+     replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
+     printinggnuplotmort(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
+     printinghtmlmort(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, \
+                      stepm, weightopt,\
+                      model,imx,p,matcov,agemortsup);
+     free_vector(lsurv,1,AGESUP);
+     free_vector(lpop,1,AGESUP);
+     free_vector(tpop,1,AGESUP);
+   } /* Endof if mle==-3 */
+   else{ /* For mle >=1 */
+     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
+     printf("First Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
+     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
+       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
+     printf("\n");
+     globpr=1; /* to print the contributions */
+     likelione(ficres, p, npar, nlstate, &globpr, &ipmx, &sw, &fretone, funcone); /* Prints the contributions to the likelihood */
+     printf("Second Likeli=%12.6f ipmx=%ld sw=%12.6f",fretone,ipmx,sw);
+     for (k=1; k<=npar;k++)
+       printf(" %d %8.5f",k,p[k]);
+     printf("\n");
+     if(mle>=1){ /* Could be 1 or 2 */
+       mlikeli(ficres,p, npar, ncovmodel, nlstate, ftol, func);
+     }
+     /*--------- results files --------------*/
+     fprintf(ficres,"title=%s datafile=%s lastobs=%d firstpass=%d lastpass=%d\nftol=%e stepm=%d ncovcol=%d nlstate=%d ndeath=%d maxwav=%d mle= 0 weight=%d\nmodel=%s\n", title, datafile, lastobs, firstpass,lastpass,ftol, stepm, ncovcol, nlstate, ndeath, maxwav, weightopt,model);
+     fprintf(ficres,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
+     printf("# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"# Parameters nlstate*nlstate*ncov a12*1 + b12 * age + ...\n");
+     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+       for(k=1; k <=(nlstate+ndeath); k++){
+         if (k != i) {
+           printf("%d%d ",i,k);
+           fprintf(ficlog,"%d%d ",i,k);
+           fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d ",i,k);
+           for(j=1; j <=ncovmodel; j++){
+             printf("%f ",p[jk]);
+             fprintf(ficlog,"%f ",p[jk]);
+             fprintf(ficres,"%f ",p[jk]);
+             jk++;
+           }
+           printf("\n");
+           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+           fprintf(ficres,"\n");
+         }
+       }
+     }
+     if(mle!=0){
+       /* Computing hessian and covariance matrix */
+       ftolhess=ftol; /* Usually correct */
+       hesscov(matcov, p, npar, delti, ftolhess, func);
+     }
+     fprintf(ficres,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
+     printf("# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"# Scales (for hessian or gradient estimation)\n");
+     for(i=1,jk=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
        for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
          if (j!=i) {
            fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d",i,j);
            printf("%1d%1d",i,j);
-           for(k=1; k<=ncov;k++){
+           fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d",i,j);
+           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
              printf(" %.5e",delti[jk]);
+             fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",delti[jk]);
              fprintf(ficres," %.5e",delti[jk]);
              jk++;
            }
            printf("\n");
+           fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
            fprintf(ficres,"\n");
          }
        }
-       }
-     k=1;
-     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance\n");
-     printf("# Covariance\n");
-     for(i=1;i<=npar;i++){
-       /*  if (k>nlstate) k=1;
-       i1=(i-1)/(ncov*nlstate)+1;
-       fprintf(ficres,"%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);
-       printf("%s%d%d",alph[k],i1,tab[i]);*/
-       fprintf(ficres,"%3d",i);
-       printf("%3d",i);
-       for(j=1; j<=i;j++){
-         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
-         printf(" %.5e",matcov[i][j]);
-       }
-       fprintf(ficres,"\n");
-       printf("\n");
-       k++;
      }
+     fprintf(ficres,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
+     if(mle>=1)
+       printf("# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"# Covariance matrix \n# 121 Var(a12)\n# 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n#   ...\n# 232 Cov(b23,a12)  Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n");
+     /* # 121 Var(a12)\n\ */
+     /* # 122 Cov(b12,a12) Var(b12)\n\ */
+     /* # 131 Cov(a13,a12) Cov(a13,b12, Var(a13)\n\ */
+     /* # 132 Cov(b13,a12) Cov(b13,b12, Cov(b13,a13) Var(b13)\n\ */
+     /* # 212 Cov(a21,a12) Cov(a21,b12, Cov(a21,a13) Cov(a21,b13) Var(a21)\n\ */
+     /* # 212 Cov(b21,a12) Cov(b21,b12, Cov(b21,a13) Cov(b21,b13) Cov(b21,a21) Var(b21)\n\ */
+     /* # 232 Cov(a23,a12) Cov(a23,b12, Cov(a23,a13) Cov(a23,b13) Cov(a23,a21) Cov(a23,b21) Var(a23)\n\ */
+     /* # 232 Cov(b23,a12) Cov(b23,b12) ... Var (b23)\n" */
+     /* Just to have a covariance matrix which will be more understandable
+        even is we still don't want to manage dictionary of variables
+     */
+     for(itimes=1;itimes<=2;itimes++){
+       jj=0;
+       for(i=1; i <=nlstate; i++){
+         for(j=1; j <=nlstate+ndeath; j++){
+           if(j==i) continue;
+           for(k=1; k<=ncovmodel;k++){
+             jj++;
+             ca[0]= k+'a'-1;ca[1]='\0';
+             if(itimes==1){
+               if(mle>=1)
+                 printf("#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+               fprintf(ficlog,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+               fprintf(ficres,"#%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+             }else{
+               if(mle>=1)
+                 printf("%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+               fprintf(ficlog,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+               fprintf(ficres,"%1d%1d%d",i,j,k);
+             }
+             ll=0;
+             for(li=1;li <=nlstate; li++){
+               for(lj=1;lj <=nlstate+ndeath; lj++){
+                 if(lj==li) continue;
+                 for(lk=1;lk<=ncovmodel;lk++){
+                   ll++;
+                   if(ll<=jj){
+                     cb[0]= lk +'a'-1;cb[1]='\0';
+                     if(ll<jj){
+                       if(itimes==1){
+                         if(mle>=1)
+                           printf(" Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
+                         fprintf(ficlog," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
+                         fprintf(ficres," Cov(%s%1d%1d,%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j,cb, li,lj);
+                       }else{
+                         if(mle>=1)
+                           printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]);
+                         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]);
+                         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]);
+                       }
+                     }else{
+                       if(itimes==1){
+                         if(mle>=1)
+                           printf(" Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
+                         fprintf(ficlog," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
+                         fprintf(ficres," Var(%s%1d%1d)",ca,i,j);
+                       }else{
+                         if(mle>=1)
+                           printf(" %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]);
+                         fprintf(ficlog," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]);
+                         fprintf(ficres," %.5e",matcov[jj][ll]);
+                       }
+                     }
+                   }
+                 } /* end lk */
+               } /* end lj */
+             } /* end li */
+             if(mle>=1)
+               printf("\n");
+             fprintf(ficlog,"\n");
+             fprintf(ficres,"\n");
+             numlinepar++;
+           } /* end k*/
+         } /*end j */
+       } /* end i */
+     } /* end itimes */
+     fflush(ficlog);
+     fflush(ficres);
      while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
        ungetc(c,ficpar);
        fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
- Line 1922  printf("Total number of individuals= %d,
+ Line 5093  printf("Total number of individuals= %d,
        fputs(line,ficparo);
      }
      ungetc(c,ficpar);
-     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);
+     estepm=0;
+     fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf estepm=%d\n",&ageminpar,&agemaxpar, &bage, &fage, &estepm);
+     if (estepm==0 || estepm < stepm) estepm=stepm;
      if (fage <= 2) {
-       bage = agemin;
+       bage = ageminpar;
-       fage = agemax;
+       fage = agemaxpar;
      }
      fprintf(ficres,"# agemin agemax for life expectancy, bage fage (if mle==0 ie no data nor Max likelihood).\n");
-     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);
+     fprintf(ficres,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
- /*------------ gnuplot -------------*/
+     fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f estepm=%d\n",ageminpar,agemaxpar,bage,fage, estepm);
- chdir(pathcd);
-   if((ficgp=fopen("graph.gp","w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with file graph.gp");goto end;
-   }
- #ifdef windows
-   fprintf(ficgp,"cd \"%s\" \n",pathc);
- #endif
-    /* 1eme*/
-   for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
- #ifdef windows
-     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:%d \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,cpt*2);
- #endif
- #ifdef unix
- fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nplot [%.f:%.f] \"vpl%s\" u 1:%d \"\%%lf",agemin,fage,fileres,cpt*2);
- #endif
-     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"Stationary prevalence\" w l 0,\"vpl%s\" u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf",fileres,2*cpt,cpt*2+1);
-     for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"95\%% CI\" w l 1,\"vpl%s\" u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf",fileres,2*cpt,2*cpt+1);
-      for (i=1; i<= nlstate ; i ++) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
-      fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 1,\"p%s\" u 1:($%d) t\"Observed prevalence \" w l 2",fileres,2+4*(cpt-1));
- #ifdef unix
- fprintf(ficgp,"\nset ter gif small size 400,300");
- #endif
- fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"v%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt);
-   }
-   /*2 eme*/
-   fprintf(ficgp,"set ylabel \"Years\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] ",agemin,fage);
-   for (i=1; i<= nlstate+1 ; i ++) {
- k=2*i;
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" u 1:%d \"\%%lf \%%lf (\%%lf) \%%lf (\%%lf)",fileres,k);
-     for (j=1; j< nlstate ; j ++) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
-     if (i== 1) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"TLE\" w l ,");
-     else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"LE in state (%d)\" w l ,",i-1);
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" u 1:($%d-2*$%d) \"\%%lf \%%lf (\%%lf) \%%lf (\%%lf)",fileres,k,k+1);
-     for (j=1; j< nlstate ; j ++) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
-     fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
- fprintf(ficgp,"\"t%s\" u 1:($%d+2*$%d) \"\%%lf \%%lf (\%%lf) \%%lf (\%%lf)",fileres,k,k+1);
-     for (j=1; j< nlstate ; j ++) fprintf(ficgp," \%%lf (\%%lf)");
-     if (i== (nlstate+1)) fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0");
- else fprintf(ficgp,"\" t\"\" w l 0,");
-   }
-   fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"e%s.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."));
-   /*3eme*/
- for (cpt=1; cpt<= nlstate ; cpt ++) {
-   k=2+nlstate*(cpt-1);
-     fprintf(ficgp,"set ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"e%s\" u 1:%d t \"e%d1\" w l",agemin,fage,fileres,k,cpt);
- for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
- fprintf(ficgp,",\"e%s\" u 1:%d t \"e%d%d\" w l",fileres,k+1,cpt,i+1);
- }
- fprintf(ficgp,"\nset out \"ex%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt);
- }
- /* CV preval stat */
- for (cpt=1; cpt<nlstate ; cpt ++) {
-     k=3;
-     fprintf(ficgp,"set xlabel \"Age\" \nset ylabel \"Probability\" \nset ter gif small size 400,300\nplot [%.f:%.f] \"pij%s\" u 2:($%d/($%d",agemin,agemax,fileres,k+cpt,k);
-     for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++)
-       fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",k+i);
-     fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l",cpt,cpt+1);
-  l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
-    fprintf(ficgp,",\"pij%s\" u 2:($%d/($%d",fileres,l+cpt,l);
-    for (i=1; i< nlstate ; i ++) {
-    l=3+(nlstate+ndeath)*cpt;
-     fprintf(ficgp,"+$%d",l+i);
-    }
-   fprintf(ficgp,")) t\"prev(%d,%d)\" w l\n",cpt+1,cpt+1);
-   fprintf(ficgp,"set out \"p%s%d.gif\" \nreplot\n\n",strtok(optionfile, "."),cpt);
-   }
-   fclose(ficgp);
- chdir(path);
-     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
-     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
-     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
-     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
-     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       puts(line);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
+     fscanf(ficpar,"begin-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf end-prev-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mov_average=%d\n",&jprev1, &mprev1,&anprev1,&jprev2, &mprev2,&anprev2,&mobilav);
+     fprintf(ficparo,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
+     fprintf(ficres,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
+     printf("begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"begin-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf end-prev-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mov_average=%d\n",jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2,mobilav);
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       puts(line);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
-     free_ivector(num,1,n);
+     dateprev1=anprev1+(mprev1-1)/12.+(jprev1-1)/365.;
+     dateprev2=anprev2+(mprev2-1)/12.+(jprev2-1)/365.;
+     fscanf(ficpar,"pop_based=%d\n",&popbased);
+     fprintf(ficparo,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
+     fprintf(ficres,"pop_based=%d\n",popbased);
+     while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
+       ungetc(c,ficpar);
+       fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
+       puts(line);
+       fputs(line,ficparo);
+     }
+     ungetc(c,ficpar);
+     fscanf(ficpar,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf final-proj-date=%lf/%lf/%lf mobil_average=%d\n",&prevfcast,&jproj1,&mproj1,&anproj1,&jproj2,&mproj2,&anproj2,&mobilavproj);
+     fprintf(ficparo,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
+     printf("prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
+     fprintf(ficres,"prevforecast=%d starting-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf final-proj-date=%.lf/%.lf/%.lf mobil_average=%d\n",prevfcast,jproj1,mproj1,anproj1,jproj2,mproj2,anproj2,mobilavproj);
+     /* day and month of proj2 are not used but only year anproj2.*/
+     /*  freqsummary(fileres, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx,Tvaraff,nbcode, ncodemax,mint,anint);*/
+     /*,dateprev1,dateprev2,jprev1, mprev1,anprev1,jprev2, mprev2,anprev2);*/
+     replace_back_to_slash(pathc,path); /* Even gnuplot wants a / */
+     printinggnuplot(fileres, optionfilefiname,ageminpar,agemaxpar,fage, pathc,p);
+     printinghtml(fileres,title,datafile, firstpass, lastpass, stepm, weightopt,\
+                  model,imx,jmin,jmax,jmean,rfileres,popforecast,estepm,\
+                  jprev1,mprev1,anprev1,jprev2,mprev2,anprev2);
+    /*------------ free_vector  -------------*/
+    /*  chdir(path); */
+     free_ivector(wav,1,imx);
+     free_imatrix(dh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
+     free_imatrix(bh,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
+     free_imatrix(mw,1,lastpass-firstpass+1,1,imx);
+     free_lvector(num,1,n);
      free_vector(agedc,1,n);
-     free_vector(weight,1,n);
+     /*free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
-     free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);
+     /*free_matrix(covar,1,NCOVMAX,1,n);*/
      fclose(ficparo);
      fclose(ficres);
-   }
-   /*________fin mle=1_________*/
-   /* No more information from the sample is required now */
+     /*--------------- Prevalence limit  (stable prevalence) --------------*/
-   /* Reads comments: lines beginning with '#' */
-   while((c=getc(ficpar))=='#' && c!= EOF){
-     ungetc(c,ficpar);
-     fgets(line, MAXLINE, ficpar);
-     puts(line);
-     fputs(line,ficparo);
-   }
-   ungetc(c,ficpar);
-   fscanf(ficpar,"agemin=%lf agemax=%lf bage=%lf fage=%lf\n",&agemin,&agemax, &bage, &fage);
+     strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
-   printf("agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax, bage, fage);
+     strcat(filerespl,fileres);
-   fprintf(ficparo,"agemin=%.0f agemax=%.0f bage=%.0f fage=%.0f\n",agemin,agemax,bage,fage);
+     if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
+       printf("Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
-   /*--------------- Prevalence limit --------------*/
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with stable prevalence resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
+     }
-   strcpy(filerespl,"pl");
+     printf("Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
-   strcat(filerespl,fileres);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing stable prevalence: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
-   if((ficrespl=fopen(filerespl,"w"))==NULL) {
+     fprintf(ficrespl, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
-     printf("Problem with Prev limit resultfile: %s\n", filerespl);goto end;
+     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Stable prevalence \n");
-   }
+     fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
-   printf("Computing prevalence limit: result on file '%s' \n", filerespl);
+     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
-   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Prevalence limit\n");
-   fprintf(ficrespl,"#Age ");
-   for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrespl,"%d-%d ",i,i);
-   fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
-   prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
-   pmmij= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-   oldms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-   newms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-   savms= matrix(1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath); /* creation */
-   oldm=oldms; newm=newms; savm=savms; /* Keeps fixed addresses to free */
-   agebase=agemin;
-   agelim=agemax;
-   ftolpl=1.e-10;
-   for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
-     prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl);
-     fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f",age );
-     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
-       fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
      fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
-   }
-   fclose(ficrespl);
-   /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
+     prlim=matrix(1,nlstate,1,nlstate);
-   strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
-   if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
-     printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
-   }
-   printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
-   stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
-   if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;
-   agelim=AGESUP;
+     agebase=ageminpar;
-   hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
+     agelim=agemaxpar;
-   hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
+     ftolpl=1.e-10;
-   for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
+     i1=cptcoveff;
-     nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
+     if (cptcovn < 1){i1=1;}
-     nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
-     p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
-     oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
-     hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm);
+         k=k+1;
-     fprintf(ficrespij,"# Age");
+         /*printf("cptcov=%d cptcod=%d codtab=%d nbcode=%d\n",cptcov, cptcod,Tcode[cptcode],codtab[cptcod][cptcov]);*/
-     for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+         fprintf(ficrespl,"\n#******");
-       for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+         printf("\n#******");
-         fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
+         fprintf(ficlog,"\n#******");
-     fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
+         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++) {
-     for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+           fprintf(ficrespl," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
-       fprintf(ficrespij,"%.0f %.0f",agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
+           printf(" V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
-       for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+           fprintf(ficlog," V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
-         for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+         }
-           fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
+         fprintf(ficrespl,"******\n");
-       fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
+         printf("******\n");
+         fprintf(ficlog,"******\n");
+         for (age=agebase; age<=agelim; age++){
+           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
+           fprintf(ficrespl,"%.0f ",age );
+           for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+             fprintf(ficrespl,"%d %d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+             fprintf(ficrespl," %.5f", prlim[i][i]);
+           fprintf(ficrespl,"\n");
+         }
+       }
      }
-     free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+     fclose(ficrespl);
-     fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
-   }
-   fclose(ficrespij);
-   /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
+     /*------------- h Pij x at various ages ------------*/
-   eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+     strcpy(filerespij,"pij");  strcat(filerespij,fileres);
-   oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+     if((ficrespij=fopen(filerespij,"w"))==NULL) {
-   evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm);
+       printf("Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Pij resultfile: %s\n", filerespij);goto end;
+     }
+     printf("Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing pij: result on file '%s' \n", filerespij);
-   vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+     stepsize=(int) (stepm+YEARM-1)/YEARM;
-   oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+     /*if (stepm<=24) stepsize=2;*/
-   varevsij(fileres, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl);
-   strcpy(filerest,"t");
+     agelim=AGESUP;
-   strcat(filerest,fileres);
+     hstepm=stepsize*YEARM; /* Every year of age */
-   if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
+     hstepm=hstepm/stepm; /* Typically 2 years, = 2/6 months = 4 */
-     printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
-   }
+     /* hstepm=1;   aff par mois*/
-   printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);
+     fprintf(ficrespij, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
-   fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
+     fprintf(ficrespij,"#****** h Pij x Probability to be in state j at age x+h being in i at x ");
-   for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
+     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
-   fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
+       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
+         k=k+1;
+         fprintf(ficrespij,"\n#****** ");
+         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+           fprintf(ficrespij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+         fprintf(ficrespij,"******\n");
+         for (agedeb=fage; agedeb>=bage; agedeb--){ /* If stepm=6 months */
+           nhstepm=(int) rint((agelim-agedeb)*YEARM/stepm); /* Typically 20 years = 20*12/6=40 */
+           nhstepm = nhstepm/hstepm; /* Typically 40/4=10 */
+           /*      nhstepm=nhstepm*YEARM; aff par mois*/
+           p3mat=ma3x(1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+           oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+           hpxij(p3mat,nhstepm,agedeb,hstepm,p,nlstate,stepm,oldm,savm, k);
+           fprintf(ficrespij,"# Cov Agex agex+h hpijx with i,j=");
+           for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+             for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+               fprintf(ficrespij," %1d-%1d",i,j);
+           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
+           for (h=0; h<=nhstepm; h++){
+             fprintf(ficrespij,"%d %3.f %3.f",k,agedeb, agedeb+ h*hstepm/YEARM*stepm );
+             for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+               for(j=1; j<=nlstate+ndeath;j++)
+                 fprintf(ficrespij," %.5f", p3mat[i][j][h]);
+             fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
+           }
+           free_ma3x(p3mat,1,nlstate+ndeath,1, nlstate+ndeath, 0,nhstepm);
+           fprintf(ficrespij,"\n");
+         }
+       }
+     }
+     varprob(optionfilefiname, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, bage, fage,k,Tvar,nbcode, ncodemax,strstart);
+     fclose(ficrespij);
+     probs= ma3x(1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+     for(i=1;i<=AGESUP;i++)
+       for(j=1;j<=NCOVMAX;j++)
+         for(k=1;k<=NCOVMAX;k++)
+           probs[i][j][k]=0.;
+     /*---------- Forecasting ------------------*/
+     /*if((stepm == 1) && (strcmp(model,".")==0)){*/
+     if(prevfcast==1){
+       /*    if(stepm ==1){*/
+       prevforecast(fileres, anproj1, mproj1, jproj1, agemin, agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2, mobilavproj, bage, fage, firstpass, lastpass, anproj2, p, cptcoveff);
+       /* (popforecast==1) populforecast(fileres, anpyram,mpyram,jpyram, agemin,agemax, dateprev1, dateprev2,mobilav, agedeb, fage, popforecast, popfile, anpyram1,p, i1);*/
+       /*      }  */
+       /*      else{ */
+       /*        erreur=108; */
+       /*        printf("Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
+       /*        fprintf(ficlog,"Warning %d!! You can only forecast the prevalences if the optimization\n  has been performed with stepm = 1 (month) instead of %d or model=. instead of '%s'\n", erreur, stepm, model); */
+       /*      } */
+     }
+     /*---------- Health expectancies and variances ------------*/
+     strcpy(filerest,"t");
+     strcat(filerest,fileres);
+     if((ficrest=fopen(filerest,"w"))==NULL) {
+       printf("Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with total LE resultfile: %s\n", filerest);goto end;
+     }
+     printf("Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Total LEs with variances: file '%s' \n", filerest);
+     strcpy(filerese,"e");
+     strcat(filerese,fileres);
+     if((ficreseij=fopen(filerese,"w"))==NULL) {
+       printf("Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with Health Exp. resultfile: %s\n", filerese); exit(0);
+     }
+     printf("Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Health Expectancies: result on file '%s' \n", filerese);
+     strcpy(fileresv,"v");
+     strcat(fileresv,fileres);
+     if((ficresvij=fopen(fileresv,"w"))==NULL) {
+       printf("Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
+       fprintf(ficlog,"Problem with variance resultfile: %s\n", fileresv);exit(0);
+     }
+     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"Computing Variance-covariance of DFLEs: file '%s' \n", fileresv);
+     /* Computes prevalence between agemin (i.e minimal age computed) and no more ageminpar */
+     prevalence(probs, agemin, agemax, s, agev, nlstate, imx, Tvar, nbcode, ncodemax, mint, anint, dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
+     /*  printf("ageminpar=%f, agemax=%f, s[lastpass][imx]=%d, agev[lastpass][imx]=%f, nlstate=%d, imx=%d,  mint[lastpass][imx]=%f, anint[lastpass][imx]=%f,dateprev1=%f, dateprev2=%f, firstpass=%d, lastpass=%d\n",\
+         ageminpar, agemax, s[lastpass][imx], agev[lastpass][imx], nlstate, imx, mint[lastpass][imx],anint[lastpass][imx], dateprev1, dateprev2, firstpass, lastpass);
+     */
+     if (mobilav!=0) {
+       mobaverage= ma3x(1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+       if (movingaverage(probs, bage, fage, mobaverage,mobilav)!=0){
+         fprintf(ficlog," Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+         printf(" Error in movingaverage mobilav=%d\n",mobilav);
+       }
+     }
-   hf=1;
+     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
-   if (stepm >= YEARM) hf=stepm/YEARM;
+       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
-   epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
+         k=k+1;
-   for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
+         fprintf(ficrest,"\n#****** ");
-     prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl);
+         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
-     fprintf(ficrest," %.0f",age);
+           fprintf(ficrest,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
-     for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
+         fprintf(ficrest,"******\n");
-       for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
-         epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*hf*eij[i][j][(int)age];
+         fprintf(ficreseij,"\n#****** ");
+         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+           fprintf(ficreseij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+         fprintf(ficreseij,"******\n");
+         fprintf(ficresvij,"\n#****** ");
+         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+           fprintf(ficresvij,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+         fprintf(ficresvij,"******\n");
+         eij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+         evsij(fileres, eij, p, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int)fage, oldm, savm, k, estepm, delti, matcov, strstart);
+         vareij=ma3x(1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+         varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,0, mobilav, strstart);
+         if(popbased==1){
+           varevsij(optionfilefiname, vareij, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k, estepm, cptcov,cptcod,popbased,mobilav, strstart);
+         }
+         fprintf(ficrest, "#Local time at start: %s", strstart);
+         fprintf(ficrest,"#Total LEs with variances: e.. (std) ");
+         for (i=1;i<=nlstate;i++) fprintf(ficrest,"e.%d (std) ",i);
+         fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
+         epj=vector(1,nlstate+1);
+         for(age=bage; age <=fage ;age++){
+           prevalim(prlim, nlstate, p, age, oldm, savm,ftolpl,k);
+           if (popbased==1) {
+             if(mobilav ==0){
+               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+                 prlim[i][i]=probs[(int)age][i][k];
+             }else{ /* mobilav */
+               for(i=1; i<=nlstate;i++)
+                 prlim[i][i]=mobaverage[(int)age][i][k];
+             }
+           }
+           fprintf(ficrest," %4.0f",age);
+           for(j=1, epj[nlstate+1]=0.;j <=nlstate;j++){
+             for(i=1, epj[j]=0.;i <=nlstate;i++) {
+               epj[j] += prlim[i][i]*eij[i][j][(int)age];
+               /*  printf("%lf %lf ", prlim[i][i] ,eij[i][j][(int)age]);*/
+             }
+             epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
+           }
+           for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
+             for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
+               vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
+           fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[nlstate+1],sqrt(vepp));
+           for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
+             fprintf(ficrest," %7.3f (%7.3f)", epj[j],sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
+           }
+           fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
+         }
+         free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+         free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+         free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
        }
-       epj[nlstate+1] +=epj[j];
      }
-     for(i=1, vepp=0.;i <=nlstate;i++)
+     free_vector(weight,1,n);
-       for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++)
+     free_imatrix(Tvard,1,15,1,2);
-         vepp += vareij[i][j][(int)age];
+     free_imatrix(s,1,maxwav+1,1,n);
-     fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[nlstate+1],hf*sqrt(vepp));
+     free_matrix(anint,1,maxwav,1,n);
-     for(j=1;j <=nlstate;j++){
+     free_matrix(mint,1,maxwav,1,n);
-       fprintf(ficrest," %.2f (%.2f)", epj[j],hf*sqrt(vareij[j][j][(int)age]));
+     free_ivector(cod,1,n);
+     free_ivector(tab,1,NCOVMAX);
+     fclose(ficreseij);
+     fclose(ficresvij);
+     fclose(ficrest);
+     fclose(ficpar);
+     /*------- Variance of stable prevalence------*/
+     strcpy(fileresvpl,"vpl");
+     strcat(fileresvpl,fileres);
+     if((ficresvpl=fopen(fileresvpl,"w"))==NULL) {
+       printf("Problem with variance of stable prevalence  resultfile: %s\n", fileresvpl);
+       exit(0);
      }
-     fprintf(ficrest,"\n");
+     printf("Computing Variance-covariance of stable prevalence: file '%s' \n", fileresvpl);
-   }
-   fclose(ficrest);
-   fclose(ficpar);
-   free_vector(epj,1,nlstate+1);
-   /*------- Variance limit prevalence------*/
+     for(cptcov=1,k=0;cptcov<=i1;cptcov++){
+       for(cptcod=1;cptcod<=ncodemax[cptcov];cptcod++){
+         k=k+1;
+         fprintf(ficresvpl,"\n#****** ");
+         for(j=1;j<=cptcoveff;j++)
+           fprintf(ficresvpl,"V%d=%d ",Tvaraff[j],nbcode[Tvaraff[j]][codtab[k][j]]);
+         fprintf(ficresvpl,"******\n");
+         varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+         oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
+         varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl,k,strstart);
+         free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+       }
+     }
-   varpl=matrix(1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int) fage);
+     fclose(ficresvpl);
-   oldm=oldms;savm=savms;
-   varprevlim(fileres, varpl, matcov, p, delti, nlstate, stepm, (int) bage, (int) fage, oldm, savm, prlim, ftolpl);
+     /*---------- End : free ----------------*/
+     if (mobilav!=0) free_ma3x(mobaverage,1, AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
+     free_ma3x(probs,1,AGESUP,1,NCOVMAX, 1,NCOVMAX);
-   free_matrix(varpl,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+   }  /* mle==-3 arrives here for freeing */
-   free_ma3x(vareij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+     free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_ma3x(eij,1,nlstate,1,nlstate,(int) bage, (int)fage);
+     free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+     free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+     free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(pmmij,1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
-   free_matrix(oldms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+     free_matrix(covar,0,NCOVMAX,1,n);
-   free_matrix(newms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+     free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
-   free_matrix(savms, 1,nlstate+ndeath,1,nlstate+ndeath);
+     /*free_vector(delti,1,npar);*/
+     free_ma3x(delti3,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
-   free_matrix(matcov,1,npar,1,npar);
+     free_matrix(agev,1,maxwav,1,imx);
-   free_vector(delti,1,npar);
+     free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncovmodel);
+     free_ivector(ncodemax,1,8);
+     free_ivector(Tvar,1,15);
+     free_ivector(Tprod,1,15);
+     free_ivector(Tvaraff,1,15);
+     free_ivector(Tage,1,15);
+     free_ivector(Tcode,1,100);
+   fflush(fichtm);
+   fflush(ficgp);
-   free_ma3x(param,1,nlstate,1, nlstate+ndeath-1,1,ncov);
-   printf("End of Imach\n");
+   if((nberr >0) || (nbwarn>0)){
+     printf("End of Imach with %d errors and/or %d warnings\n",nberr,nbwarn);
+     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach with %d errors and/or warnings %d\n",nberr,nbwarn);
+   }else{
+     printf("End of Imach\n");
+     fprintf(ficlog,"End of Imach\n");
+   }
+   printf("See log file on %s\n",filelog);
    /*  gettimeofday(&end_time, (struct timezone*)0);*/  /* after time */
+   (void) gettimeofday(&end_time,&tzp);
-   /* printf("Total time was %d Sec. %d uSec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec -start_time.tv_usec);*/
+   tm = *localtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
-   /*printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
+   tmg = *gmtime(&end_time.tv_sec);
+   strcpy(strtend,asctime(&tm));
+   printf("Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s",strstart, strtend);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Local time at start %s\nLocal time at end   %s\n",strstart, strtend);
+   printf("Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
+   printf("Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Total time used %s\n", asc_diff_time(end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec,tmpout));
+   fprintf(ficlog,"Total time was %d Sec.\n", end_time.tv_sec -start_time.tv_sec);
+   /*  printf("Total time was %d uSec.\n", total_usecs);*/
+ /*   if(fileappend(fichtm,optionfilehtm)){ */
+   fprintf(fichtm,"<br>Local time at start %s<br>Local time at end   %s<br>",strstart, strtend);
+   fclose(fichtm);
+   fclose(fichtmcov);
+   fclose(ficgp);
+   fclose(ficlog);
    /*------ End -----------*/
-  end:
+   chdir(path);
- #ifdef windows
+   strcpy(plotcmd,"\"");
-  chdir(pathcd);
+   strcat(plotcmd,pathimach);
- #endif
+   strcat(plotcmd,GNUPLOTPROGRAM);
-  system("gnuplot graph.gp");
+   strcat(plotcmd,"\"");
+   strcat(plotcmd," ");
- #ifdef windows
+   strcat(plotcmd,optionfilegnuplot);
+   printf("Starting graphs with: %s",plotcmd);fflush(stdout);
+   if((outcmd=system(plotcmd)) != 0){
+     printf(" Problem with gnuplot\n");
+   }
+   printf(" Wait...");
    while (z[0] != 'q') {
-     chdir(pathcd);
+     /* chdir(path); */
-     printf("\nType e to edit output files, c to start again, and q for exiting: ");
+     printf("\nType e to edit output files, g to graph again and q for exiting: ");
      scanf("%s",z);
-     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach");
+ /*     if (z[0] == 'c') system("./imach"); */
-     else if (z[0] == 'e') {
+     if (z[0] == 'e') {
-       chdir(path);
+       printf("Starting browser with: %s",optionfilehtm);fflush(stdout);
-       system("index.htm");
+       system(optionfilehtm);
      }
+     else if (z[0] == 'g') system(plotcmd);
      else if (z[0] == 'q') exit(0);
    }
- #endif
+   end:
+   while (z[0] != 'q') {
+     printf("\nType  q for exiting: ");
+     scanf("%s",z);
+   }
  }

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